א Āleph, first letter; in post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed MT); א̈= 1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times. BDB א.2
† [אֵב] n. [m.] freshness, fresh green (LagBN207 Inf. ibb; thence concr., cf. Arabic أَبٌّ herbage, pasture; above stem & meaning better than √אנב (spring) cf. Aramaic אִנְבֵּהּ (q.v.) DlHA65, Pr114) עֿדֶנּוּ בְאִבּוֹ while yet in its freshness (i.e. אָחוּ, reed) Jb 8:12; concr., pl. green shoots בְּאִבֵּי הַנַּחַל Ct 6:11 (‖ הֲפָֽרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן הֵנֵצוּ הָֽרִמֹּנִים׃). BDB אֵב.2
אָב v. II. אבה. BDB אָב.2
אָב1191 n.m. father (Ph. אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic أَبٌ, Sab. אב CISiv, 1. 37 1. 2 al. Ethiopic አብ Aramaic אַבָּא, ܐܰܒܳܐ )—abs. אָב Gn 44:19 + 47 times; cstr. אַב Gn 17:4, 5 (cf. in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in n.pr. On Hal’s proposes אֲבִר v. אברהם); אֲבִי (cf. Ge§§ 90, 3b, 96) Gn 4:20 +; sf. אָבִי Gn 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gn 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gn 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Ju 14:10 + 6 times; pl. אָבוֹת Ex 12:3 +; cstr. אֲבוֹת Ex 6:25 + 7 times; sf. אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָ֑י) Gn 47:9 + 15 times; אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:38 + 32 times (late); אֲבוֹתָם Ex 4:5 + 106 times etc.;—
1. father of individual Gn 2:24 (+ אֵם) 11:28, 29(×2); 19:31, 32, 33, + often (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 (J) Je 35:6 f Pr 6:20 (cf. Gn 18:19 J 28:1, 6 P 1 S 17:20 1 K 2:1); instructing מוסר Pr 1:8; 4:1 (cf. Dt 8:5); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22 Zc 13:3(×2) (+ אֵם) Is 45:10; cf. Gn 49:4 (J) Lv 18:7, 8, 11 (P); rebuking Gn 37:10; loving Gn 37:4; 44:20 (JE; cf. 22:2; 25:28; 37:3 2 S 14:1); pitying ψ 103:13 (in sim. cf. 2 S 18:5); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf. 27:4 also 28:1 P +); as glad Pr 10:1; 15:20 cf. 29:3; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf. 2 S 12:22; 19:1, 2 f) etc. Also as obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 (E) = Dt 5:16; Ex 21:15, 17 (E) Dt 21:18, 19 Gn 28:7 (P), 50:1, 5 1 K 19:20 (all + אֵם) (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (‖ אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).
2. of God as father of his people (v. RSSem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6 Je 3:4, 19; 31:9 Is 63:16(×2); 64:7 Mal 1:6; 2:10 (cf. Ex 4:22; 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11 Ho 11:1); cf. Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2 S 7:14 ψ 89:27; f. of needy (late) ψ 68:6 (cf. 103:13) (in n.pr., f. of individ., cf. infr.)
3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gn 38:11(×2) Lv 22:13 +; = family Gn 24:40 (‖ מִשְׁפַחְתִּי) 41:51; 46:31 + cf. Nu 18:1, 2 Jos 2:12, 18; 6:25; especially techn. of divisions of Isr. בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Nu 3:30, 35 = a father’s house, i.e. a family or clan; more often pl. (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֹת = fathers’ houses = families, clans (cf. Di on Ex 6:14) Ex 6:14; 12:3 Nu 1:2, 18 ff. (often in Nu) Jos 22:14(×2) without בית Jos 14:1; 19:51; 21:1(×2) (always P in Hex.); also 1 Ch 5:13, 15 + often in Ch; cf. רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ר׳ בית א׳) Ex 6:25 cf. 1 K 8:1 1 Ch 6:4; 7:11 + often Ch Ezr Ne.
4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13; 32:10 (J; where used of Abr. & Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:3; gr.-greatgr. 1 K 15:11, 24 etc.; cf. 2 K 14:3; 15:38; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2; often pl. (= fathers, forefathers) Gn 15:15; 46:34 (JE) 1 K 19:4; 21:3, 4 2 K 19:12; 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1 K 1:21; 2:10; 11:21; 22:40 +; joined with ויקבר עם אב׳ 1 K 14:31; 15:24; 22:51 2 K 8:24; 15:38 cf. v 7, 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Ex 10:6 cf. Dn 11:24; (b) of people Gn 10:21 (J) 17:4, 5 (P) 19:37, 38 (J) 36:9, 43 (P) Dt 26:5 Is 51:2; 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, v. Che) cf. also Ez 16:3, 45 + often; pl. Ex 3:13, 15, 16 (E) Dt 1:8 Jos 1:6 Ju 2:1 1 S 12:6 +; 1 S 12:15 ad fin read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם 𝔊 We Dr.
5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20, 21.
6. fig. of producer, generator Jb 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (‖ מִי־הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל׃).
7. fig. of benevolence & protection Jb 29:16 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִים, cf. 31:18; of Eliakim Is 22:21; perhaps also of gracious Mess. king אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di)—others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn KueBrMP).
8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); appl. to master 2 K 5:13; priest Ju 17:10; 18:19; prophet 2 K 2:12(×2); 6:21; 13:14(×2) cf. 8:9; counsellor Gn 45:8 (E; cf. δευτέρου πατρός 𝔊 add. Est 3:13; τῷ πατρί 1 Mac 11:32); king 1 S 24:12; artificer 2 Ch 2:12; 4:16.
9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1 Ch 2:24, 42(×2) etc. (cf. Ew§ 273b). See also EwGesch. i. 524 H i. 365. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many prob. a divine title), v. CheEncy. Bib., abi, names with Nöib., names, §§ 44, 45. BDB אָב².2
אבב (fresh, bright, Assyrian abâbu DlW, AGl.) BDB אבב.2
אֲבִגַיִל v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה. BDB אֲבִגַיִל.2
† אֲבַגְתָא n. pr. m. (Pers. cf. בִּגְתָא) eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10. BDB אֲבַגְתָא.2
† אָבַד vb. perish (MI אבד, Assyrian abâtu DlW184 Aramaic אֲבַד, ܐܶܒܰܕ.—
Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2 times; 3 fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4 times; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3 times; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3 times; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3 fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה 1 S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jn 1:6; 3:9; נֹאבְדָה Jon 1:14 etc.; Inf. abs. אָבֹד Dt 4:26 + 2 times; cstr. אֲבֹד Dt 7:20 Pr 11:10; אֲבָדְךָ Dt 28:20; אָבְדֶ֑ךָ Dt 28:22; אֲבָדְכֶם Jos 23:13; אָבְדָם Ob 12 Pr 28:28; Pt. אֹבֵד אוֹבֵד Dt 26:5 + 7 times; cstr. אֹבַד Dt 32:28 (v. Di Bö§ 378); etc. 1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Nu 17:27 (‖ גוע & (v 28 מות), (also Dt 26:5? cf. infr.) Jon 1:6, 14 Jb 31:19 cf. 29:13 Pr 31:6 Est 4:14, 16(×2) Mi 4:9 Je 40:15 cf. Is 57:1 Pr 11:10; 28:28 Ec 7:15 ψ 119:92; emphasis on mortality Jb 4:20 ψ 146:4 Ec 9:6; Saul & Jonath., under fig. of weapons 2 S 1:27; lion Jb 4:11; caravan Jb 6:18 (cf. Di); cf. מִן־הָאָרֶץ א׳ הָסִיד Mi 7:2, וא׳ מֶלֶךְ מֵעַזָּה Zc 9:5; perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lv 26:38 Dt 8:19(×2), 20; 28:20, 22; 30:18(×2) Je 27:10, 15 cf. 6:21, Ob 12 cf. ψ 80:17 Is 27:13; other nations Dt 7:20 Je 10:15; 51:18 ψ 2:12; 10:16; 83:18 cf. 9:4 Am 1:8 Is 41:11; 60:12 cf. Jon 3:9 v. also Ex 10:7 Nu 21:29, 30 (JE) Je 48:46; house of Ahab 2 K 9:8; wicked in general Ju 5:31 Jb 4:9 cf. v 7, ψ 37:20; 49:11; 68:3 (‖ sim. of melting wax), 73:27; 92:10; also Pr 19:9; 21:28; לָנֶצַח א׳ Jb 20:7; cf. דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים א׳ ψ 1:6; sq. מֵעַל הָאָ֑רֶץ (of annihilation of Isr.) Dt 4:26(×2), 11:17 Jos 23:13, 16 (D); sq. מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל (of Korah’s company) Nu 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Je 9:11 (‖ נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר) cf. 48:8; harvest Jo 1:11; Jonah’s gourd Jon 4:10; riches Je 48:36 Ec 5:13; vessel ψ 31:13; houses Am 3:15 (so often Assyrian DlW); city Ez 26:17 (but del. 𝔊 Co); cf. bamôth Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co; heavens & earth ψ 102:27. 2. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory Jb 18:17 ψ 9:7; name ψ 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Jb 30:2; wisdom Is 29:14; cf. אֹבַד עֵצוֹת Dt 32:28; אֱמוּנָה Je 7:28 (‖ נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֹן Ez 12:22; יוֹם Jb 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Je 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה ψ 9:19 Pr 10:28; 11:7 Ez 19:5; 37:11 Jb 8:13; so תַּאֲוָה ψ 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֹחֶלֶת Pr 11:7, sq. מִן + agent La 3:18; תורה + עצה + דבר sq. מן + persons negligent Je 18:18 (cf. 49:7 Ez 7:26), especially א׳ מָנוֹס מִן־ (i.e. they could not escape) Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5. 3. be lost, property Dt 22:3; strayed, beasts 1 S 9:3, 20 Je 50:6 Ez 34:4, 16 ψ 119:176 (fig. of erring men); perhaps Dt 26:5.
Pi. caus. of Qal.—Pf. אִבַּד 2 K 21:3 + 2 times; sf. וְאִבַּדְךָ Co Ez 28:16 cf. infr.; אִבַּדְתִּי Je 15:7; וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ez 6:3 (𝔊 Co וְאָֽבְדוּ) etc.; Impf. יְאַבֵּד Ec 9:18; וִיאַבֵּד Ec 7:7 Zp 2:13; 1 s. sf. וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ez 28:16 (for וָאֲאַבּ׳ Ew§ 72 c Ol§ 79 a KöI 338 Ges§ 68 fin; but Co 3 ms.; v. also Co 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Dt 12:2 etc.; Inf. abs. אַבֵּד Dt 12:2 + 3 times; cstr. id. Ez 22:27 + etc.; Pt. מְאַבְּדִים Je 23:1. 1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, obj. pers. (mostly late) 2 K 11:1 Est 3:9; 4:7; 8:5; 9:24; ‖ הרג 9:6, 12; ‖ הרג + השׁמיד 3:13; 7:4; 8:11; ‖ המם 9:24; cf. ψ 119:95; obj. נְפָשׁוֹת Ez 22:27 (del. 𝔊 Co); in judgment, subj. י׳ ψ 5:7; cf. Pr 1:32; sq. מִתּוֹךְ Ez 28:16; obj. a people 2 K 13:7 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; Jb 12:23; in judgment Dt 11:4 Je 12:17; 15:7 Zp 2:13 ψ 9:6 cf. 21:11; obj. inanimate things especially idols, bamôth etc., Nu. 33:52(×2) (J) Dt 12:2(×2) 2 K 21:3 Ez 6:3 (but cf. 𝔊 Co supr.); bars of Zion La 2:9 (‖ שִׁבַּר). 2. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Dt 12:3; voice of Babylon Je 51:55; memory of dead Is 26:14; substance Pr 29:3; understanding Ec 7:7; good (טוֹבָה q.v.) Ec 9:18. 3. cause to stray, lose; obj. Isr. under fig. of flock Je 23:1 (‖ הֵפִיץ); abs. Ec 3:6 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ).
Hiph. Pf. וְהֶאֱבִיד Nu 24:19; הֶאֱבַ֑דְתָּ Jb 14:19 etc.; Impf. אֹבִידָה Je 46:8 (Ges§ 68, 2 R. 1). Inf. cstr. הַאֲבִיד 2 K 10:19 + etc.; Pt. מַאֲבִיד Dt 8:20. 1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subj. י׳) obj. pers. Lv 23:30 (sq. מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; ‖ כָּרַת v 29); Je 49:38 (sq. מִשָּׁם); Ob 8 (sq. מֵאֱדוֹם); obj. nation, Ammon Ez 25:7 (sq. מן־הארצות; ‖ כָּרַת), cf. v 16; Canaanites Dt 8:20 (sq. מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zp 2:5 (‖ כָּרַת); especially Isr. Dt 28:51, 63 (‖ הִשְׁמִיד), cf. Js 7:7; also abs. Je 18:7 (‖ לִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנְתוֹץ); = 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֹס) = 31:28 (+ וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ez 32:13 (sq. מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); cf. Dt 7:10; ψ 143:12 (‖ הִצְמִית); (human subj.), obj. servants of Baal 2 K 10:19, obj. nation Dt 9:3, cf. Nu 24:19 (E; sq. מֵעִיר); 2 K 24:2; cf. Je 46:8; obj. inanimate, chariots Mi 5:9; idols Ez 30:13 (del. BCo). 2. fig., obj. name of kings Dt 7:24 (sq. מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Jb 14:19; voice of mirth etc. Je 25:10 (cf. 51:55 Pi. supr.) BDB אָבַד.2
† אֹבֵד n.[m.] destruction, עֲדֵי א׳ Nu 24:20, 24 (JE; on form with abstract sense v. BaNB 149). BDB אֹבֵד.2
† אֲבֵדָה n.f. a lost thing—abs. except Dt 22:3 cstr. אֲבֵדַת—Ex 22:8; with מָצָא Lv 5:22, 23; with אָבַד + מָצָא Dt 22:3;—(אבדה Pr 27:20 Kt cf. אֲבַדּוֹ infr.) BDB אֲבֵדָה.2
אֲבַדֹּה, אֲבַדּוֹ cf. אבדון infr. BDB אֲבַדֹּה.2
† אֲבַדּוֹן n.f.? Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = n.pr. (place of) Destruction, Ruin, ʾAbaddôn (cf. ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ 𝔊 Jb 28:22 etc.)—אֲבַדּוֹן Jb 26:6 (+ 4 times); abbrev. אבדה Kt אֲבַדּוֹ(ן) Qr †Pr 27:20.—Place of ruin in Sheʾôl for lost or ruined dead, as development of earlier distinction of condition in Sheʾôl (v. שְׁאוֹל). Only in WisdLt; Jb 31:12; ‖ שׁאול Jb 26:6 Pr 15:11; 27:20; ‖ מות Jb 28:22; ‖ קבר ψ 88:12. BDB אֲבַדּוֹן.2
† אַבְדָ֑ן & אָבְדַן (cstr.) n.[m.] destruction (Syriac ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ ) Est 9:5 (מַכַּת־חֶרֶב וְהֶרֶג וְא׳), 8:6; (on form v. BeRy; Ol§ 215 b.1 BaNB 49, 487). BDB אַבְדָ֑ן.2
II. אבה (perhaps at least formally justified as stem of אָב (cstr. אֲבִי), so Thes (cf. infr.), but existence & meaning wholly dub.; as real √ BaZMG 1887, 609 ff. Ol§ 123 c; according to DlW p. 22 אבה Assyrian abû = decide, אָב = he who decides; Thes (so RobGes NöZMG xl, 737 & cf. Sta§ 186 al.) makes אָב nom. prim. bilit., imitating infant’s speech cf. πάππας, pappa, papa (cf. Ew§ 106 a); also Assyrian bab JenZA 1886, 404). BDB אבה.2
† אֵבֶ֫ה n.[m.] reed, papyrus (etymology uncertain; = Arabic أَبَاءٌ, Assyrian abu DlW, AGl) אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶ֑ה Jb 9:26 (craft made of reeds, light & swift, Heliod.Aethiop. X, 460) = כְּלֵי־גֹמֶא Is 18:2. BDB אֵבֶ֫ה.2
† I. אָבָה vb. be willing, consent (cf. Assyrian abîtu, desire, DlW, Ethiopic አበየ: refuse, Arabic أَبَى, id., Nejd be willing SoDe Jes 3, p. 26; LCB 1880, 817)—
Qal (c. לֹא, אַל except Is 1:19 Jb 39:9; in Hex. rare & only JED, incl. Lv 26:21); Pf. אָבָה Ex 10:27 + אָבוּ Ju 19:25 + 7 times; אָבוּא Is 28:12 (Sta§ 31 R. 2; KöI, 414); Impf. יֹאבֶה Dt 29:19 + 2 times; 2 ms. juss. תֹּבֵא Pr 1:10 (Sta§ 143 e 1 fin; KöI, 576 f) etc.; Pt. אֹבִים Ez 3:7;—be willing, sq. Inf. with ל Ex 10:27 + 29 times; without ל Dt 2:30 + 8 times; subj. י׳ Dt 10:10; 23:6; 29:19 Jos 24:10 2 K 8:19; 13:23; 24:4 2 Ch 21:7; human subj. Gn 24:5, 8 Ju 19:10 2 S 2:21; 13:25; 14:29(×2); 23:16, 17 = 1 Ch 11:18, 19 1 Ch 19:19; in bad sense Ex 10:27 Dt 2:30; 25:7 Ju. 19:25; 20:13 2 S 13:14, 16; especially of perverse Isr. Lv 26:21 Dt 1:26 1 S 15:9 Is 28:12; 30:9; 42:24 Ez 3:7(×2); 20:8; subj. animal, רֵים Jb 39:9; abs. (no Inf.) 2 S 12:17 1 K 20:8; 22:50; cf. Pr 6:35, of jealous man; bad sense Ju 11:17 Is 30:15; good sense 1 S 22:17; 26:23; 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4 2 S 6:10 Pr 1:10; + vb. fin. Is 1:19 (אִם תֹּאבוּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּם) consent, yield to, sq. לוֹ Dt 13:9 (good sense); sq. לִי ψ 81:12; sq. לַעֲצָתִי Pr 1:30; sq. acc. תּוֹכַחְתִּי v 25 (all in bad sense). BDB אָבָה.2
אבוגיל Kt 1 S 25:18 v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה. BDB אבוגיל.2
† אֲבוֹי interj. exclam. of pain, Oh! Pr 23:29 (‖ אוֹי woe!). Prob. akin to Syriac ܐܘܽܒܺܝܰܐ alas …! PS 53 (AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from אָבָה, cf. אֶבְיוֹן). BDB אֲבוֹי.2
† אֵבוּס n.m. Pr 14:4 crib (= feeding-trough, on form v. Ges§ 84 a 12. R.) of ass Is 1:3 (cstr.); oxen Pr 14:4 (abs.); אִם־יָלִין עַל־אֲבוֶּס֑ךָ Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox). BDB אֵבוּס.2
אבח (DlBD Ez. x, Pr 75 comp. Assyrian [abâḫu], torment, but dub.) BDB אבח.2
[אִבְחָה] n.f. cstr. אִבְחַת חֶרֶב Ez 21:20; Dl, as above, slaughter; but prob. error for טבחת (v. טבח) Ges Co; 𝔊 σφάγια ῥομφαίας, cf. 𝔗. BDB אִבְחָה.2
† אֲבַטִּחִים n.[m.]pl. water-melons (Mish. אבטיח, Sam. ࠁࠈࠉࠇ; cf. LöwNo. 297; Arabic بِطِّيخٌ etc.; perhaps loan-word in Heb. cf. Sta§ 258; mod. Egyptian baṭṭich, biṭṭich cf. reff. in Di Nu 11:5; on formation cf. LagBN 10, who comp. Ethiopic aqṭala)—Egyptian fruit, הָא׳ Nu 11:5 (‖ הִקִּשֻּׁאִים, הֶֽחָצִיר, הַבְּצָלִים, הַשּׁוּמִים); 𝔊 τοὺς πέπονας. BDB אֲבַטִּחִים.2
אֲבַטִּיחִים v. II. בטח. BDB אֲבַטִּיחִים.2
אֲבִי v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה. BDB אֲבִי.2
אָבִי v. ביי, בי. אָבִי (1 K 21:29) v. בּוֹא. BDB אָבִי.2
† אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי adj.gent. Abiezrite Ju 6:11, 24; 8:32 = אִיעֶזְרִי Nu 26:30. BDB אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי.2
אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי v. אֲבִיעֶזֶר sub II. אבה. BDB אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי².2
† אֲבִי־עַלְבוֹן n.pr.m. a hero of David 2 S 23:31 read אֲבִיאֵל so 𝔊 1 Ch 11:32, cf. DrS (WeS אבי־בעל (v. sub אביאל); otherwise KloS. BDB אֲבִי־עַלְבוֹן.2
† אֲבִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl is (my) father, cf. אביהו & Ph. אבבעל (fem.), also אביבעל; & אבנבעל our father etc.; Abi-ba’al KAT2 355; v. RSSem 45. NöZMG 1888, 480 makes אבי here, & in אביהו etc., cstr. but this seems unlikely; cf. also אליאב etc.; views differ much as to these n.pr. and uniform interpr. is impossible. Cf. in gen. Ol§ 277 f).
1. Saul’s grandfather 1 S 9:1; 14:51.
2. = foregoing, 1 Ch 11:32. BDB אֲבִיאֵל.2
† אֲבִיאָסָף n.pr.m. (my father has gathered) son (descendant) of Korah Ex 6:24, Sam. אביסף, so אֶבְיָסָף 1 Ch 6:8, 22; 9:19 (cf. NesEg 185). BDB אֲבִיאָסָף.2
† אָבִיב n.m. Lv 2:14 coll. (LagBN 207 Inf.)
1. fresh, young ears of barley Ex 9:31; indef. Lv 2:14 מִנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים ליהוה א׳ קָלוּי בָּאֵשׁ.
2. חֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב month of ear-forming, or of growing green, Abib, month of Exodus & passover, Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18, 18 (JE), Dt 16:1, 1 (1st month = c. April = הָרִאשֹׁן, הַחֹדֶשׁ הָר׳ (q.v.) in P; v. Di Ex 12:2; = postexilic נִיסָן q.v.) BDB אָבִיב.2
† אֲבִיגַ֫יִל n.pr.f. (my father is joy (?) orig. אבגל? (אֲבִגֵל?) cf. MT infr. & NöZMG 1883, 537 Anm2).
1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1 S 25:14, 23, 39, 40, 42; 27:3; 30:5 2 S 2:2 1 Ch 3:1; = אֲבִגַיִל 1 S 25:3, 36 אֲבִו֯גַיִל v 18, אֲבִיגָ֑ל v 32, אֲבִיגַ֯לִ 2 S 3:3.
2. sister of David 1 Ch 2:16, 17 = אֲבִיגַל 17:25. BDB אֲבִיגַ֫יִל.2
† אֲבִידָן n.pr.m. (my father is judge) a prince of Benj. Nu 1:11; 2:22; 7:60, 65; 10:24. BDB אֲבִידָן.2
† אֲבִידָע n.pr.m. (my father took knowledge) a son of Midian Gn 25:4 1 Ch 1:33. Cf. Sab. אבידע, HalMA 192, 202, also ידעאב, DHMZMG ’83, 399. BDB אֲבִידָע.2
אֲבִיָּה v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה. BDB אֲבִיָּה.2
† אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ n.pr.m. & f. (Yah(u) is (my) father)—so †2 Ch 13:20, 21 = אֲבִיָּם †1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7(×2), 8 (𝔊 Ἀβιου, Ἀβια); = אֲבִי †2 K 18:2 (𝔊 Ἀβου, Ἀβουθ); = אֲבִיָּה 1 S 8:2 + 22 times—
1. king of Judah, son & successor of Rehoboam 1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7(×2), 8 1 Ch 3:10 2 Ch 11:20, 22; 12:16; 13:1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.
2. 2nd son of Samuel 1 S 8:2 1 Ch 6:13.
3. son of Jerob. I 1 K 14:1.
4. son of Becher, a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8.
5. head of a priestly house 1 Ch 24:10.
6. id. Ne 10:8; 12:4, 17.
7. wife of Hezron 1 Ch 2:24.
8. mother of Hezekiah 2 K 18:2 2 Ch 29:1. BDB אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ.2
אֲבִיהוּא n.pr.m. (he is father) a son of Aaron Ex 6:23; 24:1, 9; 28:1 Lv 10:1 + 7 times. BDB אֲבִיהוּא.2
† אֲבִיהוּד n.pr.m. (my father is majesty, cf. הוֹד, עַמִּיהוּד) son of Bela, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:3. BDB אֲבִיהוּד.2
אֲבִיהַיִל v. אֲבִיחַיִל sub II. אבה. BDB אֲבִיהַיִל.2
† אֶבְיוֹן adj. in want, needy, poor,—so, always abs., Dt 15:4 + 40 times; אֶבְיֹנְךָ Ex 23:6 Dt 15:11; אֶבְיוֹנִים Am 4:1 + 14 times; אֶבְיוֹנֵי (אֶבְיֹנֵי) Ex 23:11 Is 29:19; אֶבְיוֹנֶיהָ ψ 132:15—(Hex. only JED; mostly poet., 23 times ψ) needy, chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7(×2), 9; 24:14 ψ 109:16 (both ‖ עָנִי); elsewhere subst.; ψ 49:3 (‖ עָשׁיר); Dt 15:4, 11; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6; 5:12 (both ‖ צַדִּיק) 4:1; 8:6 (all ‖ דַּל) Is 32:7; Am 8:4 Ez 16:49; 18:12; 22:29 ψ 37:14 Jb 24:4, 14 Pr 30:14—cf. ψ 109:16 supr.—(all ‖ עָנִי) Je 5:28 (‖ יָתוֹם) 2:34; cared for by good Jb 29:16; 30:25 (‖ קְשֵׁה־יוֹם) 31:19 ψ 112:9 Est 9:22; Pr 14:31 (‖ דַּל) 31:20 Je 22:16 (‖ עָנִי); care of them enjoined, negatively Ex 23:6; = cf. Dt 24:14 supr.—positively Ex 23:11 Dt 15:11 Pr 31:9 (both ‖ עָנִי)—cf. Dt 15:7(×2), 9 supr.—ψ 82:4 (‖ דַּל); cared for by God Je 20:13 ψ 107:41; 132:15 Jb 5:15; 1 S 2:8 = ψ 113:7 Is 14:30 (all ‖ דַּל) ψ 35:10; 140:13 (both ‖ עָנִי), cf. Davidic king ψ 72:12 (‖ עָנִי) = v 4 בְּנֵי אֶבְ׳ (‖ id.), v 13(×2) (‖ דַּל); needing help, deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God ψ 9:19; 12:6; 40:18 = 70:6; 74:21; 86:1; 109:22 Is 29:19; 41:17 (all ‖ עָנִי) Is 25:4 (‖ דַּל) ψ 69:34; 109:31. BDB אֶבְיוֹן.2
אֶבְיוֹן, אֲבִיּוֹנָה v. I. אָבָה. BDB אֶבְיוֹן².2
† אֲבִיּוֹנָה n.f. caper-berry (as stimulating desire) Ec 12:5 (v. GFMJBL 1891, 55 ff.; so 𝔊 𝔙, Mish. אביונות, cf. NHWB; v. also 𝔖 i.e. capparis spinosa, cf. RiHWB; so Thes, Ew De, etc.; but Wetzst in De (Germ. ed. 1875) proposes אֶבְיוֹנָה (as fem. of אביון) the poor soul in sense = נִשְׁמָתוֹ הָאֶבְיוֹנָה cf. Symm 𝔖, where double translation). BDB אֲבִיּוֹנָה.2
† אֲבִיחַ֫יִל n.pr.m. & f. (my father is might, Sab. אבחיל HalMA 234)—prob. = אֲבִיהַיִל 2 Ch 11:18, אֲבִיהָ֑יִל 1 Ch 2:29—
1. a Levite Nu 3:35.
2. a Gadite 1 Ch 5:14.
3. father of Esther Est 2:15; 9:29.
4. wife of Abishur 1 Ch 2:29.
5. wife of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:18. BDB אֲבִיחַ֫יִל.2
† אֲבִיטוּב n.pr.m. (my father is goodness) son of Shaharaim, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11. BDB אֲבִיטוּב.2
† אֲבִיטָ֑ל n.pr.f. (my father is (the) dew) a wife of David 2 S 3:4 1 Ch 3:3—אֲבִיָּם v. אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ. BDB אֲבִיטָ֑ל.2
אֲבִיָּם v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה. BDB אֲבִיָּם.2
† אֲבִימָאֵל n.pr.m. (a father is Ēl; South-Arabic name) son of Joktan Gn 10:28 1 Ch 1:22. Cf. Sab. אבמעתֿתר, Abmi ʿAṯtar a father is ʿAṯtar ([עשׁתר] v. עַשְׁתֹּרֶת) HalM 86, DHMZMG 1883, 18. BDB אֲבִימָאֵל.2
אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (Melek (= Malik, Molech) is father)—אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ Gn 20:18 +—
1. king of Gerar Gn 20:2, 3, 4 +, 21:22, 25(×2) +, 26:1, 8 (24 times Gn).
†2. king of Gath ψ 34:1 error for אָכִישׁ, cf. 1 S 21:11f;—a better known Philist. name substituted for a less known (Hup3). > Others (Thes Ol De MV) think a title of Philist. kings, cf. Pharaoh.
3. son of Gideon Ju 8:31; 9:1, 3, 4 +, 10:1 (40 times Ju), 2 S 11:21.
†4. priest, son of Abiathar 1 Ch 18:16 error for אֲחִימֶלֶךְ q.v. (Sab. also n.pr.f. OsianderZMG 1865, 209). BDB אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ.2
† אֲבִינָדָב n.pr.m. (my father is noble)
1. a man of Gibeah in whose house the ark tarried 1 S 7:1 2 S 6:3(×2), 4 1 Ch 13:7.
2. a son of Jesse 1 S 16:8; 17:13; 1 K 4:11 (? perhaps otherwise unknown; Klo proposes אֲבִינֵר בְּ).
3. a son of Saul 1 S 31:2 1 Ch 8:33; 9:39; 10:2. BDB אֲבִינָדָב.2
† אֲבִינֹ֫עַם n.pr.m. (my father is delight) father of Barak Ju 4:6, 12; 5:1, 12. BDB אֲבִינֹ֫עַם.2
אֲבִינֵר n.pr.m. (my father is Nêr, or is a lamp cf. 2 S 21:17; according to LagBN 75 = אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + נֵר = son of Ner; cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεννηρ)—so only 1 S 14:50, elsewhere אַבְנֵר—cousin of Saul, and captain of his host 1 S 14:50, 51; 17:55(×3) + 52 times 1 & 2 S + 1 K 2:5, 32 1 Ch 26:28; 27:21. BDB אֲבִינֵר.2
אֶבְיָסָף v. אֲבִיאָסָף sub II. אבה. BDB אֶבְיָסָף.2
† אֲבִיעֶ֫זֶר n.pr.m. (my father is help)—= אִיעֶזֶר Nu 26:30—
1. a Manassite, called ‘son’ of Gilead Nu 26:30 (cf. Di) Jos 17:2 Ju 6:34; 8:2; and son of Gil.’s sister 1 Ch 7:18.
2. a Benjamite, a warrior of David 2 S 23:27 1 Ch 11:28; 27:12. BDB אֲבִיעֶ֫זֶר.2
† אַבִּיר adj. mighty, valiant—א׳ Jb 34:20 + Is 10:13 Kt (Qr כַּבִּיר; cstr. id. 1 S 21:8; pl. אַבִּירִים Jb 24:22 +;—mighty (alw. = subst. & poet. exc.1 S 21:8).
1. men Jb 24:22(= violent) 34:20 Je 46:15 1 S 21:8 (read א׳ הָרָצִים Gr Dr, cf. 22:17; but LagProbebibel אֹבִיל הָעֲיָרִים v. Id. BN 45; Klo גִּבּוֹר), La 1:15; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout of heart Is 46:12 (= obstinate) ψ 76:6.
2. angels ψ 78:25 (cf. 103:20).
3. animals; bull, sim. of king of Assyr. Is 10:13 (rd.כְּאַבִּיר & v. Di); elsewh. pl.; metaph. for enemies אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן ψ 22:13 (‖ פּרים); for princes ψ 68:31; for Edomites Is 34:7; hence even as sacrif. ψ 50:13 (‖ עַתּוּדִים); of horses Ju 5:22 Je 8:16; 47:3; 50:11 but Je 46:15 many MSS. 𝔊 Aq Symm Theod 𝔙 many moderns read אַבִּירֶ֑ךָ thy bull, i.e. Apis BDB אַבִּיר.2
† [אָבִיר] adj. strong; alw.= subst. the Strong, old name for God (poet.); only cstr. in אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב Gn 49:24 & thence ψ 132:2, 5 Is 49:26; 60:16; א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 1:24 (cf. Che crit. n.)—BaNB 51 assigns this cstr. to אַבִּיר. BDB אָבִיר.2
† אֲבִירָם n.pr.m. ((the) Exalted One is (my) father (v. BaeRel 156) cf. Assyrian Aburamu (?) KAT2 479 cf. DlL2, p. 91, 1. 225).
1. a Reubenite, son of Eliab Nu 16:1, 12, 24, 25, 27(×2); 26:9 Dt 11:6 ψ 106:17.
2. son of Hiel the Bethelite 1 K 16:34. Cf. also following. BDB אֲבִירָם.2
† אֲבִישַׁג n.pr.f. (my father is a wanderer (שׁגג)?) a handmaid of David 1 K 1:3, 15; 2:17, 21, 22. BDB אֲבִישַׁג.2
† אֲבִישׁוּעַ n.pr.m. (my father is rescue, or is opulence (cf. שׁוֹעַ rich Jb 34:19; also שׁוּעַ Jb 36:19? but v. שׁוע); LagBN 75 thinks from אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + שׁוע cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεσσουε 1 Ch 8:4)
1. a son of Phinehas 1 Ch 5:30, 31; 6:35 Ezr 7:5.
2. a Benjamite, son of Bela 1 Ch 8:4. BDB אֲבִישׁוּעַ.2
† אֲבִישׁוּר n.pr.m. (my father is a wall, Sab. אבשור HalMA 148, cf. Assyrian Abudûru DlPr 202) son of Shammai 1 Ch 2:28, 29. BDB אֲבִישׁוּר.2
אֲבִישַׁי n.pr.m. (my father is Jesse; LagBN 75 thinks from אֲבֶן (= בֶּן) + ישׁי cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεσσα[ι] 1 S 26:6)—א׳ 1 S 26:6(×2) + 17 times 1 & 2 S = אַבְשַׁי 2 S 10:10 + 5 times 1 Ch.—grandson of Jesse; son of Zeruiah & brother of Joab 1 S 26:6(×2), 7, 8, 9 2 S 2:18, 24 + 20:6 (where read יואב 𝔖 Th We Dr) + 12 times 2 S + 20:7 (where insert אבישׁי 𝔊 We Dr) + 5 times 1 Ch. BDB אֲבִישַׁי.2
אֲבִישָׁלוֹם n.pr.m. (my father is peace; according to LagBN 75 = (בֶּן)אֲבֶן + שָׁלֹם, cf. 𝔊 Ἀβεσσαλωμ)—א׳ †1 K 15:2, 10 = אַבְשָׁלוֹם 2 S 3:3 +, 2 Ch 11:20, 21, אַבְשָׁלֹם 2 S 13:4 +—
1. Rehob.’s father-in-law †1 K 15:2, 10 2 Ch 11:20, 21.
2. 3rd son of Dvd 2 S 3:3; 13:1 + 90 times 2 S (insert 2 S 13:27 𝔊 Th We cf. Dr; del. v 38 Dr cf. We), + †1 K 1:6; 2:7, 2 1 Ch 3:2 ψ 3:1. BDB אֲבִישָׁלוֹם.2
אֶבְיָתָר n.pr.m. (the Great One is father (?) so BäRel. 156, cf. Sab. ותר) a priest, son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:20, 21, 22; 23:6, 9; 30:7(×2) 2 S 8:17 (read אב׳ בן־אחמלך so 𝔖 We Dr) + 22 times 2 S 1 K 1 Ch. BDB אֶבְיָתָר.2
† [אָבַךְ] vb. turn (?) (cf. Assyrian abâku DlW = הָפַךְ; Thes MV al. compare בוך)
Hithp. וַיִּתְאַבְּכוּ Is 9:17, roll, roll up, as volume of smoke (of Isr. under fig. of thickets of forest) v. De & cf. הִתִהַפֵּךְ Ju 7:3. BDB אָבַךְ.2
II. אבל (perhaps أَبَلَ grow green, cf. ܝܺܒܶܠ grass; LagBN 45 proposes أَبَلَ withstand, hence אָבֵל as withstanding scorching sun (protected by trees, springs, hence also (Lag) إِبِلٌ camel). conject. very dub.; connex. (Lag) of أَبَلَ withstand, with أُبُلٌ herbage, forage (sometimes dry) improb., and of latter with إِبِلٌ herd of camels obscure; √ meaning grow green unattested; Syriac ܝܺܒܶܠ, ܝܰܒܠܴܐ, ܝܰܒܠܴܐ, Talm יַבְלָא, Pun. ιεβαλ, ‘grass,’ appar. = a specific kind of fodder, ἄγρωστις, v. LöwNö 141 (GFM, privately).) BDB אבל.2
† אֲבָל adv.
1. in older Heb. with an asseverative force, verily, of a truth Gn 42:21 2 S 14:5 1 K 1:43 2 K 4:14, with a slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P).
2. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 21 Ezr 10:13 2 Ch 1:4; 19:3; 33:17 (cf. Arabic بَلْ of a truth, sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 94, 110, 129, 149, 165, 261; 3:143; 4:52 etc.) BDB אֲבָל.2
† אֵ֫בֶל n.m. Gn 50:11 mourning—abs. Gn 50:10 + 17 times; cstr. 27:41 + 3 times; אֶבְלֵךְ Is 60:20; אֶבְלָם Je 31:13—for dead, cstr. Gn 27:41 Dt 34:8 (‖ בּכי) so א׳ יָחִיד sim. for grievous mourning Am 8:10, id. metaph. Je 6:26 (‖ מִסְפַּד תַּמְרוּרִים); Gn 50:11(×2) Je 16:7 cf. 2 S 19:3 עשה א׳ Ez 24:17 (v. Co) sq. לְ Gn 50:10 (v. also ii. אָבֵל ad fin.); for calamity, Est 4:3; 9:22 (‖ יָגוֹן; contr. יוֹם טוֹב) Jb 30:31 (‖ קול בכים) Is 60:20; 61:3 (where appar. = mourning garb, sq. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה, v. also Bi Che on text; ‖ רוּחַ כֵּהָה; contr. שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֹן); Je 31:13 (‖ שׂשׂון), La 5:15 (‖ מָחוֹל), Am 5:16 (‖ מִסְפֵּד); cf. א׳ כִּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Mi 1:8; = time, period of mourning 2 S 11:27; בֵּית א׳ Ec 7:2 (‖ בּ׳ מִשְׁתֶּה, v 4 (‖ בּ׳ שִׂמְחָה); בִּגְדֵי א׳ garments of mourning 2 S 14:2. BDB אֵ֫בֶל.2
† I. אָבֵל adj. mourning—א׳ Gn 37:35 Est 6:12; cstr. אֲבֶל־ ψ 35:14; אֲבֵלִים Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 (cp. 50:11), calamity Est 6:12; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as subst. mourner; sg. ψ 35:14 (cstr.) for dead (‖ קדר; pl. Jb 29:25 abs.; for calamity Is 57:18; 61:2, 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di). BDB אָבֵל.2
† I. אָבַל39 vb. mourn (Assyrian [abâlu] v. DlW)—
Qal Pf. אָבַל Is 24:7 + 2 times etc. Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאֱבַל Ho 4:3 + 3 times—mourn, lament (poet. & higher style); abs., human subj. Jo 1:9 Am 8:8; 9:5 Is 19:8 (‖ אנה) cf. Jb 14:22 (subj. נַפְשׁוֹ); sq. על Ho 10:5; more often fig., inanim. subj., gates Is 3:26; land 24:4; 33:9 Ho 4:3 Jo 1:10 Je 4:28 (sq. על) 12:4; 23:10 cf. 12:11 (sq. על), יְהוּדָה 14:2; pastures Am 1:2.
Hithp. —Pf. הִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 15:35; Impf. יִתְאַבָּ֑ל Ez 7:12, 27; וַיִּתְאַבֵּל Gn 37:34 + 3 times etc.; Imv. fs. הִתְאַבְּלִי 2 S 14:2; Pt. מִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 16:1 + 2 times etc.;—mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, sq. על Gn 37:34 2 S 13:37; 14:2; 19:2 (‖ בכה) 2 Ch 35:24, cf. also Is 66:10 (over Jerusalem); abs. 1 Ch 7:22; cf. 2 S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress); over unworthy Saul sq. אֶל 1 S 15:35; 16:1; over sin sq. על Ezr 10:6 cf. (abs.) Ne 8:9; judgment of י׳ Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39 Ez 7:27 (del. B Co); sq. כִּי 1 S 6:19; calamity Ne 1:4 Ez 7:12 cf. Dn 10:2.
Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱבַלְתִּי Ez 31:15; Impf. וַיַּאֲבֶל־ La 2:8;—cause to mourn; Ez 31:15 abs. MT, but A B Co obj. תהום sq. על, caused the deep to mourn over; La 2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both these fig.; cf. Qal). BDB אָבַל.2
אֻבָל, אוּבַל v. יבל. BDB אֻבָל.2
אֵבֶל מִצְרַיִם v. אָבֵל מ׳ sub II. אבל. BDB אֵבֶל מִצְרַיִם.2
III. אבל (cf. Arabic أَبِلٌ able to manage camels, from إِبِلٌ, coll., Sab. אבל camel DHMZMG 1883, 329). BDB אבל².2
† II. אָבֵל n.f.
1. meadow (?) 1 S 6:18 MT but read אֶבֶן cf. v 14, 15 𝔊 𝔖 We Dr.
2. n.pr.loc. city in N. Isr. 2 S 20:18, near Beth Maacah v 14 = אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה v 15 (so also v 14 Ew Th We Klo Dr), 1 K 15:20 2 K 15:29; = א׳ מַיִם 2 Ch 16:4 (= Abil el Ḳamḥ. wheat-meadow NW. of Dan & S. of Mutulleh RobBR III, 372).
3. אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים n.pr.loc. (= acacia-meadow) in lowlands of Moab Nu 33:49; = שִׁטִּים Nu 25:1 Mi 6:5 (= Tel Kefrein (?) Tristr & MerrillPESoc. 4th Statement, 89).
4. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים n.pr.loc. (= vineyard-meadow) in Ammon Ju 11:33 (v. Euseb. Ἀβελαμπελων).
5. אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה n.pr.loc. (= dance-meadow) Ju 7:22 1 K 4:12; Elisha’s birthplace 19:16 (v. Euseb. Ἀβελμαελαι).
6. אָבֵל מִצְרַיִם n.pr.loc. (= meadow of Egypt, i.e. fertile as Egypt?) E. of Jordan Gn 50:11 (where interpr. as if אֵבֶל מ׳, so 𝔊 𝔙; v. Di). BDB אָבֵל².2
אֶ֫בֶן274 n.f. Gn 29:2 (m. 1 S 17:40?) stone (Assyrian abnu, = the sharp, projecting? v. DlW, Pr 107; Ph. אבן; Aramaic. אֶבֶן, ܐܰܒܢܳܐ; Ethiopic እብን Sab. אבנ[ם] DHMZMG 1883, 341) = א׳ abs. Gn 28:22 +; אָ֑בֶן 11:3 +; cstr. 49:24 +; sf. אַבְנוֹ 2 K 3:25; אֲבָנִים Gn 31:46 +, etc.;—a stone (large or small).
1. in natural state, used as pillow Gn 28:11, 18 (E); seat Ex 17:12 (E); cover of well Gn 29:3(×2), 8, 10 (J) causing one to stumble Is 8:14; marring good ground 2 K 3:19, 25; hand-missile Ex 21:18 (JE) Nu 35:17, 23 (P) 2 S 16:6, 13, especially in judicial stoning, with vb. רָגַם Lv 20:2, 27; 24:23 Nu 14:10; 15:35, 36 Jos 7:25a (all P), so also Dt 21:21 2 Ch 24:21 Ez 16:40; 23:47; cf. 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; with vb. סָקַל Dt 13:11; 17:5; 22:21, 24 1 K 21:13; also Jos 7:25b (JE or D); sling-stones Ju 20:16 1 S 17:40, 49(×2), 50 2 Ch 26:14; hurled by engines 2 Ch 26:15; set up for inscribing law Dt 27:2, 4, 8 Jos 8:32 (all D); as memorial Jos 4:3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 21 (JED) 1 S 7:12; as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 28:18; 35:14 (anointed with oil), 28:22 (= בֵּיתאֵל) cf. יִשְׂרָאֵל (רֹעֶה)א׳ Gn 49:24 (v. Di); as witness 31:45 cf. Jos 24:26, 27 (all JE); pl. gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Jos 7:26 (v. Di) 8:29 cf. 10:18, 27 (JE) 2 S 18:17; גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Gn 31:46(×2) (JE); built into altar Ex 20:25 Dt 27:5, 6 (JED) Jos 8:31 1 K 18:31, 32, 38; cf. 2 K 23:15 𝔊 Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) א׳ מַשְׂכִּית Lv 26:1 (H); א׳ גדולה where ark rested 1 S 6:14, 15 also v 18 (MT אבל q.v.); (v. for other noteworthy stones 9. infr.)
2. stone, as material, of tablets Ex 24:12; 31:18; 34:1 (pl.) v 4(×2) (JE) Dt 4:13; 5:19; 9:9, 10, 11; 10:1, 3; of vessels, hence prob. Ex 7:19 (P; א׳ = vessels of stone ‖ עצים) v. Di; idols (‖ עץ) Dt 4:28; 28:36, 64; 29:16 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; also Je 3:9 Ez 20:32; pavement 2 K 16:17; edifice 1 K 6:7 cf. Gn 11:3; also 2 S 5:11 2 K 12:13 1 Ch 22:15; often pl. of (worked) stones Lv 14:40, 42(×2), 43, 45 (P; in wall of house) 2 K 22:6 +, cf. of city-wall Ne 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 K 15:22 Ne 3:34; tomb Is 14:19; אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 K 5:31; 7:9, 10, 11 (v. also sub 3); אַבְנֵי־שַׁיִשׁ = marble (v. 𝔊) 1 Ch 29:2; אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 K 5:31 1 Ch 22:2 Ez 40:42 (for altar-tables),—cf. גָּזִית; א׳ מַחְצֵב 2 K 12:13; 22:6 2 Ch 34:11; foundation-stone, corner-stone Is 28:16 Je 51:26 Jb 38:6 ψ 118:22; cap-stone, completing the building, הָא׳ הָרִאשֹׁנָה Zc 4:7 (but v. רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה ψ 118:22 as above), Zc 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, prob. refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God’s watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, v. GutheZPV 1890, 129; stone-cutters חָרָשֵׁי א׳ 2 S 5:11 1 Ch 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָא׳ 2 K 12:13 cf. 1 Ch 22:2.
3. precious stone, gen. with modifying word א׳ יְקָרָה coll. 2 S 12:30 1 K 10:2 + often (v. 2); א׳ הַשֹׁהַם Gn 2:12 (J) cf. Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (P) 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ מִלֻּאִים Ex 25:7; 35:9, 27 cf. 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ סַפִּיר Ez 1:26; 10:1; אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Is 54:12; א׳ חֵפֶץ ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ חֵן Pr 17:8; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ez 28:14, 16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išâti (?) v. DlPa 118 & W 40; but Sm al. thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifier Ex 25:7; 35:9; חָרַשׁ א׳ engraver in stone Ex 28:11 cf. 31:5; 35:33 (P).
†4. stones containing metal, = ore, Dt 8:9 (v. Di) Jb 28:2 cf. v. 3.
†5. a weight, as orig. stone (v. Pr 27:3 cf. Eng. weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי־כִיס Pr 16:11 (cf. Assyrian DlW 38); א׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 S 14:26 (i.e. according to royal standard; cf. COT Gn 23:16); א׳ וָא׳ Dt 25:13 Pr 20:10, 23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mi 6:11; just weights אַבְנֵי־צֶדֶק Lv 19:36; א׳ שְׁלֵמָה Pr 11:1; hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zc 5:8.
†6. plummet Is 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, cf. on sense 2 K 21:13 Am 7:7, 8); also made of metal הא׳ הַבְּדִּיל Zc 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).
†7. objectslike stones; partic. hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Jos 10:11 cf. Is 30:30; א׳ אֶלְגָּבִישׁ Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; but also גְּדֹלוֹת אֲבָנִים Jos 10:11 (E) (cf. Assyrian DlW 38); lime-stones אַבְנֵי־גִד Is 27:9.
8. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water Ex 15:5 = Ne 9:11; motionlessness Ex 15:16; strength Jb 6:12; firmness 41:16; solidity (of ice) 38:30; in prose, of commonness 1 K 10:27 2 Ch 1:15; also metaph. of one in fear 1 S 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, cf. Ex 15:16 supr.); לֵב הָא׳ = perverse, hard heart Ez 11:19; 36:26; אַבְנֵי־נֵזֶר Zc 9:16 (of ransomed Isr.)—א׳ personif. Hb 2:11 cf. v 19; cf. Ez 13:11 (v. 7 supr.)
†9. In topogr. terms (nearly = n.pr.); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Jos 15:6; 18:17; א׳ הָעֶזֶר 1 S 5:1 cf. 7:12, also 4:1 (We Dr); הָא׳ הָאָ֑זֶל 1 S 20:19, read הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאז v. 𝔊 here & v 41 (We Dr Klo); א׳ הַזֹּחֶלֶת 1 K 1:9 (where WeSkizzen III,171 comp. Ar. Zuḥal = Saturn). BDB אֶ֫בֶן.2
† [אֹבֶן] n.[m.] wheel, disc.—Du. הָאָבְנָ֑יִם—
1. potter’s wheel Je 18:3 (two discs revolving one above the other; name from likeness to mill-stones; v. AW18).
2. עַל־הָא׳ Ex 1:16 prob. = sella parturientis, = δίφροι λοχειαῖοι bearing-stool, midwife’s stool (fr. likeness to potter’s wheel; on custom of labor upon stool v. PlossDas Weib, 2nd ed. ii, 35, 179 etc. & Cesnola Coll. fr. Cyprus, Metrop. Mus., N. York, No. 614, terra cotta fig. fr. 4th or 5th cent. b.c.; Descriptive Atlas of Cesn. Coll. I, pl. lxvi. No. 435; cf. W. H. W[ard]PESoc. 2nd Statement 1873, p. 76). SpiegelbergZA xiv (1900), 269 ff.; Randglossen 19 ff. expl. as the two stones [read אַבְנַיִם], i.e. bearing-stool of ‘stones’ = bricks, tiles. BDB אֹבֶן.2
אבנה Kt 2 K 5:12 v. ii. אֲמָנָה. BDB אבנה.2
אַבְנֵט v. בנט. BDB אַבְנֵט.2
† אַבְנֵט n.[m.] girdle—א׳ abs. Ex 28:4 +; אַבְנֵֽטְךָ֨ Is 22:21; cstr. Ex 39:29; אַבְנֵטִים Ex 28:40;—girdle, of high priest Ex 28:4, 39; 39:29 Lv 8:7; 16:4; of priests Ex 28:40; 29:9 Lv 8:13 (all P); of high official Is 22:21.—Josephusiii. 7. 2 ἀβανήθ; cf. further LagGes. Abh. 39. described JosAnt. iii. 7, 2 as a sash wound round breast several times and falling to the feet; in 𝔗 𝔖 הֶמְיָן (Pers.) a money-bag wound round body StaThLZ, 1894, 236. BDB אַבְנֵט².2
אַבְנֵר v. אֲבִינֵר sub II. אָבָה. BDB אַבְנֵר.2
† [אָבַס] vb. feed, fatten (Mish. id.;? Ass. [abâsu] DlW 46)
Qal Pt. pass. fattened, אָבוּס of ox Pr 15:17; אֲבוּסִים of fowl 1 K 5:3. BDB אָבַס.2
אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת v. בוע. BDB אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת.2
† אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת n.f.pl. blisters, boils (𝔗 אֲבַעְבּוּעְיָן; cf. 𝔗 בֶּעְבַּע, NH בַּעְבּוּעַ בּוּעָה, Syriac ܒܰܥܒܘܽܥ̈ܝܴܬܳܐ ) Ex 9:9 שְׁחִין פֹּרֵחַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת, cf. v 10. BDB אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת².2
אבץ (meaning unknown). BDB אבץ.2
† [אֶ֫בֶץ] n.pr.loc. city in Issachar, אָ֑בֶץ Jos 19:20. BDB אֶ֫בֶץ.2
† אִבְצָן n.pr.m. judge of Isr. Ju 12:8, 10 (LagGN 1891, 19 (אֲ)בֶן צָן, 𝔊 Ἀβεσσαν, 𝔖 ܐܰܒܝܨܳܢ ). BDB אִבְצָן.2
אבק (Ar. أَبَقَ run away (cf. LagBN 51)). BDB אבק.2
† [אָבַק] vb.denom.
Niph. wrestle (= get dusty, cf. κόνις, κονίω, v. also StrPirke Aboth, I, 4 מִתְאַבֵּק בַּעֲפַר רַגְלֵיהֶם = sit at their feet; others, e.g. Di, comp. חבק). וַיֵּאָבֵק עִם Gn 32:25; Inf. sf. בְּהֵאָֽבְקוֹ עִם v 26. BDB אָבַק.2
† אָבָק n.m. Ez 26:10 dust—א׳ Dt 28:24 + 3 textual; cstr. אֲבַק Na 1:3; sf. אֲבָקָם Ez 26:10—dust (?fleeing, flying; syn. עָפָר = oft. dust lying on or composing ground) Ex 9:9 Ez 26:10 Dt 28:24 (‖ עָפָר) Is 5:24 (‖ מָק) 29:5 (‖ מֹץ); fig. of clouds under Yahweh’s feet Na 1:3. BDB אָבָק.2
† [אֲבָקָה or אַבְקָה] n.f. prob. coll., cstr. אַבְקַת רוֹכֵל Ct 3:6 powders of merchant = scent-powders. (On formation cf. LagBN 81.) BDB אֲבָקָה.2
אבר (cf. Assyrian abâru, be firm, strong DlW) BDB אבר.2
† אֵ֫בֶר n.[m.] pinions (from strength, poet. & fig., pl. in sense) as of dove ψ 55:7; eagle Is 40:31; אֶרֶךְ הָא׳ of king, of Babyl. under fig. of eagle Ez 17:3 (‖ גְּדוֹל הַכְּנָפַיִם of broad, overshadowing wings). BDB אֵ֫בֶר.2
† [אָבַר] vb.denom.
Hiph. fly (= move pinions); of hawk יַאֲבֶר־נֵץ Jb 39:26. BDB אָבַר.2
† אֶבְרָה n.f. pinion (nom. unit., poet.) of ostrich Jb 39:13; אֶבְרָתוֹ of eagle, sim. for י׳ Dt 32:11; metaph. of י׳ ψ 91:4; אֶבְרוֹתֶיהָ of dove ψ 68:14; (all ‖ כּנף). BDB אֶבְרָה.2
אַבְרָהָם v. אַבְרָם sub II. אבה. BDB אַבְרָהָם.2
† אַבְרֵךְ proclaimed before Joseph Gn 41:43 (mng. dub.; many Egypt. deriv. proposed; e.g. a-bor-k, Copt. = prostrate thyself! BenfeyVerh. d. äg. Spr. z. Sem. 302 f; āprek, = head bowed! ChabasRA I—but ā = ע, v. also WiedemannAltäg. Wörter 1883, 8; aprex-u, head of the wise, HarkavyBerl. äg. Zeftschr. 1869; ȧb-rek, rejoice thou! CookSpeaker’s Comm. Gn. ad loc. and p. 482; Lepage RenoufPSBA Nov. 1888, 5 f ȧb(u)-rek, thy command is our desire, i.e. we are at thy service; SayRel. Bab. 183 As. abrikku = Ak. abrik, vizier (unpub. tabl.), v. already DlW; L 134 c., 1. 11. 12 who cp. As. abarakku = title, perh. grand vizier; against Dl, v. COT & NöZMG 1886, 734). SpiegelbergRandglossen 14 ff. expl. as Egyptian ʾbrk = give attention!). BDB אַבְרֵךְ.2
אַבְרָם n.pr.m. (id., Thes al. exalted father) Abram Gn 11:26, 27 + 57 times Gn (to 17:5) + 1 Ch 1:27 Ne 9:7; = אַבְרָהָם Abraham Gn 17:5, 9, 15 + 172 times OT. (אברהם connected Gn 17:5 by word-play with הם of המון; really = אברם—רום = רהם which however is not found in Heb.—cf. Di > Hal RÉJ 1887, 177 f who proposes אֲבִר הַם גּוֹיִם cf. Gn 49:24 with Is 41:21; so that אֲבִר הָם chief of multitude is the new name of Gn 17:5 (הָם) √המה). SpiegelbergRandglossen 14 cp. Pal. n.pr. geogr. ḥḳrʾ ʾbrru = חקל אברם (c. Egyptian art. masc.), in Sheshonk list. As regards etym., Nöl.c. al. expl. as ‘the father [a divine title] is exalted’ (cf. יְהוֹרָם, מַלְכִּירָם, [אֲ]חִירָם). BDB אַבְרָם.2
אַבְרָם, אַבְשַׁי v. אֲבִירָם, אֲבִישַׁי sub II. אבה. BDB אַבְרָם².2
אַבְשָׁלוֹם, אַבְשָׁלֹם v. אֲבִישָׁלוֹם sub II. אבה. BDB אַבְשָׁלוֹם.2
† אֹבֹת n.pr.loc. (water-skins) station of Isr. in wildern. Nu 21:10, 11; 33:43, 44; not yet determ., prob. on eastern skirts of Idumæa not far from Moab; according to Wetzst in De Ct 168 Wêba, وَيْبَة in the Arabah, but identif. not prob.; cf. Di on Nu 21:10. BDB אֹבֹת.2
אגא (cf. Ar. أَجَأَ flee Frey). Authority for Arabic vb. أَجَأَ flee is slender, but word occurs as n.pr.mont., and elsewhere (GFM, privately). BDB אגא.2
† אָגֵא n.pr.m. (fugitive?) father of a hero of David 2 S 23:11 (ins. also 1 Ch 11:13 DrSm). BDB אָגֵא.2
† אֲגָג (אֲגַג Nu 24:7) n.pr.m. (violent? As.agâgu DlW) king of Amalek 1 S 15:8, 9, 20, 32(×3), 33, also Nu 24:7 (E), as symbol of might; (Is א׳ then title? v. Di). BDB אֲגָג.2