πρῷρα — πῶς

πρῷρα — πῶς TGL πρῷρα.1

πρῷρα TGL πρῷρα.1

(4408) πρῷρα (so R G , πρῷρα Tr ), more correctly πρῷρα (see Göttling , Lehre v., Accent, p. 142f; (Chandler § 164; Etym. Magn. , p. 692, 34f; cf. 318, 57f; cf. Iota)),. πρώρας (L T WH πρῴρης, cf. μάχαιρα , at the beginning), ἡ (contracted from προειρα from πρό; Lob. Pathol. Element. 2:136, cf. Paralip., p. 215), from Homer down; the prow or forward part of a ship (R. V. foreship): Acts 27:30; in Acts 27:41 distinguished from ἡ πρύμνα. TGL πρῷρα.2

πρωτεύω TGL πρωτεύω.1

(4409) πρωτεύω; (πρῶτος); to be first, hold the first place, (A. V. have the pre-eminence): Colossians 1:18. (From Xenophon , and Plato down.) TGL πρωτεύω.2

πρωτοκαθεδρία TGL πρωτοκαθεδρία.1

(4410) πρωτοκαθεδρία, πρωτοκαθεδρίας, ἡ (πρῶτος and καθέδρα which see), a sitting in the first seat, the first or chief seat: Matthew 23:6; Mark 12:39; Luke 11:43; Luke 20:46. (Ecclesiastical writings.) TGL πρωτοκαθεδρία.2

πρωτοκλισία TGL πρωτοκλισία.1

(4411) πρωτοκλισία, πρωτοκλισίας, ἡ (πρῶτος and κλισία), the first reclining-place, the chief place, at table (cf. Rich, Dict. of Rom. and Greek Antiq. under the phrase,lectus tricliniaris ; the relative rank of the several places at table varied among Persians, Greeks, and Romans; and what arrangement was currently followed by the Jews in Christ's day can hardly, perhaps, be determined; (yet see Edersheim. Jesus the Messiah, ii., pp. 207f 494)): Matthew 23:6; Mark 12:39; Luke 11:43 Lachmann in brackets; Luke 14:7,Luke 14:8; Luke 20:46. (Ecclesiastical writings). TGL πρωτοκλισία.2

πρῶτον TGL πρῶτον.1

(4412) πρῶτος, πρώτη, πρῶτον (superlative of πρό, contracted from προατος, whence the Doric πρατός; the comparitive πρότερος see in its place) (from Homer down), the Sept. for רִאשׁון and often for אֶחַד and רֹאשׁ, first; TGL πρῶτον.2

1. either in time or place, in any succession of things or of persons; TGL πρῶτον.3

a. absolutely (i. e. without a noun) and substantively; TGL πρῶτον.4

α. with the article: ὁ πρῶτος καί ὁ ἔσχατος, i. e. the eternal One, Revelation 1:17; Revelation 2:8; Revelation 22:13; ὁ πρῶτος, namely, τῶν κεκλημένων, Luke 14:18; the first of two (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 35, 4 N. 1; (Buttmann , 32 (28))), John 19:32; 1 Corinthians 14:30; plural opposed to οἱ ἔσχατοι, Matthew 20:16, on which see ἔσχατος , 2 a. Neuter τό πρῶτον, opposed to τό δεύτερον, Hebrews 10:9; τά πρῶτα, opposed to τά ἔσχατα, one's first state, Matthew 12:45; Luke 11:26; 2 Peter 2:20; the first order of things, Revelation 21:4. TGL πρῶτον.5

β. without the article: Matthew 10:2 (πρῶτος, namely, of the apostles to be mentioned); plural, Matthew 19:30; Mark 10:31; Luke 13:30 (on the meaning of which three passages, see ἔσχατος , 2 a.); neuter ἐν πρώτοις (A. V. first of all), among the first things delivered to you by me, 1 Corinthians 15:3. TGL πρῶτον.6

b. where it agrees with some substantive; TGL πρῶτον.7

α. anarthrous, and in place of an adjective: πρώτη (namely, ἡμέρα) σαββάτου, on the first day of the week, Mark 16:9; φυλακή, opposed to δευτέρᾳ, Acts 12:10; as a predicate Luke 2:2 (on which cf. Winer s Grammar, § 35, 4 N. 1; (Buttmann , § 127, 31)). where it is added to the subject or the object of the verb (and we often use an adverb; Winer s Grammar, § 54, 2; (Buttmann , § 123, 9)): εὑρίσκει οὗτος πρῶτος, John 1:41(42) (where L Tr WH πρῶτον); add, John 8:7; John 20:4, John 20:8; Acts 27:43; Romans 10:19; 1 Timothy 1:16; 1 John 4:19; opposed to εἶτα, 1 Timothy 2:13 πρῶτος ἐμβάς, John 5:4 (the article belongs to ἐμβάς (G T Tr WH omit the passage)); but Acts 26:23 πρῶτος ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν is to be translated as the first. By a later Greek usage it is put where πρότερος might have been expected with the genitive (cf. Herm. ad Vig. , p. 717; Passow , under the word πρότερος, B. I. 2 c. ii, p. 1243a; (Liddell and Scott, ibid. B. I. 4 c.); Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, ii., 420f; Winer s Grammar, § 35, 4 N. 1; Buttmann , § 123, 14): πρῶτος μου ἦν, John 1:15, John 1:30 (οἱ πρῶτοι μου ταῦτα ἀνιχνευσαντες, Aelian nat. anim. 8, 12). TGL πρῶτον.8

β. with the article: (ὁ (ἡ, τό) πρῶτος (πρώτη, πρῶτον), in a series which is so complete, either in fact or in thought, that other members are conceived of as following the first in regular order; as, τόν πρῶτον λόγον, Acts 1:1; add, Mark 14:12; 2 Timothy 4:16; Revelation 4:1, Revelation 4:7; Revelation 13:12, etc.; (opposed to ὁ ἔσχατος), ἡ πρῶτος πλάνη, Matthew 27:64; add, Matthew 20:8, Matthew 20:10, Matthew 20:16; 1 Corinthians 15:45, etc.; also 'the first' of two, where Latin usage requires and the Vulg. ordinarily employs prior (cf. Winer s Grammar (and Buttmann ), as above): Matthew 21:28, Matthew 21:31 (L Tr WH ὕστερος); ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων, Matthew 21:36; ἡ πρώτη διαθήκη, Hebrews 8:7, Hebrews 8:13; Hebrews 9:15, Hebrews 9:18; ἡ πρώτη, namely, διαθήκη, Hebrews 9:1 G L T Tr WH ; σκηνή, Hebrews 9:1 Rec. , 2, 6, 8; ἡ πρώτη γῆ, ὁ πρῶτος οὐρανός, Revelation 21:1; ἀνάστασις, Revelation 20:5, Revelation 20:6; ἄνθρωπος 1 Corinthians 15:47; followed by ὁ δεύτερος, τρίτος, etc.: Matthew 22:25; Mark 12:20; Luke 19:16; Luke 20:29; Revelation 8:7; Revelation 16:2; Revelation 21:19; followed by ἕτερος, Luke 16:5; ὁ πρῶτος, equivalent to the former, previous, pristine: τήν πρώτην πίστιν, the faith which they formerly plighted, 1 Timothy 5:12; ἡ πρώτη ἀγάπη, Revelation 2:4; τά πρῶτα ἔργα, Revelation 2:5. TGL πρῶτον.9

2. first in rank, influence, honor; chief; principal: without the article, and absolutely, πρῶτος chief (opposed to δοῦλος), Matthew 20:27; Mark 10:44; opposed to ἔσχατος and διάκονος, Mark 9:35; added to a noun, principal, ἐντολή, Matthew 22:38; Mark 12:30 (T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets the clause); Ephesians 6:2; with a partitive genitive, Mark 12:28, Mark 12:29 (see πᾶς , II. 2 b. γ.); 1 Timothy 1:15; with the article, Luke 15:22; Acts 17:4; οἱ πρῶτοι τῆς Γαλιλαίας, the chief men of Galilee, Mark 6:21: τοῦ λαοῦ, Luke 19:47; τῆς πόλεως, Acts 13:50; τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Acts 25:2; Acts 28:17; τῆς νήσου, Acts 28:7 (cf. Lewin, St. Paul, ii., p. 208f, but see Πόπλιος ). TGL πρῶτον.10

3. neuter πρῶτον as adverb, first, at the first; TGL πρῶτον.11

a. in order of time: Luke 10:5; John 18:13; Acts 11:26 (here T Tr WH πρώτως, which see); followed by εἶτα, ἔπειτα, or δεύτερον, Mark 4:28; 1 Corinthians 15:46; 1 Thessalonians 4:16; 1 Timothy 3:10; followed by μετά ταῦτα Mark 16:9 cf. Mark 16:12; the first time, opposed to ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ (the second time), Acts 7:12, Acts 7:13; τέ πρῶτον καί, first and also (or afterward), i. e. as well as, Romans 1:16 (but here L Tr marginal reading WH brackets πρῶτον); Romans 2:9,Romans 2:10; without τέ, 2 Corinthians 8:5; 2 Timothy 1:5; first i. e. before anything else is done; first of all: Matthew 6:33; Luke 12:1; John 7:51 L Tr WH ; Romans 1:8; 1 Timothy 5:4; 2 Peter 1:20; 2 Peter 3:3; πρῶτον πάντων, 1 Timothy 2:1. first, i. e. before something else: Matthew 8:21; Mark 7:27; Mark 9:11, Mark 9:12; Luke 11:38; Luke 14:28; Romans 15:24; 2 Thessalonians 2:3; 1 Peter 4:17, etc.; before other nations, Acts 3:26; Acts 13:46; before others (R. V. the first to partake etc.), 2 Timothy 2:6; followed by τότε or καί τότε, Matthew 5:24; Matthew 7:5; Matthew 12:29; Mark 3:27; Luke 6:42; John 2:10 (T WH omit; L Tr brackets τότε); ἐμέ πρῶτον ὑμῶν (Tdf. omits ὑμῶν) me before it hated you, John 15:18 (see 1 b. ἆ.). τό πρῶτον. at the first, i. e. at the time when one did a thing for the first time: John 10:40; John 12:16; John 19:39. TGL πρῶτον.12

b. in enumerating several particulars; first, then, etc.: Romans 3:2; 1 Corinthians 11:18; 1 Corinthians 12:28; Hebrews 7:2; James 3:17. TGL πρῶτον.13

πρῶτος TGL πρῶτος.1

(4413) πρῶτος, πρώτη, πρῶτον (superlative of πρό, contracted from προατος, whence the Doric πρατός; the comparitive πρότερος see in its place) (from Homer down), the Sept. for רִאשׁון and often for אֶחַד and רֹאשׁ, first; TGL πρῶτος.2

1. either in time or place, in any succession of things or of persons; TGL πρῶτος.3

a. absolutely (i. e. without a noun) and substantively; TGL πρῶτος.4

b. where it agrees with some substantive; TGL πρῶτος.7

3. neuter πρῶτον as adverb, first, at the first; TGL πρῶτος.11

b. in enumerating several particulars; first, then, etc.: Romans 3:2; 1 Corinthians 11:18; 1 Corinthians 12:28; Hebrews 7:2; James 3:17. TGL πρῶτος.13

πρωτοστάτης TGL πρωτοστάτης.1

(4414) πρωτοστάτης, πρωτοστατου, ὁ (πρῶτος and ἵστημι), properly, one who stands in the front rank, a front-rank man, (Thucydides , Xenophon , Polybius , Diodorus , Dionysius Halicarnassus , others; ὥσπερ στρατηγός πρωτοστάτης, Job 15:24); hence, a leader, chief, champion: tropically, (A. V. a ringleader) τῆς αἱρέσεως, Acts 24:1-27 TGL πρωτοστάτης.2

πρωτοτόκια TGL πρωτοτόκια.1

(4415) πρωτοτόκια, πρωτοτοκιων, τά (πρωτότοκος), in the Sept. also πρωτοτοκεια (others, πρωτοτοκεια (cf. Chandler § 99), πρωτοτόκια, manuscript Venet., Aq. ), for בְּכורָה, primogeniture, the right of the firstborn (in classical Greek ἡ πρεσβεία, and τό πρεσβεῖον): Hebrews 12:16. (Philo repeats the word after the Sept. in his alleg. legg. 3, 69; sacrif. Abel. § 5. Occasionally also in Byzantine writings.) TGL πρωτοτόκια.2

πρωτότοκος TGL πρωτότοκος.1

(4416) πρωτότοκος, πρωτότοκον (πρῶτος, τίκτω), the Sept. for בְּכור, firstborn; TGL πρωτότοκος.2

a. properly: τόν υἱόν αὐτῆς τόν πρωτότοκον, Matthew 1:25 (where τόν πρωτότοκον is omitted by L T Tr WH but found in the Sinaiticus manuscript. (see Tdf. , WH ., at the passage)); Luke 2:7; τά πρωτότοκα αὐτῶν (genitive of the possessor ((?); αὐτῶν is more naturally taken with θίγῃ (Winer 's Grammar, § 30, 8 c.), as by Prof. Grimm himself under the word θιγγάνω)), the firstborn whether of man or of beast, Hebrews 11:28 (πᾶν πρωτότοκον... ἀπό ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους, Exodus 12:29; Psalm 104:36 (Psalms 105:36); (Philo de cherub. § 16; Pollux 4, 208)). TGL πρωτότοκος.3

b. tropically Christ is called πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως (partitive genitive (see below), as in τά πρωτότοκα τῶν προβάτων, Genesis 4:4; τῶν βοῶν, Deuteronomy 12:17; τῶν υἱῶν σου, Exodus 22:29), who came into being through God prior to the entire universe of created things (R. V. the firstborn of all creation) (see κτίσις , 2 b.), Colossians 1:15; — this passage does not with certainty prove that Paul reckoned the λόγος in the number of created beings (as, among others, Usteri, Paulin. Lehrbegriff., p. 315, and Baur, Das Christenthum der drei ersten Jahrhh. 1st edition, p. 295, hold); since even Origen , who is acknowledged to have maintained the eternal generation of the Son by the Father, did not hesitate to call him (cf. Gieseler, Kirch.-Gesch. i., p. 261f edition 3; (i. 216 English translation, of edition 4, edited by Smith)) τόν ἀγενητον καί πάσης γενετῆς φύσεως πρωτότοκον (c. Celsus 6, 17), and even κτίσμα (a term which Clement of Alexandria also uses of the λόγος); cf. Joan. Damascen. orthod. fid. 4, 8 καί αὐτός ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ καί ἡ κτίσις ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ; (others would make the genitive in Colossians, the passage cited depend upon the comparitive force in (the first half of) πρωτότοκος (cf. πρωτότοκος ἐγώ ἤ σύ, 2 Samuel 19:43); but see Lightfoot at the passage (especially for the patristic interpretation)). In the same sense, apparently, he is called simply ὁ πρωτότοκος, Hebrews 1:6; πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, the first of the dead who was raised to life, Colossians 1:18; also τῶν νεκρῶν (partitive genitive), Revelation 1:5 (Rec. inserts ἐκ); πρωτότοκος ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, who was the Son of God long before those who by his agency and merits are exalted to the nature and dignity of sons of God, with the added suggestion of the supreme rank by which he excels these other sons (cf. Psalm 88:28 (Psalms 89:28); Exodus 4:22; Jeremiah 38:9 (Jeremiah 31:9), Romans 8:29; ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων, the congregation of the pious Christian dead already exalted to the enjoyment of the blessedness of heaven (tacitly opposed to those subsequently to follow them thither), Hebrews 12:23; cf. DeWette ad loc. (Anthol. 8, 34; 9, 213.) TGL πρωτότοκος.4

πταίω TGL πταίω.1

(4417) πταίω; future πταίσω; 1 aorist ἐπταισα; (akin to ΠΑΤΩ and πίπτω (cf. Vanicek , p. 466)); from (Pindar ), Aeschylus , and Herodotus down; TGL πταίω.2

1. transitive, τινα, to cause one to stumble or fall. TGL πταίω.3

2. intransitive, to stumble: δίς πρός τόν αὐτόν λίθον, Polybius 31, 19, 5. tropically (cf. English trip, stumble) TGL πταίω.4

a. to err, to make a mistake (Plato , Theact c. 15, p. 160 d.); to sin: absolutely Romans 11:11 (ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν καί τούς πταιοντας, Antoninus 7, 22); πολλά, in many ways, James 3:2; ἐν ἑνί (namely, νόμῳ), to stumble in, i. e. sin against, one law, James 2:10 (but see εἷς , 2 a. at the end); ἐν λόγῳ (for the (more common) simple dative), to sin in word or speech, James 3:2. TGL πταίω.5

b. to fall into misery, become wretched (often so in Greek writings): of the loss of salvation, 2 Peter 1:10. TGL πταίω.6

πτέρνα TGL πτέρνα.1

(4418) πτέρνα, πτέρνης, ἡ, the heel (of the foot): ἐπαίρειν τήν πτέρναν ἐπί τινα, to lift up the heel against one, i. e. dropping the figure (which is borrowed either from kicking, or from a wrestler tripping up his antagonist), to injure one by trickery, John 13:18 after Psalms 40:10 (Psalms 41:9). (Often in Greek writings from Homer down; the Sept. for עָקֵב.) TGL πτέρνα.2

πτερύγιον TGL πτερύγιον.1

(4419) πτερύγιον, πτερυγίου, τό (diminutive of πτέρυξ, which see), the Sept. for כָּנָף; TGL πτερύγιον.2

1. a wing, little wing. TGL πτερύγιον.3

2. any pointed extremity (of the fins of fish, סַנְפִּיר, Leviticus 11:9-12; Deuteronomy 14:9, Deuteronomy 14:10; Aristotle , Theophrastus ; of a part of the dress hanging down in the form of a wing, Ruth 3:9; 1 Samuel 24:5; (Numbers 15:38); Pollux 7, 14, 62): τό πτερύγιον τοῦ ναοῦ and τοῦ ἱεροῦ, the top of the temple at Jerusalem, Hegesippus (circa ) quoted in Eusebius , h. e. 2, 23, 11; τοῦ ἱεροῦ, Matthew 4:5; Luke 4:9; some understand this of the top or apex of the sanctuary (τοῦ ναοῦ), others of the top of Solomon's porch, and others of the top of the Royal Portico; this last Josephus (Antiquities 15, 11, 5) says was of such great height ὡς εἰ ἀπ' ἄκρου τοῦ ταύτης τέγους ἄμφω συντιθεις τά βάθη διοπτευοι σκοτοδινιαν, οὐκ ἐξικνουμενης τῆς ὄψεως εἰς ἀμέτρητον τόν βυθόν; (cf. Recovery of Jerusalem, especially chapter v.). TGL πτερύγιον.4

πτέρυξ TGL πτέρυξ.1

(4420) πτέρυξ, πτέρυγος, ἡ (πτερόν a wing), from Homer down, the Sept. often for כָּנָף; a wing: of birds, Matthew 23:37: Luke 13:34; Revelation 12:14; of imaginary creatures, Revelation 4:8; Revelation 9:9. TGL πτέρυξ.2

πτηνός TGL πτηνός.1

(4421) πτηνός, πτηνη, πτηνον (πέτομαι, πτῆναι), furnished with wings; winged, flying: τά πτηνα, birds (often so in Greek writings from Aeschylus down), 1 Corinthians 15:39. TGL πτηνός.2

πτοέω TGL πτοέω.1

(4422) πτοέω, πτόω: 1 aorist passive ἐπτοήθην; (πτόα terror); from Homer down; to terrify; passive, to be terrified (the Sept. chiefly for חָתַת): Luke 21:9; Luke 24:37 (Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading θροηθεντες. Synonym: see φοβέω , at the end.) TGL πτοέω.2

πτόησις TGL πτόησις.1

(4423) πτόησις, πτοησεως, ἡ (πτοέω), terror: φοβεῖσθαι πτόησιν, equivalent to φόβον φοβεῖσθαι, to be afraid with terror (others take πτόησις objectively: R. V. text to be put in fear by any terror), 1 Peter 3:6 (Proverbs 3:25); see φοβέω , 2; (Winer s Grammar, § 32, 2; Buttmann , § 131, 5. (1 Macc. 3:25; Philo , quis rev. div. her. § 51)). TGL πτόησις.2

Πτολεμαΐς TGL Πτολεμαΐς.1

(4424) Πτολεμαΐς, Πτολεμιδος, ἡ, Ptolemais, a maritime city of Phoenicia, which got its name, apparently, from Ptolemy Lathyrus (who captured it , and rebuilt it more beautifully (cf. Josephus , Antiquities 13, 12, 2f)); it is called in Judges 1:31 and in the Talmud עַכּו, in the Sept. Ακχω, by the Greeks Ἄκη (on the varying accent cf. Pape , Eigennam. under the word Πτολεμαΐς), and Romans Ace, and by modern Europeans (Acre or) St. Jean d' Acre (from a church erected there in the middle ages to St. John); it is now under Turkish rule and contains about 8000 inhabitants (cf. Baedeker, Palestine and Syria, English edition, p. 356): Acts 21:7. (Often mentioned in the books of the Maccabees and by Josephus under the name of Πτολεμαΐς, cf. especially b. j. 2, 10, 2f; (see Reland, Palaest., p. 534ff; Ritter, Palestine, English translation, iv., p. 361ff).) TGL Πτολεμαΐς.2

πτύον TGL πτύον.1

(4425) πτύον, πτυου, τό, frequent in classical Greek from Homer down, Attic πτεον Winer s Grammar, 24 ((perhaps from the root, pu, 'to cleanse'; cf. Curtius , p. 498f)), a winnowing-shovel (A. V. fan; cf. B. D. under the word , at the end; Rich, Dict. of Antiq. , see under the words, ventilabrum, pala 2, vannus): Matthew 3:12; Luke 3:17. TGL πτύον.2

πτύρω TGL πτύρω.1

(4426) πτύρω: ((cf. Curtius , p. 706)); to frighten, affright: present passive participle πτυρόμενος, Philippians 1:28. (Hippocrates (), Plato , Diodorus , Plutarch , others.) TGL πτύρω.2

πτύσμα TGL πτύσμα.1

(4427) πτύσμα, πτύσματος, τό (πτύω, which see), spittle: John 9:6 ((Hippocrates ), Polybius 8, 14, 5; Or. Sibylline 8, 411). TGL πτύσμα.2

πτύσσω TGL πτύσσω.1

(4428) πτύσσω: 1 aorist participle πτύξας; in classical Greek from Homer down; to fold together, roll up: τό βιβλίον, Luke 4:20 (A. V. closed); see ἀναπτύσσω (and cf. Schlottmann in Riehm under the word Schrift; Strack: in Herzog edition 2 under the word Sehreibkunst, etc. Compare: ἀναπτύσσω.) TGL πτύσσω.2

πτύω TGL πτύω.1

(4429) πτύω: ((Latinspuo , ourspue ; Curtius , § 382)); 1 aorist ἐπτυσα; from Homer down; to spit: Mark 7:33; Mark 8:23; John 9:6. (Compare: ἐκπτύω, ἐμπτύω.) TGL πτύω.2

πτῶμα TGL πτῶμα.1

(4430) πτῶμα, πτώματος, τό (πίπτω, perfect πέπτωκα); TGL πτῶμα.2

1. in Greek writings from Aeschylus down, a fall, downfall; metaphorically, a failure, defeat, calamity; an error lapse, sin. TGL πτῶμα.3

2. that which is fallen; hence, with the genitive of a person or with νεκροῦ added, the (fallen) body of one dead or slain, a corpse, carcase; later also with νεκροῦ omitted (Polybius , the Sept. , Philo , Joseph, Plutarch , Herodian), cf. Thomas Magister , p. 765 (edited by Ritschl, p. 290, 14); Phryn. ed. Lob. , p. 375; (Winer 's Grammar, 23), and so in the N. T.: Matthew 14:12 L T Tr WH ; Mark 15:45 L T Tr WH ; Matthew 24:28; τίνος, Mark 6:29; Revelation 11:8, Revelation 11:9. TGL πτῶμα.4

πτῶσις TGL πτῶσις.1

(4431) πτῶσις, πτώσεως, ἡ (πίπτω, perfect πέπτωκα), a falling, downfall: properly, τῆς οἰκίας, Matthew 7:27 (πτωσεις οἴκων, Manetho , 4, 617); tropically, εἰς πτῶσιν πολλῶν (opposed to εἰς ἀνάστασιν), that many may fall and bring upon themselves ruin, i. e. the loss of salvation, utter misery, Luke 2:34, cf. Romans 11:11. (The Sept. chiefly for מַגֵּפָה, plague, defeat.) TGL πτῶσις.2

πτωχεία TGL πτωχεία.1

(4432) πτωχεία, πτωχείας, ἡ (πτωχεύω); TGL πτωχεία.2

1. beggary (Herodotus 3, 14; Aristophanes , Plutarch , 549; Plato , legg. 11, p. 936{b}; Lysias p. 898, 9; Aristotle , poet. c. 23 p. 1459^b, 6). TGL πτωχεία.3

2. in the N. T. poverty, the condition of one destitute of riches and abundance: opposed to πλουτεῖν, 2 Corinthians 8:9; opposed to πλούσιος, Revelation 2:9; ἡ κατά βάθους πτωχεία (opposed to πλοῦτος), deep, i. e. extreme poverty (see κατά , I. 1 b.), 2 Corinthians 8:2. (The Sept. chiefly for ענִי, affliction, misery.) TGL πτωχεία.4

πτωχεύω TGL πτωχεύω.1

(4433) πτωχεύω: 1 aorist ἐπτώχευσα; (πτωχός, which see); properly, to be a beggar, to beg; so in classical Greek from Homer down; in the N. T. once, to be poor: 2 Corinthians 8:9, on which see πλούσιος , b. at the end (Tobit 4:21; the Sept. for דָּלַל to be weak, afflicted, Judges 6:6; Psalms 78:8 (Psalms 79:8; for נורַשׁ to be reduced to want, Proverbs 23:21; רוּשׁ to be needy, Psalms 33:11 (Psalms 34:11). TGL πτωχεύω.2

πτωχός TGL πτωχός.1

(4434) πτωχός, πτωχή, πτωχόν (πτώσσω, to be thoroughly frightened, to cower down or hide oneself for fear; hence, πτωχός properly, one who slinks and crouches), often involving the idea of roving about in wretchedness (see πένης , at the end; "but it always had a bad sense till it was ennobled in the Gospels; see Matthew 5:3; Luke 6:20, cf. 2 Corinthians 8:9" (Liddell and Scott, under I.)); hence, TGL πτωχός.2

1. in classical Greek from Homer down, reduced to beggary, begging, mendicant, asking alms: Luke 14:13, Luke 14:21; Luke 16:20, Luke 16:22. TGL πτωχός.3

2. poor, needy (opposed to πλούσιος): Matthew 19:21; Matthew 26:9, Matthew 26:11; Mark 10:21; Mark 12:42, Mark 12:43; Mark 14:5, Mark 14:7; Luke 18:22; Luke 19:8; Luke 21:3; John 12:5, John 12:6, John 12:8; John 13:29; Romans 15:26; 2 Corinthians 6:10; Galatians 2:10; James 2:2, James 2:3, James 2:6; Revelation 13:16; in a broader sense, destitute of wealth, influence, position, honors; lowly, afflicted: Matthew 11:5; Luke 4:18 (from Isaiah 61:1); Isa. 6:20; Isaiah 7:22; οἱ πτωχοί τοῦ κόσμου (partitive genitive), the poor of the human race, James 2:5; but the more correct reading is that of L T Tr WH viz. τῷ κόσμῳ (unto the world), i. e. the ungodly world being judge, cf. Winer s Grammar, § 31, 4 a.; Buttmann , § 133, 14; (R. V. as to the world (see next head, and cf. κόσμος , 7)). tropically, destitute of the Christian virtues and the eternal riches, Revelation 3:17; like the Latininops , equivalent to helpless, powerless to accomplish an end: στοιχεῖα, Galatians 4:9 (`bringing no rich endowment of spiritual treasure' (Lightfoot )). TGL πτωχός.4

3. universally, lacking in anything, with a dative of the respect: τῷ πνεύματι, as respects their spirit, i. e. destitute of the wealth of learning and intellectual culture which the schools afford (men of this class most readily gave themselves up to Christ's teaching and proved themselves fitted to lay hold of the heavenly treasure, Matthew 11:25; John 9:39; 1 Corinthians 1:26, 1 Corinthians 1:27; (others make the idea more inward and ethical: 'conscious of their spiritual need')), Matthew 5:3; compare with this the Epistle of Barnabas 19 [ET], see ἔσῃ ἁπλοῦς τῇ καρδία καί πλούσιος τῷ πνεύματι, abounding in Christian graces and the riches of the divine kingdom. (The Sept. for עָנִי, דַּל, רָשׁ, אֶבְיון, etc.) TGL πτωχός.5

πυγμή TGL πυγμή.1

(4435) πυγμή, πυγμης, ἡ (πύξ, from ΠΥΚΩ, Latinpungo, pupugi (pugnus; O. H. G. 'fust', English 'fist'; cf. Curtius , § 384)), from Homer down, the Sept. for אֶנְרוף (Exodus 21:18; Isaiah 58:4), the fist: πυγμή νίπτεσθαι τάς χεῖρας, to wash the hands with the fist, i. e. so that one hand is rubbed with the clenched fist of the other (R. V. marginal reading (after Theoph., others) up to the elbow; but cf. Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, 2:11), Mark 7:3 (where Tdf. πυκνά, see πυκνός ). (Cf. James Morison's Commentary at the passage.) TGL πυγμή.2

πύθων TGL πύθων.1

(4436) Πυθών, Πύθωνος, ὁ, Python; TGL πύθων.2

1. in Greek mythology the name of the Pythian serpent or dragon that dwelt in the region of Pytho at the foot of Parnassus in Phocis, and was said to have guarded the oracle of Delphi and been slain by Apollo. TGL πύθων.3

2. equivalent to δαιμόνιον μαντικον (Hesychius , under the word), a spirit of divination: πνεῦμα Πύθωνος, or more correctly (with L T Tr WH ) πνεῦμα πύθωνα (on the union of two substantives one of which has the force of an adjective see Matthiae , p. 962, 4; (Kühner, § 405, 1; Lob. Paralip. 344f)), Acts 16:16; some interpreters think that the young woman here mentioned was a ventriloquist, appealing to Plutarch , who tells us (mor., p. 414 e. de def. orac. 9) that in his time ἐγγαστριμυθοι were called πυθωνες; (cf. Meyer). TGL πύθων.4

πυκνός TGL πυκνός.1

(4437) πυκνός, πυκνη, πυκνόν (ΠΥΚΩ, see πυγμή ), from Homer down, thick, dense, compact; in reference to time, frequent, often recurring (so in Greek writings from Aeschylus down), 1 Timothy 5:23; neuter plural πυκνά, as adverb (Winer s Grammar, 463 (432); Buttmann , § 128, 2), vigorously, diligently (?(cf. Morison as in πυγμή)), Mark 7:3 Tdf. ; often, Luke 5:33; πυκνότερον, more frequently, the oftener, Acts 24:26. TGL πυκνός.2

πυκτεύω TGL πυκτεύω.1

(4438) πυκτεύω; (πύκτης a pugilist (see πυγμή , at the beginning)); to be a boxer, to box (A. V. fight): 1 Corinthians 9:26. (Euripides , Xenophon , Plato , Plutarch , others.) TGL πυκτεύω.2

πύλη TGL πύλη.1

(4439) πύλη, πύλης, ἡ (perhaps feminine of πόλος (cf. English pole i. e. axis) from the root πελῶ, to turn (Curtius , p. 715)), from Homer down; the Sept. very often for שַׁעַר, occasionally for דְּלֵת, sometimes for פֶּתַח; a gate (of the larger sort, in the wall either of a city or a palace; Thomas Magister (p. 292, 4) πύλαι ἐπί τείχους. θύραι ἐπί οἰκίας): of a town, Luke 7:12; Acts 9:24; Acts 16:13 L T Tr WH ; Hebrews 13:12; of the temple, Acts 3:10; in the wall of a prison, Acts 12:10; πύλαι ᾅδου, the gates of Hades (likened to a vast prison; hence, the 'keys' of Hades, Revelation 1:18), Matthew 16:18 (on which see κατισχύω ); Wis. 16:13; 3Macc. 5:51, and often by secular writings; see Grimm on 3Macc. 5:51. in figurative discourse equivalent to access or entrance into any state: Matthew 7:13{a},13{b} R G T brackets Tr WH marginal reading, 14 R G L brackets T brackets Tr WH ; Luke 13:24 R L marginal reading (On its omission see προβατικός .) TGL πύλη.2

πυλών TGL πυλών.1

(4440) πυλών, πυλῶνος, ὁ (πύλη) (Aristotle , Polybius , others), the Sept. often for פֶּתַח, sometimes for שַׁעַר; TGL πυλών.2

1. a large gate: of a palace, Luke 16:20; of a house, Acts 10:17; plural (of the gates of a city), Acts 14:13; Revelation 21:12, Revelation 21:13, Revelation 21:15, Revelation 21:21, Revelation 21:25; Revelation 22:14. TGL πυλών.3

2. the anterior part of a house, into which one enters through the gate, porch: Matthew 26:71 (cf. 69 and 75); Acts 12:14; hence, ἡ θύρα τοῦ πυλῶνος, Acts 12:13. TGL πυλών.4

πυνθάνομαι TGL πυνθάνομαι.1

(4441) πυνθάνομαι; imperfect ἐπυνθανομην; 2 aorist ἐπυθόμην; (cf. Curtius , § 328); a deponent verb; as in classical Greek from Homer down. TGL πυνθάνομαι.2

1. to inquire, ask: followed by an indirect question — with the indicative Acts 10:18; with the optative, John 13:24 R G ; Luke 15:26; Luke 18:36; Acts 21:33; followed by a direct question, Acts 4:7; Acts 10:29; Acts 23:19; παρά τίνος τί (Buttmann , 167 (146)), John 4:52; παρά τίνος followed by an indirect question with the indicative Matthew 2:4; τί περί τίνος, Acts 23:20. TGL πυνθάνομαι.3

2. to ascertain by inquiry: followed by ὅτι, Acts 23:34 (A. V. understood). TGL πυνθάνομαι.4

πῦρ TGL πῦρ.1

(4442) πῦρ, genitive πυρός, τό (probably from Sanskrit pu , 'to purify' (cf. German fever); Vanicek , p. 541; Curtius , § 385), from Homer down; Hebrew אֵשׁ; fire: Matthew 3:10, Matthew 3:12; Matthew 7:19; Matthew 17:15; Mark 9:22; Luke 3:9, Luke 3:17; Luke 9:54; John 15:6; Acts 2:19; Acts 28:5; 1 Corinthians 3:13; Hebrews 11:34; James 3:5; James 5:3; Revelation 8:5, Revelation 8:7; Revelation 9:17, Revelation 9:18; Revelation 11:5; Revelation 13:13; Revelation 14:18; Revelation 15:2; Revelation 16:8; Revelation 20:9; ά῾πτειν πῦρ, to kindle a fire, Luke 22:55 (T Tr text WH περιαψάντων); ἔβρεξε πῦρ καί θεῖον, Luke 17:29; κατακαίειν τί ἐν (T omits; WH brackets ἐν) πυρί, Revelation 17:16; Revelation 18:8; καίομαι πυρί, Matthew 13:40 (R L T WH κατακαίεται); Hebrews 12:18 (Winer 's Grammar, § 31, 7 d.); Revelation 8:8; Revelation 21:8; φλόξ πυρός, a fiery flame or flame of fire, Acts 7:30; 2 Thessalonians 1:8 L text Tr text; Hebrews 1:7; Revelation 1:14; Revelation 2:18; Revelation 19:12 (Exodus 3:2, the Alex. manuscript; Isaiah 29:6); πῦρ φλογός, a flaming fire or fire of flame, 2 Thessalonians 1:8 R G L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH (Exodus 3:2, the Vaticanus manuscript; Sir. 45:19); λαμπάδες πυρός, lamps of fire, Revelation 4:5; στῦλοι πυρός, Revelation 10:1; ἄνθρακες πυρός coals of fire, Romans 12:20 (see ἄνθραξ ); γλῶσσαι ὡσεί πυρός, which had the shape of little flames, Acts 2:3; δοκιμάζειν διά πυρός, 1 Peter 1:7; πυροῦσθαι (see πυρόω , b.) ἐκ πυρός, Revelation 3:18; ὡς διά πυρός, as one who in a conflagration has escaped through the fire not uninjured, i. e. dropping the figure, not without damage, 1 Corinthians 3:15; מֵאֵשׁ מֻצָּל, Zechariah 3:2, cf. Amos 4:11. of the fire of hell we find the following expressions — which are to be taken either tropically (of the extreme penal torments which the wicked are to undergo after their life on earth; so in the discourses of Jesus), or literally (so apparently in the Apocalypse): τό πῦρ, Mark 9:44, Mark 9:46,(T WH omit; Tr brackets both verses),48; τό πῦρ τό αἰώνιον, Matthew 18:8; Matthew 25:41, cf. Matthew 25:4 Macc. 12:12; ἄσβεστον, Mark 9:43, Mark 9:45 (G T Tr WH omit; L brackets the clause); πυρός αἰωνίου δίκην ὑπέχειν, Jude 1:7; γηννα τοῦ πυρός, Matthew 5:22; Matthew 18:9; Mark 9:47 (R G Tr brackets); κάμινος τοῦ πυρός, Matthew 13:42, Matthew 13:50 (Daniel 3:6); ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός, Revelation 19:20; Revelation 20:10, Revelation 20:14, Revelation 20:15; πυρί τηρεῖσθαι, 2 Peter 3:7; βασανισθῆναι ἐν πυρί, Revelation 14:10 (cf. Luke 16:24); βαπτίζειν τινα πυρί (see βαπτίζω , II. b. bb.), Matthew 3:11; Luke 3:16. the tongue is called πῦρ, as though both itself on fire and setting other things on fire, partly by reason of the fiery spirit which governs it, partly by reason of the destructive power it exercises, James 3:6; since fire disorganizes and sunders things joined together and compact, it is used to symbolize dissension, Luke 12:49. Metaphorical expressions: ἐκ πυρός ἁρπάζειν, to snatch from danger of destruction, Jude 1:23; πυρί ἁλίζεσθαι (see ἁλίζω ), Mark 9:49; ζῆλος πυρός, fiery, burning anger (see ζῆλος , 1), Hebrews 10:27 (πῦρ ζήλου, Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8); God is called πῦρ καταναλίσκον, as one who when angry visits the obdurate with penal destruction, Hebrews 12:29. TGL πῦρ.2

πυρά TGL πυρά.1

(4443) πυρά, πυράς, ἡ (πῦρ), from Homer down, a fire, a pile of burning fuel: Acts 28:2 TGL πυρά.2

πύργος TGL πύργος.1

(4444) πύργος, πύργου, ὁ (akin to German Burg, anciently Purg; (yet cf. Curtius , § 413)), as in Greek writings from Homer down, a tower; a fortified structure rising to a considerable height, to repel a hostile attack or to enable a watchman to see in every direction. The πύργος ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ ((which see)) seems to designate a tower in the walls of Jerusalem near the fountain of Siloam, Luke 13:4; the tower occupied by the keepers of a vineyard is spoken of in Matthew 21:33; Mark 12:1 (after Isaiah 5:2); a tower-shaped building as a safe and convenient dwelling, Luke 14:28. TGL πύργος.2

πυρέσσω TGL πυρέσσω.1

(4445) πυρέσσω; (πῦρ); (Vulg. , Celsus , Senec. , othersfebricito ); to be sick with a fever: Matthew 8:14; Mark 1:30. (Euripides , Aristophanes , Plutarch , Lucian , Galen , others.) TGL πυρέσσω.2

πυρετός TGL πυρετός.1

(4446) πυρετός, πυρετου, ὁ (πῦρ); TGL πυρετός.2

1. fiery heat (Homer , Iliad 22, 31 (but interpreters now give it the sense of 'fever' in this passage; cf. Ebeling, Lex. Homer under the word; Schmidt , Syn., chapter 60 § 14)). TGL πυρετός.3

2. fever: Matthew 8:15; Marki. 31; Luke 4:39; John 4:52; Acts 28:8, (Hippocrates , Aristophanes , Plato , and following; Deuteronomy 28:22); πυρετῷ μεγάλῳ, Luke 4:38 (as Galen de diff. feb. 1, 1 says συνηθες τοῖς ἰατροῖς ὀνομάζειν... τόν μέγαν τέ καί μικρόν πυρετον; (cf. Wetstein on Luke, the passage cited)). TGL πυρετός.4

πύρινος TGL πύρινος.1

(4447) πύρινος, πυρινη, πυρινον (πῦρ), fiery: θώρακες πυρίνους, i. e. shining like fire, Revelation 9:17. (Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:16; Aristotle , Polybius , Plutarch , others.) TGL πύρινος.2

πυρόω TGL πυρόω.1

(4448) πυρόω: passive, present πυροῦμαι; perfect participle πεπυρωμένος; (πῦρ); from Aeschylus and Pindar down; to burn with fire, to set on fire, to kindle; in the N. T. it is used only in the passive: TGL πυρόω.2

a. to be on fire, to burn: properly, 2 Peter 3:12; tropically, of the heat of the passions: of grief, 2 Corinthians 11:29 (English Versions burn (often understood of indignation, but cf. Meyer); Winer 's Grammar, 153 (145)); of anger, with τοῖς θυμοῖς added, equivalent to to be incensed, indignant, 2 Macc. 4:38 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; to be inflamed with sexual desire, 1 Corinthians 7:9. TGL πυρόω.3

b. perfect participle πεπυρωμένος, made to glow (R. V. refined): Revelation 1:15 ((cf. Buttmann , 80 (69) n.)); full of fire; fiery, ignited: τά βέλη... τά πεπυρωμένα darts filled with inflammable substances and set on fire, Ephesians 6:16 (Apollod. Bib. 2, 5, 2 § 3); melted by fire and purged of dross: χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρός, (refined by fire), Revelation 3:18 (so πυρόω in the Sept. for צָרַף; as τό ἀγρυριον, Job 22:25; Zechariah 13:9; Psalms 11:7 (Psalms 12:7); Psalms 65:10 (Psalms 66:10)). TGL πυρόω.4

πυρράζω TGL πυρράζω.1

(4449) πυρράζω; equivalent to πυρρός γίνομαι, to become glowing, grow red, be red: Matthew 16:2 (but T brackets; WH reject the passage) (Byzantine writings; πυρρίζω in the Sept. and Philo.) TGL πυρράζω.2

πυρρός TGL πυρρός.1

(4450) πυρρός, πυρρά, πυρρόν (from πῦρ), from Aeschylus and Herodotus down, having the color of fire, red: Revelation 6:4; Revelation 12:3. The Sept. several times for אָדֹם. TGL πυρρός.2

πύρωσις TGL πύρωσις.1

(4451) πύρωσις, πυρώσεως, ἡ (πυρόω), a burning: Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18; the burning by which metals are roasted or reduced; by a figure drawn from the refiner's fire (on which cf. Proverbs 27:21), calamities or trials that test character: 1 Peter 4:12 (Tertullian adv. Gnost. 12 ne expavescatis ustionem, quae agitur in vobis in tentationem), cf. 1 Peter 1:7 ((ἡ πύρωσις τῆς δοκιμασίας, 'Teaching etc. 16, 5 [ET])). (In the same and other senses by Aristotle , Theophrastus , Plutarch , others.) TGL πύρωσις.2

πώς TGL πώς.1

(4452) [πω, an enclitic particle, see μήπω etc.] TGL πώς.2

πωλέω TGL πωλέω.1

(4453) πωλέω, πώλω; imperfect ἐπώλουν; 1 aorist ἐπώλησα; present passive πωλοῦμαι; (πελῶ πέλομαι, to turn, turn about, (Curtius , § 633, p. 470), from which (through the noun πωλη; Lob. in Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii. 57 bottom) πωλοῦμαι, Latinversor , followed by εἰς with the accusative of place, to frequent a place; cf. the Latinvenio andveneo ); from Herodotus down; the Sept. for מָכַר; properly, to barter, i. e. to sell: absolutely (opposed to ἀγοράζειν), Luke 17:28; Revelation 13:17; οἱ πωλοῦντες (opposed to οἱ ἀγοράζοντες, buyers), sellers, Matthew 21:12; Matthew 25:9; Mark 11:15; Luke 19:45; with the accusative of a thing, Matthew 13:44; Matthew 19:21; Matthew 21:12; Mark 10:21; Mark 11:15; Luke (Luke 12:33); Luke 18:22; Luke 22:36; John 2:14, John 2:16; Acts 5:1; supply αὐτόν, Acts 4:37; αὐτά, Acts 4:34; passive, 1 Corinthians 10:25; with a genitive of price added, Matthew 10:29; Luke 12:6. TGL πωλέω.2

πῶλος TGL πῶλος.1

(4454) πῶλος, πωλου, ὁ (in classical Greek ἡ also) (Latinpullus , O. H. G. folo, English foal; perhaps allied with παῖς; cf. Curtius , § 387); TGL πῶλος.2

1. a colt, the young of the horse: so very often from Homer down. TGL πῶλος.3

2. universally, a young creature: Aelian v. h. 4, 9; specifically, of the young of various animals; in the N. T. of a young ass, an ass's colt: Matthew 21:2, Matthew 21:5, Matthew 21:7; Mark 11:2,(3 L marginal reading),4,5,7; Luke 19:30, Luke 19:33, Luke 19:35; John 12:15 (also in Geoponica ); the Sept. several times for עַיִר; for יַעֲלָה a female ibex, Proverbs 5:19. TGL πῶλος.4

πώποτε TGL πώποτε.1

(4455) πώποτε, adverb, ever, at any time: Luke 19:30; John 1:18; John 5:37; John 6:35; John 8:33; 1 John 4:12. ((From Homer down.)) TGL πώποτε.2

πωρόω TGL πωρόω.1

(4456) πωρόω, πώρω: 1 aorist ἐπωρωσα (John 12:40 T Tr WH ); perfect πεπώρωκα; perfect passive participle πεπωρωμενος; 1 aorist passive ἐπωρωθην; (πῶρος, hard skin, a hardening, induration); to cover with a thick skin, to harden by covering with a callus (R. V. everywhere simply to harden): metaphorically, καρδίαν, to make the heart dull, John 12:40; passive, to grow hard or callous, become dull, lose the power of understanding: Romans 11:7; τά νοήματα, 2 Corinthians 3:14; ἡ καρδία, Mark 6:52; Mark 8:17. Cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Mark, p. 78f; on Romans, ii., p. 451f. ((Hippocrates (), Aristotle , others.)) TGL πωρόω.2

πώρωσις TGL πώρωσις.1

(4457) πώρωσις, πωρωσεως, ἡ (πωρόω, which see), properly, the covering with a callus; tropically, obtuseness of mental discernment, dulled perception: γέγονε τίνι, the mind of one has been blunted (R. V. a hardening hath befallen), Romans 11:25; τῆς καρδίας (hardening of heart), of stubbornness, obduracy, Mark 3:5; Ephesians 4:18. ((Hippocrates )) TGL πώρωσις.2

πώς TGL πώς.1

(4458) πώς, an enclitic particle, on which see under εἴπως (i. e. εἰ, III. 14) and μήπως. See related Strong's entry Strong's 1513 and Strong's 3381. TGL πώς.2

πῶς TGL πῶς.1

(4459) πῶς (from the obsolete ΠΟΣ, whence ποῦ, ποῖ, etc. (cf. Curtius , § 631)), adverb (from Homer down); TGL πῶς.2

I. in interrogation; how? in what way? — in a direct question, followed by TGL πῶς.3

a. the indicative, it is the expression TGL πῶς.4

α. of one seeking information and desiring to be taught: Luke 1:34; Luke 10:26; John 3:9; John 9:26; 1 Corinthians 15:35 (cf. Winer 's Grammar, 266 (250)); πῶς οὖν, John 9:10 Tdf. (but L WH brackets οὖν), John 9:19; Romans 4:10. TGL πῶς.5

β. of one about to controvert another, and emphatically deny that the thing inquired about has happened or been done: Matthew 12:29; Mark 3:23; Luke 11:18; John 3:4, John 3:12; John 5:44, John 5:47; John 6:52; John 9:16; 1 John 3:17; 1 John 4:20; Romans 3:6; Romans 6:2; 1 Corinthians 14:7, 1 Corinthians 14:9, 1 Corinthians 14:16; 1 Timothy 3:5; Hebrews 2:3; καί πῶς, Mark 4:13; John 14:5 (here L text Tr WH omit καί); πῶς οὖν, Matthew 12:26; Romans 10:14 R G ; πῶς δέ, Romans 10:14 R G L marginal reading, 14b R G T , 15 R G (on this see in b. below). where something is asserted and an affirmative answer is expected, πῶς οὐχί is used: Romans 8:32; 2 Corinthians 3:8. TGL πῶς.6

γ. of surprise, intimating that what has been done or is said could not have been done or said, or not rightly done or said — being equivalent to how is it, or how has it come to pass, that etc.: Galatians 2:14 G L T Tr WH ; Matthew 22:12; John 4:9; John 6:52; John 7:15; πῶς λέγεις, λέγουσι, κτλ., Mark 12:35; Luke 20:41; John 8:38; καί πῶς, Luke 20:44; Acts 2:8; καί πῶς σύ λέγεις, John 12:34; John 14:9 (here L T WH omit; Tr brackets καί); πῶς οὖν, John 6:42 (here T WH Tr text πῶς νῦν); Matthew 22:43; πῶς οὐ, how is it that... not, why not? Matthew 16:11; Mark 8:21 R G L marginal reading; (R G T ); Luke 12:56. TGL πῶς.7

b. the deliberative subjunctive (where the question is, how that can be done which ought to be done): πῶς πληρωθῶσιν αἱ γραφαί, how are the Scriptures (which ought to be fulfilled) to be fulfilled? Matthew 26:54; πῶς φύγητε, how shall ye (who wish to escape) escape etc. Matthew 23:33; add, πῶς οὖν, Romans 10:14 L T Tr WH ; πῶς δέ, Romans 10:14 L text T Tr WH ; 14{b} L Tr WH ; 15 L T Tr WH (Sir. 49:11); cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 405f TGL πῶς.8

c. followed by ἄν with the optative: πῶς γάρ ἄν δυναίμην; Acts 8:31 (on which see ἄν , III., p. 34b). TGL πῶς.9

II. By a somewhat negligent use, occasionally met with, even in Attic writings, but more frequent in later authors, πῶς is found in indirect discourse, where regularly ὅπως ought to have stood; cf. Winer s Grammar, § 57, 2 at the end; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, IV.). TGL πῶς.10

a. with the indicative — present: Matthew 6:28; Mark 12:41; Luke 12:27; Acts 15:36; 1 Corinthians 3:10; Ephesians 5:15; Colossians 4:6; 1 Timothy 3:15; τό πῶς (on the article see ὁ , II. 10 a.); with the imperfect Luke 14:7; with the perfect, Revelation 3:3; with the aorist, Matthew 12:4; Mark 2:26 (here Tr WH brackets πῶς); Luke 8:36; Acts 9:27, etc.; after ἀναγινώσκειν, Mark 12:26 T Tr WH ; how it came to pass that, etc. John 9:15; with the future: μέριμνα, πῶς ἀρέσει (because the direct question would be πῶς ἀρέσω;), 1 Corinthians 7:32-34 (but L T Tr WH ἀρέσῃ); ἐζήτουν πῶς αὐτόν ἀπολέσουσιν, how they shall destroy him (so that they were in no uncertainty respecting his destruction, but were only deliberating about the way in which they will accomplish it), Mark 11:18 R G (but the more correct reading here, according to the best manuscripts, including codex Siniaticus, is ἀπολέσωσιν 'how they should destroy him' (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 41 b. 4 b.; Buttmann , § 139, 61; see the next entry)). TGL πῶς.11

b. with the subjunctive, of the aorist and in deliberation: Mark 11:18 L T Tr WH ; Mark 14:1, Mark 14:11 (R G ); Matthew 10:19; Luke 12:11; τό πῶς, Luke 22:2, Luke 22:4; Acts 4:21. TGL πῶς.12

III. in exclamation, how: πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν, Mark 10:24; πῶς παραχρῆμα, Matthew 21:20; πῶς δυσκόλως, Mark 10:23; Luke 18:24; with a verb, how (greatly): πῶς συνέχομαι, Luke 12:50; πῶς ἐφίλει αὐτόν, John 11:36. TGL πῶς.13