† [שֹׁ֫עַל] n.[m.] hollow hand, handful;—
1. hollow hand: sf. בְּשָׁעֳלוֹ Is 40:12 (fig. of י׳ holding waters).
2. handful: pl. שְׁעָלִים 1 K 20:10 (dust, in hyperb.); cstr. שַׁעֲלֵי שְׂעֹרִים (as if from [שַׁ֫עַל] Kö ii. 1. 35) Ez 13:19 handfuls of barley. BDB שֹׁ֫עַל.2
I. שׁעל (√ of following; NH שַׁעַל deep, depth, of sea; Aramaic שְׁעוֹלָא, שָׁעֳלָא, ܫܽܘܥܠܴܐ = BH [שֹׁעַל]). BDB שׁעל.2
II. שׁעל (√ of foll.; NH שׁוּעָל, שׁעל; Arabic ثُعَالٌ, ثُعَالَةُ; Aramaic תַּעֲלָא, ܬܰܥܠܴܐ, all = BH שׁוּעָל). BDB שׁעל².2
† שַׁעַלְבִים n.pr.loc. (perhaps haunt of foxes; Arabic ثَعْلَبٌ, Assyrian šêlibu, fox);—in (orig.) territory of Dan, Ju 1:35 (cf. GFM, on etym. and site), 1 K 4:9, Θαλαβειν, Σαλαβειμ, Ju also αἱ ἀλώπεκες, as doublet, or (A 𝔊L) alone; = שַׁעֲלַבִּין Jos 19:42, Σα(α)λαβειν. BDB שַׁעַלְבִים.2
שַׁעֲלַבִּין v. foregoing. BDB שַׁעֲלַבִּין.2
† שַׁעַלְבֹנִי adj.gent. (of foregoing?);—2 S 23:32 = 1 Ch 11:33; ὁ Σαλβωνείτης, Σαλαβωνι, etc. BDB שַׁעַלְבֹנִי.2
† שְׁעָלִים n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ 1 S 9:4, Εασακεμ, A Σααλειμ, 𝔊L Σεγαλειμ; near Michmash SchickZPV iv. 248; not identified; = שַׁעַלְבִים We Dr Now; cf. ii. שׁוּעָל Th HPS Bu. BDB שְׁעָלִים.2
שׁעם √ assumed by Thes for מִשְׁעָם n.pr. q.v. BDB שׁעם.2
† [שָׁעַן] vb.
Niph. lean, support oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִשְׁעַן Nu 21:15; Is 10:20; 1 pl. נִשְׁעַנּוּ 2 Ch 14:10, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁעֵן Jb 8:15 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. הִשָּׁעֲנוּ Gn 18:4; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁעֵן Is 10:20, sf. הִשָּׁעֶנְךָ 2 Ch 16:7, 8, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁעָן 2 S 1:6 +;—lean, c. עַל upon, 2 S 1:6; 2 K 5:18; 7:2, 17, against pillars Ju 16:26, house Jb 8:15 (fig.); תַּחַת הָעֵץ Gn 18:4 (J); poet. of cliff, וְנִשׁ׳ לנְּבוּל Nu 21:15 leans to (upon) the border of Moab; lean (fig. = trust) upon, עַל pers. king Is 10:20; Ez 29:7; 2 Ch 16:7; עַל־י׳ Mi 3:11; Is 10:20; 2 Ch 13:18; 14:10; 16:7, 8; בֵּאלֹהָיו Is 50:10; abs. Jb 24:23; עַל־סוּסִים Is 31:1; על c. n. abstr. 30:12 c. אֶל Pr 3:5. BDB שָׁעַן.2
† I. [שָׁעַע] vb. be smeared over, blinded (Aramaic שְׁעַע smear (akin to שׁוּעַ id.), ܐܰܫܰܥ to smooth, שָׁעִיעַ smooth (of words), flattering, ܫܰܥܺܝܥ smooth (cf. also ܫܘܥ, ܫܳܥ smear over, close up));—
Qal Imv. +
Hithpalp. Imv. mpl. הִשְׁתַּעַשְׁעוּ וָשֹׁ֑עוּ Is 29:9 blind yourselves and be blind! (‖ הִתְמַהְמְהוּ וּתִמָ֔הוּ); > Buhl הִשְׁתָּעוּ וּשְׁעוּ, √ שׁעה look about (2 S 22:42); Is 32:3 read prob. 3 fpl. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה, of eyes, be blinded (v. שׁעה).
Hiph. Imv. ms. וְעֵינָיו הָשַׁ֑ע Is 6:10 and its eyes besmear!—So perhaps הָשַׁע ψ 39:14 (עֵינֶיךָ om.) was intended by Mas. (but wrongly, v. Ol al.); see שָׁעָה. BDB שָׁעַע.2
† II. [שָׁעַע] vb. Pilp., etc., sport, take delight in, delight (usually made = I. שׁ׳ smooth over, please; Buhl cp. Aramaic ܫܥܳܐ, Ithpe. sport, trifle, Vulg.Ar. مشعشع (loan-word?) VollersZMG xiv (1891), 86, 1. 3);—
Pilp. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשִׁעֲשַׁע Is 11:8 the suckling shall sport on (עַל) the cobra’s hole; 1 s. שִׁעֲשָׁ֑עְתִּי ψ 119:70 I take delight in thy law (acc.; but? read שַׁעֲשֻׁעָ֑י, v 77); Impf. transit. 3 mpl. יְשַׁעַשְׁעוּ ψ 94:19 thy consolations delight my soul (acc.).
Polp. Impf. 2 mpl. תְּשָֽׁעֳשָׁ֑עוּ Is 66:12 upon (עַל) the knees shall ye be fondled.
Hithpalp. Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע ψ 119:16 in (ב) thy statutes will I delight myself, cf. v 47. BDB שָׁעַע².2
† שַׁ֫עַף n.pr.m. in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, 𝔊L Σααφ;—
1. שׁ׳ 1 Ch 2:49.
2. שָׁ֑עַף v 47. BDB שַׁ֫עַף.2
שׂעף (√ of foll.; Thes al. identif. with סעף divide (q.v.), whence foll. as branching out, involved; BAES 56 cp. شَغَفَ strike the (شَغَافٌ) pericardium, شَغِفَ be disquieted by a thing). BDB שׂעף.2
† שְׂעִפִּים n.[m.]pl. disquietings, = disquieting or excited thoughts;—שׂ׳ Jb 4:13; sf. שְׂעִפַּי (Baer שְׂעִיפַּי) Jb 20:2 (‖ חוּשִׁי). BDB שְׂעִפִּים.2
שֵׂעָר27 n.m.Lv 13:3 hair;—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 25:25 +, cstr. שְׂעַר Ju 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Is 7:20 (Ges§ 93 hh Köii. 1. 78); sf. שְׂעָרֵךְ Ez 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵךְ Ct 4:1, 6:5 (Köl.c.); שְׂעָרוֹ Lv 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v 20, שְׂעָרָהֿ v 4 (Ges§ 91 e);—hair:
1. of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳ Gn 25:25 (J), Zc 13:4; prob. also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳ 2 K 1:8 i.e. a man with a garment of skin.
2. human: שׂ׳ רֹאשׁוֹ Ju 16:22 2 S 14:26 Nu 6:5 (P), cf. v 18 (P); + beard Ezr 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳ ψ 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Lv 14:8, 9, 10 (P); שׂ׳ הָרַגְלַיִם Is 7:20 (i.e. of genitals; + רֹאשׁ, זָקָן; in fig.) long hair of woman Ez 16:7 Ct 4:1; 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-) marks Lv 13:3 + 10 times 13 (P). BDB שֵׂעָר.2
† I. שַׂ֫עַר n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ abs., as acc. cogn. Ez 27:35; 32:10 v. foregoing; cf. אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Jb 18:20 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ עַל). BDB שַׂ֫עַר.2
I. שַׁ֫עַר373 n.m. 2 S 18:24 (f. Is 14:31 in personif., AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 86) gate;—שׁ׳ abs. Ju 9:40 +, cstr. Gn 22:17 +; c. ה loc., שָׁ֑עְרָה Is 28:6 +; pl. שְׁעָרִים 2 S 18:24 +, cstr. שַׁעֲרֵי 1 S 17:52 +; sf. שְׁעָרֶיךָ Dt 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ez 21:20; 48:34, etc.;—
1. a. gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Jos 2:5, 7 (JE), cf. Is 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Ne 7:3, cf. Is 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Je 17:19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27; La 4:12; Ez 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Mi 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Is 62:10; with bars ψ 147:13; attacked Ez 21:20, 27, cf. Is 28:6; Mi 1:9, 12; 1 S 17:52; on Ju 5:8, 11 v. Comm.; burned (by foe) Je 19:27; 51:58; Ne 1:3; 2:3, 13, 17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Gn 22:17; 24:60 (J); פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Ju 9:40 + (v. פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 21:14 + (v. ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Ju 18:16, 17 of farm or village; so of camp Ex 32:26, 27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof 2 S 18:24, upper chamber 19:1; cf. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם ψ 24:7, 9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Dt 6:9 (+ עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), 11:20 (+ id.); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, 1 S 4:18, + v 13 𝔊 Th We Dr al., cf. 2 S 15:2; 18:4 Pr 8:3 (‖ מְבוֹא פְתָחִים). b. particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם 2 K 14:13 ‖ 2 Ch 25:23; Ne 8:16; 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Ne 2:13; 3:14; 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Je 37:13; 38:7; Zc 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הנַּיִא Ne 2:13; 15; 3:13 2 Ch 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Zp 1:10; Ne 3:3; 12:39; 2 Ch 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7, cf. Je 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Je 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָח Ne 3:6; 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַמּֽ֑יִם 8:1, 3, 16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח 3:26, cf. 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן 2:14; 3:15; 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Je 31:40; Ne 3:28 (cf. 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה 2 K 14:13 ‖ 2 Ch 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Je 31:38; 2 Ch 26:9; prob. = שׁ׳ הָפִּנִּים Zc 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Ne 3:1, 32; 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zc 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other v. RS-GASmEncy. Bib. jerusalem ConderHast DB id. BuhlG. 133 ff. Bd.Pai. s. v. MurrayHd. Bk. s.v. Be-RyNe p. 182 ff. GuZPV, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff. Comm.ad loc. var. c. of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Ez 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v 31(×4) + 12 times Ez 48.
2. a. gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market 2 K 7:1, 18, place of public well 2 S 23:15, 16 = 1 Ch 11:17, 18; where elders, judges, king, sat officially Dt 21:19; 22:15; Am 5:12, 15; Is 29:21; 2 S 18:24; 19:9; 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9; Gn 19:1 (J) Pr 24:7; Jb 5:4; 31:21; Ru 4:1, 11; Pr 31:23, 31, etc.; of conqueror Je 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Gn 19:2 (J) Ne 8:16; 1 Ch 9:16 + (v. i. ר׳); Gn 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ 23:10, 18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Jb 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Gn 34:24(×2) (P; cf. also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Dt 21:19; 22:15, 24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Ru 3:11. b. hence also = city Is 14:31 (‖ עִיר), ψ 87:2, etc. c. specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Dt 5:14 = Ex 20:10; Dt 12:12, 15, 17, 21 + 22 times Dt + 1 K 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, cf. Dt 18:6; 23:17, so 𝔊; 𝔖 mod.), so ‖ 2 Ch 6:28, + (perhaps) Je 14:2 (but 15:7 Na 3:13 fig. of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Pr 14:19 (perhaps cf. Ju 18:16 1 a supr.).
3. a. gate of royal castle or palace 2 K 9:31; Je 22:2, 4; Ne 2:8; Est 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר 2 K 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד 2 Ch 23:5 (v. ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים 2 K 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v 6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 23:15 (= מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ ‖ 2 K 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ 2 K 23:8. b. of temple Je 7:2(×2) 1 Ch 9:23; 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2 (v. מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), cf. ψ 100:4; 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v 19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Je 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) 2 K 15:35 = 2 Ch 27:3; Ez 9:2; 2 Ch 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Je 26:10; 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ez 8:3 cf. v 14, 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי 10:19; 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת 1 Ch 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 9:18. c. of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Ez 40:3, 6; 44:11, 17 + 67 times Ez 40—47. d. of court of tabern. (P), שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Ex 27:16; 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Nu 4:36.
4. fig. זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 28:17 (E; ‖ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); pl. שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Is 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Jb 38:17 ψ 9:14; 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Jb 38:17. BDB שַׁ֫עַר.2
† I. שָׂעִר adj. hairy;—ms. אִישׁ שׂ׳ Gn 27:11; fpl. יָדָיו שְׂעִרֹת v 23 (J). BDB שָׂעִר.2
† [שָׂעַר] vb.denom. bristle, with horror;—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׂעֲרוּ שַׂעַר Ez 27:35 (‖ שָׁמַם עַל, רָֽעֲמוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׂעֲרוּ עָלֶיךָ שַׂעַר 32:10 (‖ שָׁמַם Hiph.); Imv. mpl. שַׂעֲרוּ Je 2:12 (‖ שֹׁמּוּ עַל־).—Dt 32:17 v. III. שׂער. BDB שָׂעַר.2
† II. שָׁעַר vb. calculate, reckon (NH Pi. J.Aram Pa. put a valuation on, estimate; J.Aram; שַׁעֲרָא interest, market-price; Arabic سِعْرٌ market-price is loan-word Frä189);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא Pr 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but dub.: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conj. in Bi Toy. BDB שָׁעַר.2
שֹׁעֵר37 n.m. porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—abs. שׁוֹ׳ 2 Ch 31:14, cstr. שֹׁ׳ 2 K 7:10; 1 Ch 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת 2 S 4:6 (for MT בֹּאוּ עַד תּ[וֹךְ]) We Dr HPS Bu Now after 𝔊 (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); pl. שֹׁעֲרִים 2 K 7:11 + cstr. שֹׁעֲרֵי 2 Ch 23:4;—porter of city gate 2 K 7:10, 11 (2 S 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We Dr and most); portress of houses 2 S 4:6 (v. supr.); elsewhere (34 times Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary 1 Ch 9:17, 18, 24 +; 4,000 in no., 23:5; שׁ׳ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v 22; שׁ׳ לָאָרוֹן 15:23, 24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים 2 Ch 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezr 2:42. BDB שֹׁעֵר.2
† [שֹׁעָר] adj. >horrid, disgusting (BaNB 167);—pl. כַּתְּאֵנִים הַשֹּׁעָרִים Je 29:17 (uneatable). BDB שֹׁעָר.2
I. שׂער (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic شَعِرَ be hairy, شَعْرٌ, شَعَرٌ, hair, so NH = BH, Ethiopic ሥዔርት Aramaic סַעְרָא or (שׂ׳), ܣܰܥܪܳܐ, ܣܥܰܪܬܳܐ; Assyrian šârtu, hairy skin; on Gk. deriv. v. LewyFremdw. 86, Egyptian v. Bondi64 WMM99). BDB שׂער.2
I. שׁער (√ of foll.; Arabic ثَغَرَ break, break off, through, ثَعْرٌ gap, opening; Ethiopic ሰዐረ: tear in two, dissolve; Aramaic ܬܪܰܥ (transp.) split, divide, תְּרַע tear down; NH שַׁעַר gate, so MI 22 שעריה (pl. sf.), Ph. שער Lzb381; TelAm. šaḫri, as Canaanism, Wkl195, 1. 16; Aramaic תַּרְעָא, ܬܰܪܥܳܐ: Nab. תרעא Lzb388;—Egyptian šạār is loan-word Bondi70). BDB שׁער.2
† II. שַׂ֫עַר n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only cstr. שׂ׳ קָ֑טֶב Is 28:2 a storm of destruction (in sim.; ‖ זֶרֶם בָּרָד). BDB שַׂ֫עַר².2
† II. [שַׁ֫עַר] n.[m.] measure (proposes reckoning);—pl. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Gn 26:12 (J) 100 measures, i.e. 100 for one = 100-fold. BDB שַׁ֫עַר².2
† II. [שָׂעַר] vb. sweep or whirl away (of storm-wind) (= סָעַר, q.v.; Assyrian šâru, wind, DlHWB 635; > Thes1334 cp. I. שׂער);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׂעָרֶנּוּ ψ 58:10 fig. he (י׳) shall sweep it away.
Niph. Pf. 3 fs. impers. נִשְׂעֲרָה ψ 50:3 round about him it is tempestuous exceedingly.
Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וִישַׂעֲרֵ֫הוּ Jb 27:21 and it [an E. wind] shall whirl him away from (מִן) his place.
Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. וְיִשְׂתָּעֵר עָלָיו Dn 11:40 the kg. shall storm against him. BDB שָׂעַר².2
IV. שׂער (assumed as √ of foll.). BDB שׂער².2
III. שׁער (√ of following). BDB שׁער².2
† III. [שָׂעַר] vb. perhaps be acquainted with (Arabic شَعَرَ perceive [Sab. שער id.? HomChrest. 124]; cf. Aramaic סְֶעַר ܣܥܰܪ, visit, inspect, BAES 67 RS in Dr Dt PerlesAnal. 79);—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. שְׂעָרוּם Dt 32:17 new gods, with whom your fathers had no acquaintance (𝔊 εἴδησαν; ‖ יְדָעוּם); usually fear, Thes revere with awe, Dr shudder before, [שָׂעַר] denom., although not elsewherec.acc. pers. BDB שָׂעַר³.2
† שְׂעָרָה n.f. id. (= סְעָרָה);—of way of י׳בְּסוּפָה וּבִשׂ׳ Na 1:3; fig. of י׳’s judgments; אֲשֶׁר־בִּשׂ׳ יְשׁוּפֵנִי Jb 9:17. BDB שְׂעָרָה.2
† שְׂעֹרָה n.f. barley (bearded grain; 𝔊 κριθή, 𝔙 hordeum; NH id.; Sab. שערם Glass in FellZMG liv (1900), 256, Arabic شَعِيرٌ; Old Aramaic שערה, 𝔗 סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Di260 cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ wheat, grain);—abs. שׂ׳ Ex 9:31 +; usually pl. שְׂעֹרִים Ho 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often ‖ חִטָּה, etc.):
1. growing, standing, sg. Ex 9:31(×2) (J), Dt 8:8 Jb 31:40 Jo 1:11, as sown Is 28:25; standing, pl. 2 S 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ 1 Ch 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים 2 S 21:9 Ru 1:22; 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ 3:2.
2. pl., the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Ho 3:2(×2) Ez 4:9; 13:19; 45:13 2 K 7:1, 16, 18 Je 41:8 2 Ch 2:9, 14; 27:5 Ru 2:17; 3:15, 17, 2 S 17:28 1 K 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Lv 27:16 (P); קֶמַח שׂ׳ Nu 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Ju 7:13 2 K 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Ez 4:12. BDB שְׂעֹרָה.2
† שַׂעֲרָה n.f. a hair, nom. unit (Ges§ 122 times);—abs. Ju 20:16: cstr. in phr. מִשַּׂעֲרַת רֹאשׁוֹ 1 S 14:45 a single hair of his head, cf. 2 S 14:11 1 K 1:52 (v. מִן 3 b (d), Dr 1 S 14:45); שׂ׳ בְּשָׂרִי Jb 4:15 (appar. n. coll., 𝔊 𝔙 and most; Buhl proposes pl.); pl. cstr. שַׂעֲרוֹת רֹאשִׁי ψ 40:13; 69:5 (both as numerous). BDB שַׂעֲרָה.2
† שַׁעֲרוּרָה n.f. horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳ Je 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳ רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ 23:14. BDB שַׁעֲרוּרָה.2
† שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה, שַׁעֲרֻרִית n.f. id.;—abs. רָאִיתִי שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה Ho 6:10 Qr (> Kt שׁערירית); שַׁעֲרֻרִת עָֽשְׂתָה בְּתוּלַת יִשׂ׳ Je 18:13. BDB שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה.2
† שְׁעַרְיָה n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:38 = 9:44, Σαρ(α)ια, Σααρια. BDB שְׁעַרְיָה.2
† שְׂעֹרִים n.pr.m. priest 1 Ch 24:8; Σεωρειμ. BDB שְׂעֹרִים.2
† שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם n.pr.loc.
1. in the Shephelah of Judah (BuhlGeogr. 194) Jos 15:36, Σακαρειμ, 𝔊L Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ 1 S 17:52 (𝔊 τῶν πυλῶν).
2. in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם 1 Ch 4:31, Σεωρειμ, 𝔊L Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן (q.v.) Jos 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִים (in Negeb of Judah) 15:32; BuhlGeogr. 185. BDB שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם.2
† שַׁעַשְׁגַּז n.m. pers. Est 2:14, Γαι. BDB שַׁעַשְׁגַּז.2
† [שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים] -שׁוּעִים n.[m.]pl. intens. delight (BaNB 206);—abs. -שׁוּעִים Je 31:20 Pr 8:30; sf. -שׁוּעָיו Is 5:7, usually -שֻׁעַי Pr 8:31 ψ 119:24, -שֻׁעָ֑י v 77 + 3 times;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳ Is 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳ Je 31:20 (‖ בֵּן יַקִּיר); שׁ׳ אֶת־ Pr 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v 30; God’s law, etc., ψ 119:24, 77, 92, 143, 174. BDB שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים.2
שְׂפֹדְנָה Je 49:3 Mas, < mod. edd. ס׳ v. ספד. BDB שְׂפֹדְנָה.2
שָׂפָה176 n.f. [m. Ex 28:32, edge, cf. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 76], lip, speech, edge;—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 11:1 +, cstr. שְׂפַת v 7 +; sf. שְׂפָתוֹ 1 K 7:23 +, etc.; oftener du. שְׂפָתַיִם Is 6:5 +, cstr. שִׂפְתֵי ψ 12:4 +; sf. שְׂפָתַי Je 17:16 +, sf. 3 mpl. שְׂפָתֵימוֹ ψ 59:13; 140:4, 10, etc.; pl. (poet. and late) cstr. שִׂפְתוֹת Ec 10:12, sf. שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. ψ 45:3; 59:8 Is 59:3 Ct 4:3, 11; 5:13;—
1. lip: a. usually (c. 108 times) human organ of speech (often ‖ פֶּה לָשׁוֹן, rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 times Jb; 25 times ψψ; 45 times Pr): (1) Is 29:13 Lv 5:4 (P), Jb 13:6 Mal 2:6 ψ 12:5 Pr 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳ ψ 141:3 (v. דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳ Jb 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳ Pr 10:8 = one talking folly, so v 10 (MT; but v. Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Is 6:5(×2) cf. v 7 Dn 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳ Ex 6:12, 30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳ Pr 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳ 20:19 v. [פָּתָה]; מוֹצָא שׂ׳ i.e. utterance, Dt 23:24 Je 17:16 Nu 30:13 (P), ψ 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳ Is 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳ ψ 59:13 Pr 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word 2 K 18:20 = Is 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳ Pr 18:20, נוב שׂ׳ Is 57:19 (thanksgiving), cf. Ho 14:3 𝔊𝔖 and most פְּרִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳ Pr 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת ψ 12:3, 4; cf. שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה ψ 17:1, שׂ׳ שֶׁקֶר 31:9 + 4 times, שְׂפַת אָוֶן Pr 17:4; poison beneath (cf. לָשׁוֹן) ψ 140:4 (fig.); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳ Pr 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳ 4:24; שׂ׳ אֱמֶת 12:19, שׂ׳ יָ֑תֶר 17:7, שׂ׳ צֶדֶק 16:13, שׂ׳ דַּעַת 14:7; 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳ 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zp 3:9; שׂ׳ רְנָנוֹת ψ 63:5 i.e. lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳ (to speak) Jb 11:5; 30:20 (Gi v 21), cf. ψ 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳ Pr 8:6; פֹּשֵׂק שׂ׳ 13:3 i.e. prate; שׂ׳ מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם Is 30:27; שׂ׳ subj. of דִּבֶּר Is 59:3 Pr 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳ ψ 16:4; קָרַץ שׂ׳ Pr 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳ 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂךְ שׂ׳ 10:19, שׂ׳ כָּלָא ψ 40:10. †(2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ 1 S 1:13, נִיד Jb 16:5. †(3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Ez 36:3; = ability to speak Jb 12:20. †b. organ of laughter Jb 8:21. †c. of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳ ψ 22:8. †d. quivering in terror Hb 3:16. †e. feature of beauty Ct 4:3 (scarlet). f. place of bridle 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29 (v. מֶתֶג) †g. receiving kiss Pr 24:26 cf. Ct 4:11 and (in fig.) 7:10. †h. of divine speech, מִצְוִת שׂ׳ Jb 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳ ψ 17:4.
†2. language (v. לָשׁוֹן), Gn 11:1, 6, 7(×2), 9 ψ 81:6; עַם עִמְגֵי שׂ׳ Ez 3:5, 6 Is 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳ 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew).
3. edge: shore of sea Gn 22:17 (J) + 7 times; bank of river Gn 41:3, 17 (E) + 5 times, of wady (נַחַל) Dt 2:36 + 7 times; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Ju 7:22 cf. GASmG. 400; brim of vessel 1 K 7:23(×2) + 7 times; edge of altar Ez 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Ex 26:4(×2) (P) + 6 times; of חֹשֶׁן, toward ephod 28:26 = 39:19 (P); of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳ 28:32 = 39:23 (P). BDB שָׂפָה.2
† I. [שָׁפָה] vb. sweep bare (Arabic سَفَا (ى), raise and carry off dust [v. סָפָה], أَسْفَى of horse, scanty in hair of forelock; NH Pi. plane off; Aramaic ܫܦܳܐ Pt. pass. level (Is 40:4 = מִישׁוֹר), smooth, limpid, ܫܰܦܺܝ make level, smooth (and deriv.));—
Niph. be wind-swept, bare; Pt. הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה Is 13:2 a bare mt.;
Pu. Pf. consec. וְשֻׁפּוּ עַצְמֹתָיו Jb 33:21 Qr his bones are laid bare (so lean is he; Kt וּשְׁפִי bareness are his bones). BDB שָׁפָה.2
שׂפה (√ of foll.; cf. NH = BH; Assyrian šaptu, lip, edge; so Syriac ܣܶܦܬܳܐ; Arabic شَفَةٌ lip, شَفًا edge). BDB שׂפה.2
II. שׁפה (cf. Arabic اُثْفِيَّةٌ stone (one of three) supporting kettle, Aramaic ܬܦܰܝܳܐ tripod, also תַּפְיָא fire-jar; hence perhaps as denom. Heb. [שָׁפַת] q.v., Fra63; cf. ثفى ii., Aramaic ܬܦܳܐ, תְּפִי set on a kettle or pot; v. also GFM Ju 5:16 RSSem i. 357, 2nd ed. 377). BDB שׁפה.2
† שְׁפוֹ n.pr.m. in Edom, Gn 36:23, Σωφ, 𝔊L Σωφαν; = ii. שְׁפִי 1 Ch 1:40, Σωβ, 𝔊L Σαπφει. BDB שְׁפוֹ.2
† שְׁפוֹט n.m. si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—abs. שׁ׳ 2 Ch 20:9 (so 𝔊 𝔖, but dub.); pl. שְׁפוּטִים Ez 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.). BDB שְׁפוֹט.2
† שְׁפוּפָם n.pr.m. in Benjamin;—Nu 26:39, Σουταλα, 𝔊L Σοφαν (= מֻפִּים וְחֻפִּים Gn 46:21, שֻׁפִּים וְחֻפִּם 1 Ch 7:12). BDB שְׁפוּפָם.2
† שְׁפוּפָן n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:5, Σωφαρφακ, A Σωφαν, 𝔊L Σεπφαμ. BDB שְׁפוּפָן.2
† שְׁפוֹת (Köii. 1. 186) n.f. dub., perhaps cream (as skimmed off? cf. WetzstZAW iii (1883), 276 f., who connects with Arabic شِفَايَةٌ cream, and this with √ شفا take off the top (but שׁ = ش ?); EV cheese (after 𝔖 𝔗, cf. ARSKEB 3091));—cstr. שְׁפוֹת בָּקָר 2 S 17:29 cream of the herd (+ דְּבַשׁ וְחֶמְאָה וְצֹאן), cf. Now Bu; 𝔊L HPS calves. BDB שְׁפוֹת.2
† שִׂפַּח vb.
Pi. denom. cause a scab upon, smite with scab (שׂ subst. for ס);—וְשִׂפַּח אֲדֹנָי קָּדְקָד וגו׳ (consec.) Is 3:17 and Adonay shall smite with scab the crown of the daughters of Zion. BDB שִׂפַּח.2
שׁפח (√ of foll.; cf. Sab. ספח pour, also n. מספחת effusion (?) DHMVOJ ii (1888), 189 HomChr 124; Arabic سَفَحَ pour out water, shed blood; note (with ref. to etym. of foll. words) phr. سَافَحَهَا commit fornication with her (Lane), i.e. effudit cum ea (sc. semen) Fl in De Jes 3:78 Anm.; on Ph. שפח servant (?) cf. HoffmPh. Inscr. 18 Lzb 381). BDB שׁפח.2
שִׂפַּח v. III. ספח. BDB שִׂפַּח².2
† שִׁפְחָה n.f. maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q.v.; orig. = concubine? cf. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 16:1 +; cstr. שִׁפְחַת v 2 +; sf. שִׁפְחָתִי v 2 +, שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ Ru 2:13, etc.; pl. abs. שְׁפָחוֹת 12:16 +; etc.;—
1. lit., maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Gn 16:1, 3, 6, 8 (PJ) 29:24, 29 (P) ψ 123:2, Pr 30:23; Is 24:2; even where concubine of master (cf. אָמָה) Gn 16:2, 5 (PJ) 25:12; 35:25, 26 (P) 30:4, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18 (all JE); less often ref. to master 29:24, 29 (J), Ru 2:13, of concubine Gn 32:23, cf. 33:1, 2, 6 (all J); marriageable Lv 19:20 (H, cf. Ex 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in gen., especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Ex 11:5 (J) 1 S 25:41 (opp. אָמָה) 2 S 17:17 (‖ עֶבֶד) Gn 12:16; 24:35 (J) 20:14 (E) 30:43 (P) 32:6 (J; coll.) Dt 28:68; 1 S 8:16; 2 K 5:26; Is 14:2; Je 34:9, 10, 11(×2), 16(×2) Jo 3:2; Ec 2:7; 2 Ch 28:10; Est 7:4.
2. fig. in address, שִׁפְתָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (v. אָמָה) Ru 2:13 (‖ אָמָה 3:9), 1 S 1:18 (‖ id. v 16), 25:27 (‖ v 24 f.), 28:21, 22; 2 S 14:6, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19 (‖ אָמָה v 15, 16); 2 K 4:2, 16; not toward God; but v. אָמָה. BDB שִׁפְחָה.2
† [שֶׁ֫פֶט] n.m. Ex 6:6 judgment;—pl. שְׁפָטִים Ex 6:6 +, sf. שְׁפָטַי Ez 14:21;—acts of judgment (cf. משׁפטים), בשׁפטים גדלים by great acts of judgment Ex 6:6; 7:4 (P); c. בְּ, עשׂה שׁפטים 12:12; Nu 33:4 (P), Ez 5:10, 15; 11:9; 16:41; 25:11; 28:22, 26; 30:14, 19 (all of God); men Ez 16:41; c. את, 2 Ch 24:24 (Syrians against Joash); שׁפטים of God (four: sword, famine, wild beasts, pestilence) Ez 14:21; נכונו שׁ׳ ללצים Pr 19:29 judgments are prepared for scorners (𝔊 שְׁבָטִים rods, so PerlesAnal. 69 [or שׁוֹטִים], Toy). BDB שֶׁ֫פֶט.2
שָׁפַט185 vb. judge, govern (NH in deriv.; Ph. שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lzb381; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge DlWB 684, šipṭu (ט), prob. judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] JenZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط v. NöZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of vb. see FergusonJBL viii (1888), 130 ff.);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ju 16:31 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּט Gn 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Is 11:3; 3 mpl. יִשְׁפְּטוּ Gn 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Ex 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; cf. Ges§ 47 g), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁפוֹט Gn 19:9; cstr. שְׁפֹט Ru 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Ex 8:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁפָט־ Pr 31:9, שָׁפְטָה ψ 82:8; La 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Is 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zc 7:9, etc.; Pt. שֹׁפֵט 1 S 3:13 +, etc.;— 1. act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late): a. of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Gn 18:25 (J), ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Is 33:22. b. of man, Gn 19:9(×2) (J), Moses deciding cases Ex 18:13 (E), making known statutes v 16 (E); so his assistants v 22(×2), 26(×2) (E), ‖ Dt 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Nu 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Ju 2:16, 18; 2 S 7:11 = 1 Ch 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Ju 3:10; 4:4; 10:2, 3 + 9 times Ju, 1 S 4:18; 7:15, 16, 17; 2 K 23:22, cf. 1 S 7:6; Pt. שֹׁפֵט as subst. also Ju 2:17, 18, 19; 1 S 8:1, 2; 2 K 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 Ch 17:6 (‖ 2 S 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ru 1:1(×2) (cf. מוֹשִׁיעִים Ob 21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ 1 S 8:5, 6, 20; Ho 7:7; 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Mi 4:14 (= king); king judges people 1 K 3:9(×2) = 2 Ch 1:10; 1 K 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21; 2 Ch 1:11; abs. 1 K 7:7; Is 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Ex 2:14 (E) Am 2:3; Zp 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Is 1:26; Jb 12:17, cf. Is 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Is 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Pr 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), ψ 2:10; 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Dn 9:12(×2). 2. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions: a. of God ψ 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Gn 16:5 (J; domestic), Ju 11:27(×2); 1 S 24:13, 16 (all of war), Ez 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Ez 34:17, 22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Gn 31:53 (E; domestic), Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ 2 Ch 20:12 (war); c. acc. 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; Ec 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Jb 21:22 (‖ ידע), 23:7; abs. Ex 5:21 (J) Jb 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Je 11:20 ψ 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק 7:12. b. of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Ex 18:16 (E) Nu 35:24 (P) Dt 1:16 (all civil), Is 5:3 (relig.); c. acc. Lv 19:15 (H) Dt 25:1 (all civil), Ez 20:4(×2); 22:2(×2); 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Dt 16:18; 1 K 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Ez 44:24, c. ל 2 Ch 19:6; abs. Ez 44:24; Is 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Mi 3:11; 7:3; Jb 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט 2 S 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to 2 Ch 19:5, 6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 17:9, 12; 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים 16:18; 1 Ch 23:4; 26:29; Jos 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), 23:2; 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Dt 21:2; Ezr 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Dt 19:17, 18, שׂרים 2 Ch 1:2. 3. execute judgment: a. discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zc 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ ψ 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zc 8:16, צֶדֶק Pr 31:9, עָוֶל ψ 82:2. b. vindicating, c. acc.: (1) subj. God, יתום ψ 10:18, acc. pers. 26:1; 43:1; 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט La 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of 1 S 24:16; 2 S 18:19, 31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי ψ 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ 35:24. (2) subj. man, c. acc. יתום Is 1:17, 23; דל(ים) 11:4; Pr 29:14 ψ 82:3; עניי עם 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Je 5:28. c. condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ acc. to ways of Ez 7:3, 8; 18:30; 24:14; 33:20; 36:19; במשׁפטים 7:27; 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות 16:38 (= 23:45 of human judges); c. acc. 1 S 3:13 ψ 51:6 Is 51:5; Ez 11:10, 11; 21:35; 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ ψ 109:31 and Ez 23:45 supr., prob. also ψ 141:6 (corrupt). d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט ψ 50:6; 75:8; שׁפט הארץ 94:2, c. acc. בא לשׁפט הארץ 96:13 = 1 Ch 16:33, ψ 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ 82:8; כל הגוים Jo 4:12; עמים ψ 67:5; תבל 9:9; 96:13 = 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים 75:3.
Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ez 20:36 + 4 times; Impf. 1 s. אִשָּׁפֵט Ez 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה 1 S 12:7, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵט 2 Ch 22:8; sf. הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ ψ 37:33; 109:7; Pt. נִשְׁפָּט Is 59:4 + 4 times;— 1. recipr., (Ges§ 51 d), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Je 2:35; Ez 17:20 (+ acc. rei) 20:35, 36(×2); 38:22; of man 1 S 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם 𝔊 We), Pr 29:9; c. עִם, of God Jo 4:2, of man 2 Ch 22:8; c. ל, of God Je 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Is 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) 66:16; באמונה 59:4. 2. pass. be judged, ψ 9:20; 37:33; 109:7. Pôʿel Pt. sf. מְשֹׁפְטִי (dub.; Hi Bu מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Ges§ 55 b) Jb 9:15; + Zp 3:15 ψ 109:31 We al. BDB שָׁפַט.2
† שָׁפָט n.pr.m. (he hath judged);—usually Σαφατ[θ]:
1. father of Elisha 1 K 19:16, 19; 2 K 3:11; 6:31.
2. prince of Simeon Nu 13:5.
3. grandson of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:22.
4. Gaddite chief 5:12 (Σαβατ, Σαφαμ [ν]).
5. herdsman of David 27:29 (Σωφαν, A Σωφατ, 𝔊L Σαφατ). BDB שָׁפָט.2
† שְׁפַטְיָה(וּ) n.pr.m. (י׳ hath judged, vindicated);—usually Σαφατια(ς):
1. -יָה: a. fifth son of David 2 S 3:4 = 1 Ch 3:3 (Σαβατεια, A Σαφαθια, 𝔊L Σαφατιας). b. contemp. of Jerem. Je 38:1 (B Σαφανιας) c. man of Judah Ne 11:4. d. chiefs of families of restoration: (1) Ezr 2:4 = Ne 7:9; Ezr 8:8; (2) 2:57 = Ne 7:59. e. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:8.
2. -יָהוּ: a. son of Jehosh. 2 Ch 21:2. b. hero of David 1 Ch 12:5. c. Simeonite 27:16. BDB שְׁפַטְיָה(וּ).2
† שִׁפְטָן n.pr.m. (judgment);—prince of Ephraim Nu 34:24; Σαβαθα(ν), 𝔊L Σαφαταν. BDB שִׁפְטָן.2
† I. שְׁפִי n.m. bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height;—
1. bareness, Jb 33:21 Kt (v. √).
2. bare place, height: שֶׁ֑פִי Nu 23:3 (E), i.e. an outlook-point; pl. שְׁפָיִים Is 41:18; 49:9; Je 3:21, שְׁפָיִם 3:2; 4:11 (‖ מִדְבָּר), 7:29, 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּר), 14:6. BDB שְׁפִי.2
I. שְׁפִי v. I. שׁפה. BDB שְׁפִי².2
II. שְׁפִי v. שְׁפוֹ sub I. שׁפה. BDB שְׁפִי³.2
שֻׁפִּים n.pr.m. v. √ שׁפף. BDB שֻׁפִּים.2
שֻׁפִּים v. שׁפף. BDB שֻׁפִּים².2
† שֻׁפִּים n.pr.m.
1. שׁ׳ 1 Ch 7:15, Μαμφειν, A Σεφφειμ, 𝔊L Σαφιν, appar. = שֻׁפִּם v 12, Σαπφειν, 𝔊L Σαφαν (cf. מֻפִּים, שְׁפוּפָם).
2. שֻׁפִּים doorkeeper, 1 Ch 26:16. BDB שֻׁפִּים³.2
† שְׁפִיפֹן n.[m.] horned snake, 𝔊 κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ Frey);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 49:17 (‖ נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, cf. TrNHB 273 PostHast. DB iv. 457 f. McLean-ShipleyEncy. Bib. iv. 4393 Drad loc.—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.v. BDB שְׁפִיפֹן.2
† שָׁפִיר n.pr.loc. in Philist. plain, Mi 1:11 (= שָׁמִיר Jos 15:48?); 𝔊 καλῶς (!). BDB שָׁפִיר.2
† שֶׁ֫פֶךְ n.[m.] place of pouring;—cstr. שׁ׳ הַדֶּשֶׁן Lv 4:12(×2) (P). BDB שֶׁ֫פֶךְ.2
שָׁפַךְ113 vb. pour out, pour (NH id.; Assyrian šapâku, pour out, especially (DlWB JenKosmol. 41) earth, to form mound; Arabic سَفَكَ pour out, cf. سَبَكَ melt and pour into mould; Ethiopic ሰበከ: Aramaic שְׁפַךְ, ܫܦܰܟ (rare) = BH);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 1 K 2:31 +; 3 fs. sf. שְׁפָכַ֫תְהוּ Ez 24:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּךְ 2 K 19:32 +; 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ Dt 12:16 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁפוֹךְ Ju 6:20 +, שְׁפָךְ־ ψ 69:25; fs. שִׁפְכִי La 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפָךְ־ 1 K 18:28 +, לִשְׁפֹּךְ Is 59:7 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁפֵךְ Gn 9:6 +, f. שֹׁפֶ֫כֶת Ez 22:3, etc.; pass. שָׁפוּךְ ψ 79:10, שְׁפוּכָה Ez 20:33, 34;— 1. lit.: a. pour out, pour water Ex 4:9 (J; acc. loc.), 1 S 7:6 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳, unique, symb. of contrition), עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ (subj. י׳) Am 5:8; 9:6; blood like water (to flow away and be absorbed), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Dt 12:16, 24; 15:23, cf. Lv 17:13 (H) Ez 24:7; also + אֶל loc. Ex 29:12; Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34; + עַל pers. reflex. 1 K 18:28; pour out broth Ju 6:20, libation (נֶסֶךְ, to (ל) false gods) Is 57:6; dust Lv 14:41 (P; אֶל loc.); c. acc. סֹלְלָה mound (in siege), = make by pouring (earth, orig. from baskets, see especially Assyrian šapâku DlWB 679 b JenKosmol. 41), + עַל־ of city 2 K 19:32 = Is 37:33; Je 6:6; Ez 4:2; 26:8, אֶל־ 2 S 20:15; abs. Ez 17:17; 21:27; Dn 11:15; וַיִּשׁ׳ מֵעָיו אַרְצָה 2 S 20:10 (by a sword-thrust in the belly), cf. יִשׁ׳ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי Jb 16:13 (metaph., י׳ subj.). b. techn., acc.; דָּם shed blood Gn 37:22 (E) 9:6 (P) 1 S 25:31; Ez 22:4 + 9 times Ez, + 15 times (pass. ψ 79:10) + Ez 36:18 (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ), 1 Ch 22:8 (c. אַ֫רְצָה); acc. דָּמִים †1 K 2:31; 1 Ch 28:3 ψ 79:3 (כַּמַּיִם). 2. fig.: a. י׳ subj., pour out anger, etc.: עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשׁ׳ כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִי Ho 5:10; שׁ׳ חֲמָתִי עַל Ez 14:19 + 8 times Ez, Je 10:25; Is 42:25 ψ 79:6 (אֶל et עַל); acc. ח׳ om. Je 6:11; c. ב loc. La 2:4; ח׳ שְׁפוּכָה Ez 20:33, 34; acc. חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ La 4:11; acc. זַעַם (עַל pers.) Ez 21:36 + 3 times; acc. בּוּזּ contempt, עַל pers., Jb 12:21 = ψ 107:40; pour their own wickedness עֲלֵיהֶם Je 14:16 (i.e. requite it); pour out רוּחִי עַל Ez 39:29, cf. Zc 12:10; Jo 3:1, 2. b. hum. subj. pour out one’s heart, etc., כַּמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ La 2:19, לְפָנָיו לְבַבְכֶם ψ 62:9 (i.e. bef. י׳), אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי י׳ 1 S 1:15, עָלַי (reflex.; v. עַל 1 d) ψ 42:5; אֶת־שִׂיחוֹ לִפְנֵי י׳ ψ 102:1 (title), cf. 142:3; in bad sense, וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ עַל־ Ez 16:15, cf. 23:8.
†Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁפַּךְ La 2:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁפֵךְ Gn 9:6 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵךְ Ez 16:36;—be poured out: of ashes 1 K 13:3, 5, blood (עַל loc.) Dt 12:27; be shed, of blood Gn 9:6 (P) Dt 19:10; in fig. La 2:11 my liver is poured לָאָרֶץ (cf. Qal 1 a ad fin.); ψ 22:15 I am poured out like water (nerveless, helpless); subj. נְּחֻשְׁתֵּךְ Ez 16:36 (v. ii. [נְחשֶׁת]; cf. v 15 Qal 2 b).
†Pu. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשֻׁפַּךְ Zp 1:17 be poured out כֶּעָפָר, of blood; שֻׁפַּךְ Nu 35:33 (P) be shed, of blood; 3 fs. שֻׁפְּכָה ψ 73:2 Kt my steps were caused to slip (Qr שֻׁפְּכוּ).
†Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשִׁי Jb 30:16 my soul pours itself out upon me; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֫כְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ (Ges§ 54 k) La 4:1 fig. of slaughter; Inf. cstr. בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשָׁם אֶל־חֵיק אִמֹּתָם 2:12, i.e. they expire. BDB שָׁפַךְ.2
† שָׁפְכָה n.f. male organ (as fluid-duct);—abs. כְּרוּת שׁ׳ Dt 23:2 (‖ פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה). BDB שָׁפְכָה.2
† שֵׁ֫פֶל n.[m.] low estate, condition;—abs. שׁ׳ Ec 10:6 (opp. מְרוֹמִים); sf. שִׁפְלֵנוּ ψ 136:23. BDB שֵׁ֫פֶל.2
† שָׁפֵל vb. be or become low, be abased (NH, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHMxxix (1875), 604; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (LagBN 48); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 2:11; 2 fs. וְשָׁפַלְתְּ 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁפַּל 2:9; 5:15; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה 5:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפַל Ec 12:4; Pr 16:19, v. infr.;— 1. all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Is 10:33 (‖ גְּדֻעִים), mts. 40:4 (opp. נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lag], so Du CheHpt. Di-Kit Marti); fig. be humiliated, of man 2:9; 5:15, his loftiness 2:17, haughty eyes v 11 (all ‖ שָׁחַח), 5:15; of city 32:19; as helping vb. (= adv.) וְשׁ׳ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Ges§ 120 g; ‖ מֵעָפָר תִּשַּׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ). 2. שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Pr 16:19 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl SS Toy al.; Thes RobGes. al. sub שָׁפָל. 3. of sound Ec 12:4.
Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁפִּיל Is 25:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁפִּיל ψ 75:8, sf. יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Is 26:5 (but 2nd vb. prob. doublet), etc.; Imv. mpl. (sf.) (הַשְׁפִּילֵ הוּ Jb 40:11 Je 13:18; Inf. cstr. sf. הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Pr 25:7 (Ez 21:31 read abs. הַשְׁפֵּיל, ‖ הַגְבֵּהַּ, so Co Krae Ges§ 113 bb R. 3); Pt. מַשְׁפִּיל 1 S 2:7 ψ 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Ges§ 90 l) ψ 113:6;— 1. usually fig., י׳ subj., lay low, tree Ez 17:24 (opp. הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Is 26:5 (‖ הֵשַׁח); fortress 25:12 (+ הֵשַׁח; Du thinks doublet of 26:5); humiliate pride v 11; 13:11, cf. Jb 40:11; obj. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת ψ 18:28, so read also ‖ 2 S 22:28, י׳מַשׁ׳אַף־מְרוֹמֵם 1 S 2:7, רְשָׁעִים ψ 147:6; זֶה יַשׁ׳ וְזֶה יָרִים 75:8, cf. Ez 21:31. 2. hum. subj. set one in a lower place Pr 25:7; subj. hum. pride Pr 29:23; declar. Is 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל. 3. as helping vb.: + vb. coörd., הַשׁ׳ שֵׁ֑בוּ Je 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Ges§ 120 g); + inf. מַשׁ׳ לִרְאוֹת ψ 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (i.e. י׳; ‖ הַמַּגְבִּיהִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת v 5; Ges§ 114n).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה Jb 22:29 is dub.; ‖ יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Bu conj. for וַתֹּא׳, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳ hath abased pride, so (in part) Du; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳ intrans.; AV, cf. LagBN 121); (thy ways) are brought low (Ew De Di). BDB שָׁפֵל.2
שָׁפָל adj. low;—abs. שׁ׳ 2 S 6:22 +, cstr. שְׁפַל ψ 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Ez 17:14 +, cstr. שִׁפְלַת v 6; pl. שְׁפָלִים Jb 5:11;—
1. low, in height, of vine Ez 17:6, tree v 24 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Lv 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v 21, 26, cf. 14:37.
2. of a modest, unambitious kingdom Ez 17:14; 29:14, 15; low in station Jb 5:11 (opp. שָֽׂגְבוּ), Ez 21:31 (Ges§ 90 f; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣).
3. humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י 2 S 6:22; pl. Mal 2:9 (‖ נִבְזִים).
4. lowly, as subst. ψ 138:6 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Is 57:15 (‖ נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v 15, Pr 29:23 (opp. גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + 16:19 Thes al. (but v. √ Qal 2). BDB שָׁפָל.2
† שְׁפֵלָה n.f. lowland;—always abs. שׁ׳ c. art., except sf. שְׁפֵלָתֹה Jos 11:16;—lowland:
1. usually term. techn. of strip W. of Judaean mts. (on exact limits v. GASmGeogr. 201 ff.; Expos. Dec. 1896, 404 f. BuhlGeogr. 104 DrHast.DB iii. 892 f.): almost always disting. from הָהָר and הַנֶּגֶב, sometimes from הָעֲרָבָה, in Dt 1:7; Jos 9:1 (RD) also from חוֹף הַיָּם, cf. Jos 10:40; 12:8 (both RD), Ju 1:9 (perhaps RD, cf. Bu GFM), Jos 15:33 (P), Je 17:26; 32:44; 33:13; Ob 19; Zc 7:7 2 Ch 26:10; 28:18 (disting. from הַמִּישׁוֹר, plateau E. of Jordan); region of sycomores 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15; 9:27; 1 Ch 27:28.
2. of lowland (near coast) N. of Carmel Jos 11:2; W. of mts. of Ephr. v 16 (both RD). BDB שְׁפֵלָה.2
† שִׁפְלָה n.f. humiliation;—Is 32:19 (of city). BDB שִׁפְלָה.2
† שִׁפְלוּת n.f. sinking;—cstr. שׁ׳ יָדִים Ec 10:18 sinking of hands, negligence; (‖ עֲצַלְתַּ֫יִם). BDB שִׁפְלוּת.2
† שְׁפָם n.pr.loc. on E. border of Israel; שׁ׳ Nu 34:10, שְׁפָ֫מָה v 11; 𝔊 Σεπφαμαρ; site unknown. BDB שְׁפָם.2
† שָׂפָם n.[m.] moustache (cf. N. Syriac ܣܲܦܡܵܐ rete; on meaning and form v. Thes Ol408 Köii 73);—abs. שׂ׳ Mi 3:7 +, sf. שְׂפָמוֹ 2 S 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳ 2 S 19:25 (𝔊 μύσταξ) i.e. trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳ Mi 3:7 Ez 24:17, 22 Lv 13:45 (P; v. I. עטה 1). BDB שָׂפָם.2
† שָׁפָם n.pr.m. in Gad 1 Ch 5:12; 𝔊B Σαβατ, A Σαφαμ, 𝔊L Σαφαν. BDB שָׁפָם.2
שֻׁפִּם v. שֻׁפִּים sub שׁפף. BDB שֻׁפִּם.2
שִֽׂפְמוֹת 1 S 30:28 v. שְׁפ׳ (p. 1050). BDB שִֽׂפְמוֹת.2
† שִׁפֲמוֹת (so Baer with codd. and edd.; Thes שִׁפְ׳; van d. H. Gi שִׂפְ׳);—n.pr.loc. in Negebe 1 S 30:28; Σαφει; A Σαφαμως, 𝔊L Σεφειμωθ. BDB שִׁפֲמוֹת.2
† שִׁפְמִי adj.gent. (of foreg.?);—1 Ch 27:27. BDB שִׁפְמִי.2
† I. שָׁפָן n.m. Lv 11:5 rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—abs. שׁ׳ Dt 14:7 = Lv 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, pl. שְׁפַנִּים ψ 104:18 Pr 30:26.—Vid. RobBR iii. 66, 387 TrNHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1 Dr Dt PostHast. DB coney McLean-ShipleyEncy. Bib. id.. BDB שָׁפָן.2
שׂפן v. ספן. BDB שׂפן.2
שׁפן (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ثُفُن FresnelJAs 1838, 514 Thes1467 [usually called وَبْر or طُبْسُن]). BDB שׁפן.2
† II. שָׁפָן n.pr.m. Σαφ(φ)αν:
1. secretary (הַסֹּפֵר) under Josiah 2 K 22:3, 8(×2), 9, 10(×2), 12, 14; 2 Ch 34:8, 15(×2), 16, 18(×2), 20.
2. father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1): 2 K 22:12; 25:22; Je 26:24; 39:14; 40:5, 9, 11; 41:2; 43:6; 2 Ch 34:20.
3. father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Je 29:3, perhaps = 2.
4. father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ 36:10 (called הַסֹּפֵר), v 11, 12, perhaps = 1.
5. father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Ez 8:11, possibly = 1. BDB שָׁפָן².2
† שֶׁ֫פַע n.[m.] abundance;—cstr. שׁ׳ Dt 33:19. BDB שֶׁ֫פַע.2
שׁפע (√ of foll.; NH שָׁפַע flow abundantly, be abundant; 𝔗 שְׁפַע, Syriac ܫܦܰܥ, overflow, abound). BDB שׁפע.2
† [שִׁפְעָה], שִׁפְעַת n.f. abundance, quantity;—appar. abs. שִׁפְעַת 2 K 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klo Benz al.; > 𝔊B Kit עָפָר); cstr. שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v 17 Jehu’s multitude; cstr., of horses Ez 26:10, camels Is 60:6; of waters Jb 22:11; 38:34. BDB שִׁפְעָה.2
† שִׁפְעִי n.pr.m. in Simeon 1 Ch 4:37; Σεφει, 𝔊L Σωφει. BDB שִׁפְעִי.2
שׁפף (√ of following). BDB שׁפף.2
† [שֵׂ֫פֶק] n.[m.] sufficiency, plenty;—sf. שִׂפְקוֹ Jb 20:22 (Baer Gi; ס׳ van d. H.; opp. צרר). BDB שֵׂ֫פֶק.2
† [שֶׂ֫פֶק] n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, i.e. mockery (?) (cf. vb. Jb 27:23);—שָׂ֑פֶק Jb 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְךָ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, BaeKau Da (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Bu reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Di): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (v. √ 2; cf. Thes); Du reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Jb 20:22 (edd.) v. שֵׂפֶק. BDB שֶׂ֫פֶק.2
† II. [שָׂפַק] vb. suffice (NH סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; 𝔗 סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syriac ܣܦܰܩ; Arabic شَفِقَ is be niggardly, scanty, Lane1573);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק 1 K 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei. BDB שָׂפַק.2
I. שׂפק, שֶׂ֫פֶק v. ספק. BDB שׂפק.2
† I. [שֶׁ֫פֶר] n. m. beauty, goodliness;—abs. אִמְרֵי־שָׁ֑פֶר Gn 49:21 (v. אֹמֶר, אָמִיר). BDB שֶׁ֫פֶר.2
† [שָׁפַר] vb. be beautiful, fair, comely (Arabic سَفَرَ remove veil (of women), shine; Aramaic שְׁפַר be pleasing (v. Dn 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ beautiful);—
Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָ֑י (Aramaic) ψ 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (v. עַל II. 8). BDB שָׁפַר.2
שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר n.m. Is 27:13 horn, for blowing (Aramaic שׁיפורא √ dub.; CAdlerPAOS 1889, clxxi ff. cp. Assyrian š/sappar(u) a species of wild goat; in any case the שׁ׳ is a curved horn, as of cow or ram, cf. Dr Am 2:2 (with illustr.));—abs. שׁוֹ׳ 2 S 6:15 +, שׁ׳ Ex 19:16 +; cstr. שׁוֹפַר Lv 25:9; pl. שׁוֹפָרוֹת Ju 7:22 +, cstr. שׁוֹפְרוֹת Jos 6:4 +; sf. שׁוֹפְרֹתֵיהֶם Ju 7:8;—horn, mostly as used in war, rarely, and chiefly late, as sacred instr.: Ho 8:1; Ju 7:8, 16; Is 58:1 (sim.) Jb 39:25 (בְּדֵי שׁ׳, v. דַּי 2 a); שׁ׳ (הַ)יּוֹבְלִים Jos 6:4 rams’ horns (v. יבל), so v 6, 8, 13 (all E); קוֹל (הַ)שׁ׳ Ex 19:16, 19; 20:18 (Gi v 15), Jos 6:5, 20 (all E), Am 2:2 + 13 times; תָּקַע בַּשּׁ׳ = give a blast with the horn, Ju 3:27; 6:34; Jos 6:4 + 9 times Jos, 1 S 13:3; 1 K 1:34, 39 + 9 times, + (י׳ subj.) Zc 9:14; תָּקַע שׁ׳ Ho 5:8; Am 3:6 (vb. Niph.), Je 4:5 + 7 times, + תֹּקְעֵי הַשּׁ׳ Jos 6:9 Qr (Kt תָּֽקְעוּ) + 6 times; הַשּׁ׳ לִתְקוֹעַ Ju 7:20, בְּתֵקַע שׁ׳ ψ 150:3; also הֶעֱבִיר שׁ׳ תְּרוּעָת Lv 25:9a (H), cf. v 9b (P), יוֹם שׁ׳ וּתְרוּעָה Zp 1:16; used on religious occasions, Jos 6:4ff. Lv 25:9; Jo 2:1, 15 ψ 47:6; 81:4; 98:6; 150:3; 2 Ch 15:14.—On שׁ׳ v. AdlerThe Shophar (1894) Dr Am 2:2 HptWe ψψ Transl. 221 f. Abrahams Hast. DB trumpet. BDB שֹׁפָר.2
† II. [שֶׁ֫פֶר] n.pr.mont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָׁ֑פֶר Nu 33:23, 24 (P); Σαφαρ. BDB שֶׁ֫פֶר².2
† I. שִׁפְרָה n.f. fairness, clearness, of sky;—abs. שׁ׳ Jb 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), v. especially De Di Bu Du; > CheJQ 1897, 578 (after 𝔊) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא. BDB שִׁפְרָה.2