SUMMER — SUPERFICE

SUMMER — SUPERFICE NWAD SUMMER.1

SUMMER, n. One who casts up an account. NWAD SUMMER.1

SUMMER, n. With us, the season of the year comprehended in the months June, July and August; during which time, the sun being north of the equator, shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which, together with the increased length of the days, renders this the hottest period of the year. In latitudes south of the equator, just the opposite takes place, or it is summer there when it is winter here. NWAD SUMMER.2

The entire year is also sometimes divided into summer and winter, the former signifying the warmer and the latter the colder part of the year. NWAD SUMMER.3

SUMMER, v.i. To pass the summer or warm season. NWAD SUMMER.4

The fowls shall summer upon them. Isaiah 18:6. NWAD SUMMER.5

SUMMER, v.t. To keep warm. [Little used.] NWAD SUMMER.6

SUMMER, n. NWAD SUMMER.7

1. A large stone, the first that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make a cross vault; or a stone laid over a column, and hollowed to receive the first haunce of a platband. NWAD SUMMER.8

2. A large timber supported on two stone piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, etc. NWAD SUMMER.9

3. A large timber or beam laid as a central floor timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends of the joists and supporting them. This timber is seen in old buildings in America and in France. In America, it is wholly laid aside. It is called in England summer-tree. NWAD SUMMER.10

SUMMER-COLT, n. The undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Not used in America.] NWAD SUMMER-COLT.1

SUMMER-CYPRESS, n. A plant, a species of Chenopodium. NWAD SUMMER-CYPRESS.1

SUMMER-FALLOW, n. [See Fallow.] Naked fallow; land lying bare of crops in summer. NWAD SUMMER-FALLOW.1

SUMMER-FALLOW, v.t. To plow and work repeatedly in summer, to prepare for wheat or other crop. NWAD SUMMER-FALLOW.2

SUMMER-HOUSE, n. A house or apartment in a garden to be used in summer. NWAD SUMMER-HOUSE.1

1. A house for summer’s residence. NWAD SUMMER-HOUSE.2

SUMMERSET, n. A high leap in which the heels are thrown over the head. NWAD SUMMERSET.1

SUMMER-WHEAT, n. Spring wheat. NWAD SUMMER-WHEAT.1

SUMMING, ppr. of sum. Adding together. NWAD SUMMING.1

SUMMIST, n. One that forms an abridgment. [Little used.] NWAD SUMMIST.1

SUMMIT, n. [L. summitas, from summus, highest.] NWAD SUMMIT.1

1. The top; the highest point; as the summit of a mountain. NWAD SUMMIT.2

2. The highest point or degree; utmost elevation. The general arrived to the summit of human fame. NWAD SUMMIT.3

SUMMON, v.t. [L. submoneo; sub and moneo.] NWAD SUMMON.1

1. To call, cite or notify by authority to appear at a place specified, or to attend in person to some public duty, or both; as, to summon a jury; to summon witnesses. NWAD SUMMON.2

The parliament is summoned by the king’s writ or letter. NWAD SUMMON.3

Nor trumpets summon him to war. NWAD SUMMON.4

2. To give notice to a person to appear in court and defend. NWAD SUMMON.5

3. To call or command. NWAD SUMMON.6

Love, duty, safety summon us away. NWAD SUMMON.7

4. To call up; to excite into action or exertion; with up. Summon up all your strength or courage. NWAD SUMMON.8

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. NWAD SUMMON.9

SUMMONED, pp. Admonished or warned by authority to appear or attend to something; called or cited by authority. NWAD SUMMONED.1

SUMMONER, n. One who summons or cites by authority. In England, the sheriff’s messenger, employed to warn persons to appear in court. NWAD SUMMONER.1

SUMMONING, ppr. Citing by authority to appear or attend to something. NWAD SUMMONING.1

SUMMONS, n. with a plural termination, but used in the singular number; as a summons is prepared. [L. submoneas.] NWAD SUMMONS.1

A call by authority or the command of a superior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some public duty. NWAD SUMMONS.2

This summons he resolved not to disobey. NWAD SUMMONS.3

He sent to summon the seditious and to offer pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded. NWAD SUMMONS.4

1. In law, a warning or citation to appear in court; or a written notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the demand of the plaintiff. NWAD SUMMONS.5

SUMOOM, n. A pestilential wind of Persia. [See Simoom.] NWAD SUMOOM.1

SUMP, n. In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. NWAD SUMP.1

1. A pond of water reserved for salt-works. NWAD SUMP.2

2. In mining, a pit sunk below the bottom of the mine. NWAD SUMP.3

SUMPTER, n. A horse that carries clothes or furniture; a baggage-horse; usually called a pack-horse. NWAD SUMPTER.1

SUMPTION, n. [L. sumo, sumptus.] A taking. [Not in use.] NWAD SUMPTION.1

SUMPTUARY, a. [L. sumptuarius, from sumptus, expense.] NWAD SUMPTUARY.1

Relating to expense. Sumptuary laws or regulations are such as restrain or limit the expenses of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc. Sumptuary laws are abridgments of liberty, and of very difficult execution. They can be justified only on the ground of extreme necessity. NWAD SUMPTUARY.2

SUMPTUOSITY, n. [from sumptuous.] Expensiveness; costliness. [Not in use.] NWAD SUMPTUOSITY.1

SUMPTUOUS, a. [L. sumptuosus.] Costly; expensive; hence, splendid; magnificent; as a sumptuous house or table; sumptuous apparel. NWAD SUMPTUOUS.1

We are too magnificent and sumptuous in our tables and attendance. NWAD SUMPTUOUS.2

SUMPTUOUSLY, adv. Expensively; splendidly; with great magnificence. NWAD SUMPTUOUSLY.1

SUMPTUOUSNESS, n. Costliness; expensiveness. NWAD SUMPTUOUSNESS.1

I will not fall out with those who can reconcile sumptuousness and charity. NWAD SUMPTUOUSNESS.2

1. Splendor; magnificence. NWAD SUMPTUOUSNESS.3

SUN, n. NWAD SUN.1

1. The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the center of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all the planets. The light of the sun constitutes the day, and the darkness which proceeds form its absence, or the shade of the earth, constitutes the night. Psalm 136:8. NWAD SUN.2

2. In popular usage, a sunny place; a place where the beams of the sun fall; as, to stand in the sun, that is, to stand where the direct rays of the sun fall. NWAD SUN.3

3. Any thing eminently splendid or luminous; that which is the chief source of light or honor. The natives of America complain that the sun of their glory is set. NWAD SUN.4

I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignty to posterity. NWAD SUN.5

4. In Scripture, Christ is called the sun of righteousness, as the source of light, animation and comfort to his disciples. NWAD SUN.6

5. The luminary or orb which constitutes the center of any system of worlds. The fixed stars are supposed to be suns in their respective systems. NWAD SUN.7

Under the sun, in the world; on earth; a proverbial expression. NWAD SUN.8

There is no new thing under the sun. Ecclesiastes 1:9. NWAD SUN.9

SUN, v.t. To expose to the sun’s rays; to warm or dry in the light of the sun; to insolate; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain. NWAD SUN.10

--Then to sun thyself in open air. NWAD SUN.11

SUNBEAM, n. [sun and beam.] A ray of the sun. Truth written with a sunbeam, is truth made obviously plain. NWAD SUNBEAM.1

Gliding through the even on a sunbeam. NWAD SUNBEAM.2

SUN-BEAT, a. [sun and beat.] Struck by the sun’s rays; shone brightly on. NWAD SUN-BEAT.1

SUN-BRIGHT, a. [sun and bright.] Bright as the sun; like the sun in brightness; as a sun-bright shield; a sun-bright chariot. NWAD SUN-BRIGHT.1

How and which way I may bestow myself NWAD SUN-BRIGHT.2

To be regarded in her sun-bright eye. NWAD SUN-BRIGHT.3

SUN-BURNING, n. [sun and burning.] The burning or tan occasioned by the rays of the sun on the skin. NWAD SUN-BURNING.1

SUN-BURNT, a. [sun and burnt.] Discolored by the heat or rays of the sun; tanned; darkened in hue; as a sunburnt skin. NWAD SUN-BURNT.1

Sunburnt and swarthy though she be. NWAD SUN-BURNT.2

1. Scorched by the sun’s rays; as a sunburnt soil. NWAD SUN-BURNT.3

SUNCLAD, a. [sun and clad.] Clad in radiance or brightness. NWAD SUNCLAD.1

SUNDAY, n. The christian sabbath; the first day of the week, a day consecrated to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship. It is called also the Lord’s day. Many pious persons however discard the use of Sunday, and call the day the sabbath. NWAD SUNDAY.1

SUNDER, v.t. NWAD SUNDER.1

1. To part; to separate; to divide; to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; as, to sunder a rope or cord; to sunder a limb or joint; to sunder friends, or the ties of friendship. The executioner sunders the head from the body at a stroke. A mountain may be sundered by an earthquake. NWAD SUNDER.2

Bring me lightning, give me thunder; NWAD SUNDER.3

--Jove may kill, but ne’er shall sunder. NWAD SUNDER.4

2. To expose to the sun. [Provincial in England.] NWAD SUNDER.5

SUNDER, n. In sunder, in tow. NWAD SUNDER.6

He cutteth the spear in sunder. Psalm 46:9. NWAD SUNDER.7

SUNDERED, pp. Separated; divided; parted. NWAD SUNDERED.1

SUNDERING, ppr. Parting; separating. NWAD SUNDERING.1

SUN-DEW, n. [sun and dew.] A plant of the genus Drosera. NWAD SUN-DEW.1

SUN-DIAL, n. [sun and dial.] An instrument to show the time of day, by means of the shadow of a gnomon or style on a plate. NWAD SUN-DIAL.1

SUN-DRIED, a. [sun and dry.] Dried in the rays of the sun. NWAD SUN-DRIED.1

SUNDRY, a. Several; divers; more than one or two. [This word, like several, is indefinite; but it usually signifies a small number, sometimes many.] NWAD SUNDRY.1

I have composed sundry collects. NWAD SUNDRY.2

Sundry foes the rural realm surround. NWAD SUNDRY.3

SUNFISH, n. [sun and fish.] A name of the diodon, a genus of fishes of a very singular form, appearing like the fore part of the body of a very deep fish amputated in the middle. NWAD SUNFISH.1

The sunfish is the Tetraodon mola of Linne. NWAD SUNFISH.2

1. The basking shark. NWAD SUNFISH.3

SUNFLOWER, n. [sun and flower.] A plant of the genus Helianthus; so called from the form and color of its flower, or from its habit of turning to the sun. The bastard sunflower is of the genus Helenium; the dwarf sunflower is of the genus Rudbeckia, and another of the genus Tetragonotheca; the little sunflower is of the genus Cistus. NWAD SUNFLOWER.1

SUNG, pret. and pp. of sing. NWAD SUNG.1

While to his harp divine Amphion sung. NWAD SUNG.2

SUNK, pret. and pp. of sink. NWAD SUNK.1

Or toss’d by hope, or sunk by care. NWAD SUNK.2

SUNLESS, a. [sun and less.] Destitute of the sun or its rays; shaded. NWAD SUNLESS.1

SUNLIKE, a. [sun and like.] Resembling the sun. NWAD SUNLIKE.1

SUNNY, a. [from sun.] Like the sun; bright. NWAD SUNNY.1

1. Proceeding from the sun; as sunny beams. NWAD SUNNY.2

2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as the sunny side of a hill or building. NWAD SUNNY.3

Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores. NWAD SUNNY.4

3. Colored by the sun. NWAD SUNNY.5

Her sunny locks NWAD SUNNY.6

Hang on her temples like a golden fleece. NWAD SUNNY.7

SUNPROOF, a. [sun and proof.] Impervious to the rays of the sun. NWAD SUNPROOF.1

SUNRISE, SUNRISING, n. [sun and rise.] The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; or more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather. NWAD SUNRISE.1

1. The east. NWAD SUNRISE.2

SUNSET, SUNSETTING, n. [sun and set.] The descent of the sun below the horizon; or the time when the sun sets; evening. NWAD SUNSET.1

SUNSHINE, n. [sun and shine.] The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, or the place where they fall. NWAD SUNSHINE.1

But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon NWAD SUNSHINE.2

Culminate from th’ equator. NWAD SUNSHINE.3

1. A place warmed and illuminated; warmth; illumination. NWAD SUNSHINE.4

The man that sits within a monarch’s heart, NWAD SUNSHINE.5

And ripens in the sunshine of his favor. NWAD SUNSHINE.6

SUNSHINE, SUNSHINY, a. Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm or pleasant; as a sunshiny day; sunshiny weather. NWAD SUNSHINE.7

1. Bright like the sun. NWAD SUNSHINE.8

--Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield. NWAD SUNSHINE.9

SUP, v.t. To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip. NWAD SUP.1

There I’ll sup NWAD SUP.2

Balm and nectar in my cup. NWAD SUP.3

SUP, v.i. To eat the evening meal. NWAD SUP.4

When they had supped, they brought Tobias in. NWAD SUP.5

SUP, v.t. To treat with supper. NWAD SUP.6

Sup them well. [Not in use.] NWAD SUP.7

SUP, n. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip. NWAD SUP.8

Tom Thumb got a little sup. NWAD SUP.9

SUPER, a Latin preposition, Gr. signifies above, over, excess. It is much used in composition. NWAD SUPER.1

SUPERABLE, a. [L. superabilis, form supero, to overcome.] NWAD SUPERABLE.1

That may be overcome or conquered. These are superable difficulties. NWAD SUPERABLE.2

SUPERABLENESS, n. The quality of being conquerable or surmountable. NWAD SUPERABLENESS.1

SUPERABLY, adv. So as may be overcome. NWAD SUPERABLY.1

SUPERABOUND, v.i. [super and abound.] To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient. The country super-abounds with corn. NWAD SUPERABOUND.1

SUPERABOUNDING, ppr. A bounding beyond want or necessity; abundant to excess or a great degree. NWAD SUPERABOUNDING.1

SUPERABUNDANCE, n. More than enough; excessive abundance; as a superabundance of the productions of the earth. NWAD SUPERABUNDANCE.1

SUPERABUNDANT, a. Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; as superabundant zeal. NWAD SUPERABUNDANT.1

SUPERABUNDANTLY, adv. More than sufficiently. NWAD SUPERABUNDANTLY.1

SUPERACIDULATED, a. [super and acidulated.] Acidulated to excess. NWAD SUPERACIDULATED.1

SUPERADD, v.t. [super and add.] To add over and above; to add to what has been added. NWAD SUPERADD.1

1. To add or annex something extrinsic. NWAD SUPERADD.2

The strength of a living creature, in those external motions, is something distinct from and superadded to its natural gravity. NWAD SUPERADD.3

SUPERADDED, pp. Added over and above. NWAD SUPERADDED.1

SUPERADDING, ppr. Adding over and above; adding something extrinsic. NWAD SUPERADDING.1

SUPERADDITION, n. [super and addition.] NWAD SUPERADDITION.1

1. The act of adding to something, or of adding something extraneous. NWAD SUPERADDITION.2

2. That which is added. NWAD SUPERADDITION.3

This superaddition is nothing but fat. NWAD SUPERADDITION.4

SUPERADVENIENT, a. [L. superadveniens.] NWAD SUPERADVENIENT.1

1. Coming upon; coming to the increase or assistance of something. NWAD SUPERADVENIENT.2

When a man has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God-- NWAD SUPERADVENIENT.3

2. Coming unexpectedly. [This word is little used.] NWAD SUPERADVENIENT.4

SUPERANGELIC, a. [super and angelic.] Superior in nature or rank to the angels. One class of Unitarians believe Christ to be a superangelic being. NWAD SUPERANGELIC.1

SUPERANNUATE, v.t. [L. super and annus, a year.] To impair or disqualify by old age and infirmity; as a superannuated magistrate. NWAD SUPERANNUATE.1

SUPERANNUATE, v.i. To last beyond the year. [Not in use.] NWAD SUPERANNUATE.2

SUPERANNUATED, pp. Impaired or disqualified by old age. NWAD SUPERANNUATED.1

SUPERANNUATION, n. The state of being too old for office of business, or of being disqualified by old age. NWAD SUPERANNUATION.1

SUPERB, a. [L. superbus, proud, from super.] NWAD SUPERB.1

1. Grand; magnificent; as a superb edifice; a superb colonnade. NWAD SUPERB.2

2. Rich; elegant; as superb furniture or decorations. NWAD SUPERB.3

3. Showy; pompous; as a superb exhibition. NWAD SUPERB.4

4. Rich; splendid; as a superb entertainment. NWAD SUPERB.5

5. August; stately. NWAD SUPERB.6

SUPERBLY, adv. In a magnificent or splendid manner; richly; elegantly. NWAD SUPERBLY.1

SUPERCARGO, n. [super and cargo.] An officer or person in a merchant’s ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superintend all the commercial concerns of the voyage. NWAD SUPERCARGO.1

SUPERCELESTIAL, a. [super and celestial.] Situated above the firmament or great vault of heaven. NWAD SUPERCELESTIAL.1

SUPERCILIARY, a. [L. super and cilium, the eyebrow.] Situated or being above the eyebrow. NWAD SUPERCILIARY.1

The superciliary arch, is the bony superior arch of the orbit. NWAD SUPERCILIARY.2

SUPERCILIOUS, a. [L. superciliosus. See above.] NWAD SUPERCILIOUS.1

1. Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; as a supercilious officer. NWAD SUPERCILIOUS.2

2. Manifesting haughtiness, or proceeding from it; overbearing; as a supercilious air; supercilious behavior. NWAD SUPERCILIOUS.3

SUPERCILIOUSLY, adv. Haughtily; dogmatically; with an air of contempt. NWAD SUPERCILIOUSLY.1

SUPERCILIOUSNESS, n. Haughtiness; an overbearing temper or manner. NWAD SUPERCILIOUSNESS.1

SUPERCONCEPTION, n. [super and conception.] A conception after a former conception. NWAD SUPERCONCEPTION.1

SUPERCONSEQUENCE, n. [super and consequence.] Remote consequence. [Not used.] NWAD SUPERCONSEQUENCE.1

SUPERCRESCENCE, n. [L. super and crescens.] That which grows upon another growing thing. NWAD SUPERCRESCENCE.1

SUPERCRESCENT, a. [supra.] Growing on some other growing thing. NWAD SUPERCRESCENT.1

SUPEREMINENCE, SUPEREMINENCY, n. [L. super and emineo.] Eminence superior to what is common; distinguished eminence; as the supereminence of Cicero as an orator; the supereminence of Dr. Johnson as a writer, or of lord Chatham as a statesman. NWAD SUPEREMINENCE.1

SUPEREMINENT, a. Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ. NWAD SUPEREMINENT.1

SUPEREMINENTLY, adv. In a superior degree of excellence; with unusual distinction. NWAD SUPEREMINENTLY.1

SUPEREROGANT, a. Supererogatory, which see. NWAD SUPEREROGANT.1

SUPEREROGATE, v.i. [L. super and erogatio, erogo.] To do more than duty requires. Aristotle’s followers have supererogated in observance. [Little used.] NWAD SUPEREROGATE.1

SUPEREROGATION, n. [supra.] Performance of more than duty requires. NWAD SUPEREROGATION.1

There is no such thing as works of supererogation. NWAD SUPEREROGATION.2

SUPEREROGATIVE, a. Supererogatory. [Not much used.] NWAD SUPEREROGATIVE.1

SUPEREROGATORY, a. Performed to an extent not enjoined or not required by duty; as supererogatory services. NWAD SUPEREROGATORY.1

SUPERESSENTIAL, a. [super and essential.] Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing. NWAD SUPERESSENTIAL.1

SUPEREXALT, v.t. [super and exalt.] To exalt to a superior degree. NWAD SUPEREXALT.1

SUPEREXALTATION, n. [super and exaltation.] Elevation above the common degree. NWAD SUPEREXALTATION.1

SUPEREXCELLENCE, n. [super and excellence.] Superior excellence. NWAD SUPEREXCELLENCE.1

SUPEREXCELLENT, a. Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent. NWAD SUPEREXCELLENT.1

SUPEREXCRESCENCE, n. [super and excrescence.] Something superfluously growing. NWAD SUPEREXCRESCENCE.1

SUPERFECUNDITY, n. [super and fecundity.] Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species. NWAD SUPERFECUNDITY.1

SUPERFETATE, v.i. [L. super and foetus.] To conceive after a prior conception. NWAD SUPERFETATE.1

The female is said to superfetate. NWAD SUPERFETATE.2

SUPERFETATION, n. A second conception after a prior one, and before the birth of the first, by which two fetuses are growing at once in the same matrix. NWAD SUPERFETATION.1