IGICE CYA 16 - ABAKURAMBERE B’ABIMUKIRA

Ubwo Abagorozi bo mu Bwongereza bangaga inyigisho z’i Roma, bakomeje gukora imwe mu migenzo y’itorero ry’i Roma. Bityo, nubwo bari baranze ubutegetsi n’indangakwemera bya Roma, hari byinshi mu migenzo n’imihango byinjijwe mu buryo bwo gusenga bw’Itorero ry’Ubwongereza. Bavugaga ko ibyo atari ikibazo kireba umutimanama; ko nubwo ibyo bitari bitegetswe n’Ibyanditswe Byera kandi bikaba bitari na ngombwa, nyamara kandi ntibibe bibuzanyijwe, ntabwo byo ubwabyo byari bibi. Kubikurikiza byerekezaga ku kugabanya umworera watandukanyaga itorero ry’i Roma n’amatorero avuguruwe, ndetse bavugaga ko ibyo bishobora gutuma abayoboke b’itorero ry’i Roma bemera ukwizera kw’Abaporotesitanti.II 302.1

Ibyo bitekerezo byanogeye abadashaka kuva ku izima kandi bashaka ubwumvikane. Nyamara hari hariho irindi tsinda ritabibonaga rityo. Uko babibonaga, kuba iyo migenzo ” yarerekezaga ku kubaka iteme rihuza Roma n’Ubugorozi”, ^{329Martyn, volume 5, p.22.} iyo yari impamvu ihagije yo gutuma barwanya kuyigumana. Bafataga iyo migenzo nk’ibimenyetso by’uburetwa bari barakuwemo kandi batashoboraga kongera gusubiramo rwose. Batekerezaga ko mu Ijambo ryayo Imana yashyizemo amabwiriza agenga uko ikwiriye gusengwa, kandi ko abantu badafite umudendezo wo kugira icyo bongeraho cyangwa bagabanyaho. Itangiriro ry’ubuhakanyi bukomeye ryatangiriye ku gushaka gufata ubutegetsi bw’Imana bugasimbuzwa ubw’Itorero. Roma yatangiye ibuzanya ibyo Imana itigeze ibuzanya maze iherukiriza ku kubuzanya ibyo Imana yategetse.II 302.2

Abantu benshi bashakaga cyane kugaruka ku butungane no kwiyoroshya byarangaga itorero rya mbere. Bafataga byinshi mu migenzo yahawe intebe mu Itorero ry’Ubwongereza nk’aho ari amashusho yo gusenga ibigirwamana, bityo mu mutimanama wabo ntibashoboraga kwifatanya n’iryo torero mu masengesho yaryo. Ariko kubera ko itorero ryari rishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Leta, ntiryashoboraga kwemera ko habaho ibitekerezo bihabanye biba mu mihango yaryo. Itegeko ryasabaga ko abantu bose baboneka mu gihe cyo gusenga kandi rikabuzanya amateraniro yose mu by’idini atatangiwe uburenganzira, ubirenzeho wese akaba yahanishwa igifungo, gucibwa mu gihugu, cyangwa kwicwa.II 302.3

Mu itangira ry’ikinyejana cya cumi na karindwi, umwami wari umaze kwima ingoma mu Bwongereza yatangaje ko yiyemeje guhatira “Abaharanira Ubutungane” ^{330Puritans: Ni itsinda ry’“Abakristo” bari batsimbaraye ku guharanira ubutungane mu itorero muri gahunda zose, mu buryo buruta ibyo babonaga mu itorero.} “gukurikiza amategeko y’Itorero ry’Ubwongereza, bitaba ibyo bakameneshwa mu gihugu cyangwa bakagerwaho n’ishyano.” ^{331George Bancroft, History of the USA, pt.1, ch.12, par.6.} Kubera ko bahigwaga, bagatotezwa kandi bagafungwa, ntibabonaga ko ahazaza hazigera haba heza ku buryo benshi muri bo bageze ubwo babona “ko Ubwongereza butakiri ahantu ho guturwa n’abantu bashaka gukorera Imana bakurikije ibyo umutimanama wabo ubategeka.” ^{332J.G.Palfrey, History of New England, ch.3, par.43} Amaherezo bamwe biyemeje guhungira mu Buholandi. Bahuye n’ingorane, ibihombo, ndetse no gufungwa. Imigambi yabo yakomwaga mu nkokora maze bakagambanirwa bagashyikirizwa abanzi babo. Nyamara amaherezo ukwihangana kwabo kudacogora kwaje gutsinda maze babona ubuhungiro ku nkengero z’Igihugu cy’Ubuhorandi.II 303.1

Mu buhungiro, bari barasize ingo zabo, ibintu byabo n’ibyababeshagaho byose. Bari abanyamahanga mu gihugu cy’amahanga, bari hagati y’abantu bavuga urundi rurimi kandi bafite indi mico. Kugira ngo bashobore kubona ikibatunga, byabaye ngombwa ko bashaka imirimo batari bamenyereye gukora. Abagabo b’ibikwerere bari baramenyereye guhinga mu mibereho yabo yose, noneho bagombaga kwiga imyuga. Ariko bemeye iyo mibereho banezerewe maze ntibagira igihe batakaza mu bunebwe cyangwa kwivovota. Nubwo akenshi bazahazwaga n’ubukene, bashimiraga Imana imigisha yabahaga kandi bagiriraga ibyishimo mu gusabanira hamwe mu by’umwuka ntacyo bikanga. “Bari bazi neza ko ari abagenzi, ibyo bigatuma iby’ubukene bafite batabyitaho ahubwo bagahanga amaso yabo mu ijuru, ari cyo gihugu bakundaga kandi bari barangamiye kuruta ibindi byose, ibyo bigatuma bumva batuje mu mitima yabo.” ^{333Bancroft, pt.1, ch.12, par.15}II 303.2

Mu buhungiro n’uburushyi, urukundo rwabo no kwizera kwabo byarushijeho gukomera. Biringiraga amasezerano y’Uhoraho kandi ntiyaburaga kubitaho mu bihe byagaba bibakomeye. Abamarayika b’Uhoraho babaga iruhande rwabo kugira ngo babatere ubutwari kandi babafashe. Igihe ukuboko k’Uwiteka kwaberekaga hakurya y’inyanja aho bashobora gushinga Leta yabo kandi bakazasigira abana babo umurage ufite agaciro kenshi w’umudendezo mu by’idini, bakurikiraga inzira Imana ibayoboyemo nta mususu.II 303.3

Imana yari yaremeye ko ubwoko bwayo bunyura mu birushya kugira ngo ibutegurire gusohoza imigambi myiza yari ibafitiye. Itorero ryacishijwe bugufi kugira ngo amaherezo rizashyirwe hejuru. Imana yari iri hafi kuryereka ubushobozi bwayo, guha abatuye isi yose ikindi gihamya cy’uko Imana itazigera ihana abayiringira. Imana yari yarayoboye ibyabayeho kugira ngo itume uburakari bwa Satani ndetse n’ubugambanyi bw’abantu babi byamamaza ikuzo ryayo kandi igeze ubwoko bwayo ahantu hari umutekano. Itoteza no guhunga byafunguraga inzira yerekeza ku mudendezo.II 304.1

Ubwo bahatirwaga bwa mbere gutandukana n’Itorero ry’Ubwongereza, nk’ubwoko bw’Uhoraho bufite umudendezo, “Abaharanira Ubutungane” bari barifatanyirije hamwe mu ndahiro ikomeye yo “kugendera hamwe mu nzira Ze zose basanzwe bazi cyangwa izo Azabamenyesha.” ^{334J. Brown, The Pilgrim Fathers, p.74.} Aha niho herekanaga umwuka nyakuri w’ubugorozi n’ihame shingiro ry’Ubuporotesitanti. Aba bagenzi bavuye mu Buholandi bafite uyu mugambi maze bajya gushaka aho baba muri Amerika. Umupasitoro wabo witwaga Yohani Robinson, wabujijwe kubaherekeza binyuze mu buryo bw’uburinzi bw’Imana, ubwo yavugaga ijambo ryo gusezera kuri abo bahungaga yaragize ati:II 304.2

“Bavandimwe nkunda, ubu mu kanya gato tugiye gutandukana kandi Imana ni Yo izi niba nzaba nkiriho ngo nzongere kubabona. Ariko Imana yabyemera cyangwa itabyemera, ndabingingira mu maso y’Imana n’Abamarayika bayo bera ngo muzankurikize mudatandukiriye uko nakurikije Kristo. Imana nigira icyo ari cyo cyose ibahishurira ikoresheje undi mugaragu wayo uwo ari we wese, mwitegure kucyakira nk’uko mwabaga mwiteguye kwakira ukuri kose nagiye mbagezaho mu murimo wanjye; kuko niringiye ndashidikanya ko Uhoraho afite ukuri n’umucyo biruseho bitarahishurwa binyuze mu Ijambo rye ryera.” ^{335Martyn, vol.5, p.70.}II 304.3

“Ku bwanjye, sinashobora kubabwira mu buryo buhagije uko mbabazwa n’amatorero amwe avuguruye yageze aho atakigira ikindi cyiyongera ku myizerere yayo, none ubu akaba adashobora gutera indi ntambwe irenze ibyo ubugorozi bwayo bwashingiyeho. Abayoboke ba Luteri ntibashobora kwemera gutezwa indi ntambwe ngo bamenye ibirenze ibyo Luteri yabonye; ... Murabona ko abayoboke ba Kaluvini na bo basa n’ababoheye aho uwo muntu ukomeye w’Imana yabasize, nyamara ntiyari azi ibintu byose. Ibyo ni ubuhanya buteye amaganya cyane; kuko nubwo abo bantu bagurumanaga kandi bakamurika umucyo mu gihe cyabo, ntabwo bashoboye kwimbika ngo bamenye inama zose z’Imana, ahubwo iyaba muri iki gihe bajyaga kuba bariho, bajyaga kugira ubwuzu bwo kwakira umucyo uruta uwo bari barakiriye mbere.” ^{336D. Neal, History of the Puritans, vol.1, p.269}II 305.1

“Mwibuke isezerano ry’itorero ryanyu, iryo mwemereyemo kugendera mu nzira zose z’Uhoraho, zaba izo yamaze kubamenyesha n’izo azabamenyesha. Mwibuke amasezerano yanyu n’igihango mwagiranye n’Imana ndetse no hagati yanyu ubwanyu yo kwakira umucyo uwo ari wo wose n’ukuri kose muzamenyeshwa binyuze mu Byanditswe Byera. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, ndabinginze mujye mwitondera ibyo mwakira byose ko ari ukuri maze mukugereranye kandi mukugenzuze ibindi byanditswe mbere y’uko mubyemera; kuko bidashoboka ko Ubukristo bwaba bwavuye mu mwijima w’icuraburindi wo kurwanya Kristo vuba aha ngo maze ubumenyi butunganye kandi bushyitse buhite bujya ahagaragara icyarimwe.” ^{337Martyn, vol.5, pp.70, 71.}II 305.2

Gushaka kugira umudendezo wo gukurikiza umutimanama ni byo byateye abo bagenzi kwiyemeza guca mu makuba y’urugendo rurerure mu nyanja, bakihanganira imiruho n’akaga byo mu butayu, kandi kubw’imigisha y’Imana, bakabasha gushinga urufatiro rw’igihugu gikomeye ku nkengero za Amerika. Nyamara, nubwo bari abantu b’indakemwa kandi bubaha Imana, abo Bagenzi bari batarasobanukirwa n’ihame rikomeye ryerekeye umudendezo mu by’iyobokamana. Umudendezo bari baritangiye kugeraho ntibari biteguye kuwuha n’abandi. “Bake cyane bo mu banyabwenge b’ibyamamare ndetse n’abaharaniraga imico mbonera bo mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi, ntibari basobanukiwe n’iryo hame ry’ingenzi ryo guteza imbere Isezerano Rishya, kandi ryemeza ko Imana ari yo mucamanza wenyine wo kwizera k’umuntu.” ^{338Ibid., vol.5, p.297} Inyigisho yavugaga ko Imana yahaye itorero uburenganzira bwo kuyobora umutimanama, ndetse no gusobanura no guhana ibyo ryita ubuhakanyi, ni inyigisho imwe mu makosa y’ubupapa yashinze umuzi. Nubwo Abagorozi banze indangakwemera ya Roma, ntabwo bari bararetse burundu umutima wayo wo kutihanganira abandi. Umwijima w’icuraburindi ubupapa bwari bwarashyizemo Abakristo mu myaka amagana menshi y’ubutegetsi bwabwo wari utareyuka burundu. Umwe mu bagabura bari ku ruhembe rw’imbere mu ntara y’ubukoloni y’Ikigobe cya Massachusets [Masashuseti] yaravuze ati: “Kwihanganirana ni ko kwatumye abatuye isi baba abahakana Kristo, kandi ubwo itorero ryahanaga abahakanyi nta kibi ryakoze.” ^{339Ibid., vol.5, p.335} Abakoloni bari batuye muri Amerika batoye itegeko rivuga ko abantu babarizwa mu itorero ari bo bonyine bagomba kugira ijambo mu butegetsi bwa Leta. Hashyizweho ubutegetsi bwa Leta bugendera ku mahame y’itorero, abaturage bose basabwa gutanga umusanzu wo kunganira ubuyobozi bw’idini kandi abacamanza bahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukuraho ubuhakanyi. Muri ubwo buryo, ubutegetsi bw’iby’isi bwari buri mu maboko y’itorero. Ntibyatinze izo ngamba ziza kubyara itoteza ari ryo ryabaye ingaruka simusiga.II 305.3

Imyaka cumi n’umwe hamaze gushingwa intara ya mbere y’ubukoloni, nibwo uwitwa Roger Williams yaje muri Amerika (Icyo gihe bayitaga Isi Nshya). Kimwe na ba Bagenzi bahageze mbere, yari azanwe n’umugambi wo gushaka umudendezo mu by’iyobokamana; ariko ibinyuranye n’ibyabo, yabashije kubona ibyo bake cyane bari barashoboye kubona mu gihe cye, yuko uwo mudendezo ari uburenganzira butavuguruzwa bwa buri muntu hatitawe ku myizerere ye. Yashakashakaga ukuri abishishikariye, kandi akizera kimwe na Robinsons ko bidashoboka ko umucyo wose wo mu ijambo ry’Imana waba waramaze kwakirwa. Williams “yabaye uwa mbere mu turere twari tugezweho tw’Ubukristo, washingiye ubutegetsi bwa Leta ku ihame ryo kugira umudendezo mu gukurikiza umutimanama ndetse n’uburinganire bwo gutanga ibitekerezo imbere y’amategeko.” ^{340Bancroft, pt,1, ch.15, par.16} Yavugaga ko inshingano y’abacamanza ari iyo gukumira ibyaha, ko atari iyo kugenga umutimanama. Yaravuze ati: “Rubanda cyangwa abacamanza bashobora gufata umwanzuro ku cyo umuntu akwiriye gukorera mugenzi we; ariko igihe bagerageje gushyiraho inshingano umuntu afite ku Mana, baba barengereye kandi iyo bimeze bityo nta mutekano ushobora kuboneka; kubera ko byumvikana ko niba umucamanza afite ububasha, uyu munsi ashobora gushyiraho itegeko rishingiye ku bitekerezo runaka cyangwa imyizerere, ejo agashyiraho irindi nk’uko byagiye bikorwa n’abami n’abamikazi batandukanye mu Bwongereza ndetse bikanakorwa n’abapapa banyuranye n’inama zitari zimwe mu itorero ry’i Roma, ku buryo imyizerere yahinduka uruhurirane rw’urujijo.” ^{341Martyn, vol.5, p.340.}II 306.1

Kujya muri gahunda zo gusenga z’itorero ryariho byari bitegetswe abantu utabikoze agacibwa igihano cyangwa agafungwa. “Williams ntiyemeraga iryo tegeko. Ryari itegeko ribi kuruta ayandi yose mu mategeko y’Ubwongereza kuko ryahatiraga abantu kujya gusenga mu itorero rya Leta. Guhatira abantu kwifatanya n’abo badahuje imyizerere we yabifataga ko ari ukuvogera uburenganzira bw’umuntu ku mugaragaro; kandi kujyana gusenga abatizera n’abatabishaka ku ngufu, kuri we byari ukubasaba gukora uburyarya. . . Yongeyeho ati: ‘Nta muntu ukwiriye guhatirwa kujya gusenga, cyangwa kwemera uburyo bw’imisengere atabyiyemereye.’ Abataravugaga rumwe na we batangajwe n’ibyo yavugaga maze baravuga bati: ‘Bishoboka bite? mbese umukozi ntakwiriye igihembo cye?” Na we yarabasubije ati: ‘Yee, ariko agihabwa n’abamukoresha.” ^{342Bancroft, pt.1, ch.15, par.2}II 306.2

Roger Williams yarubahwaga kandi agakundirwa ko yari umugabura w’umwizerwa, ufite impano utabona muri benshi, akaba indahemuka n’umunyabuntu; nyamara uko guhakana yivuye inyuma uburenganzira abacamanza ba Leta bafite ku itorero, ndetse no gusaba ko abantu bagira umudendezo mu by’idini, ntibyari kubasha kwihanganirwa. Bakekaga ko gukurikiza izo nyigisho nshya bishobora “guhirika Leta ndetse n’ubutegetsi bwose bw’igihugu.” ^{343Ibid., pt.1,ch.15, par.10.} Baherako bamucira urubanza rwo kumuca agakurwa muri koloni zabo, maze amaherezo atinye ko yafatwa, biba ngombwa ko ahungira mu mashyamba y’inzitane mu gihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi n’imiyaga ikaze.II 306.3

Yaravuze ati : “Mu byumweru cumi na bine nazereraga mu gihe kibi cyane, ntarya kandi ntagoheka. Ariko ibikona ni byo byangabuririye mu butayu,” kandi akenshi ibiti by’inganzamarumbo bifite imyobo ni byo yikingagamo. ^{344Martyn, vol.5, pp.349, 350} Nguko uko yakomezaga guhunga bimubabaje anyura mu rubura no mu mashyamba y’inzitane kugeza ubwo yashoboye kubona ubuhungiro mu bwoko bumwe bw’Abahinde baje kumugirira icyizere kandi baramukunda ubwo yihatiraga kubigisha ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza.II 307.1

Nyuma y’amezi menshi yo kugenda yimuka azerera hirya no hino, amaherezo yaje kugera ku nkengero z’ikigobe cya Narragansett, aho ni ho yashinze urufatiro rwa Leta ya mbere y’ibihe by’amajyambere yemeraga uburenganzira bw’umuntu bwo kugira umudendezo mu by’idini. Ihame shingiro y’iyo koloni ya Roger Williams ryari uko, “umuntu wese akwiriye kugira umudendezo wo kuramya Imana akurikije umucyo w’umutimanama we.” ^{345Ibid.,vol.5, p.354.} Iyo Leta ye ntoya yitwaga Rhode Island, yahereye ko ihinduka ubuhungiro bw’abakandamizwaga bose, maze irakura, irakungahara kugeza ubwo ya mahame yayo shingiro ari yo — umudendezo mu by’ubutegetsi bwa Leta n’umudendezo mu by’idini — byaje guhinduka amabuye-fatizo Repubulika ya Amerika ishingiyeho.II 307.2

Muri iyo nyandiko nini imaze igihe abashinze Repubulika ya Amerika basohoye yari ikubiyemo uburenganzira bwabo,- ari yo bise, “Itangazwa ry’Ubwigenge” ^{346The Declaration of Independence} -bavuzemo batya bati: “Kuko ari ukuri kudashidikanywaho, twemera ko abantu bose baremwe kimwe; ko bose bahawe n’Umuremyi wabo uburenganzira budahinduka; kandi ko muri bwo harimo : ubuzima, umudendezo no gushakisha ibyabanezeza.” Kandi mu magambo asobanutse neza, itegeko-nshinga ryemeza ko umutimanama w’umuntu utavogerwa rigira riti: “Nta genzura mu by’idini rizigera risabwa ngo ribe icyangombwa umuntu akwiriye kuzuza ngo abone umwanya cyangwa umurimo uwo ari wo wose mu butegetsi bwa Leta muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.” “Inama nkuru ntizigera ishyiraho itegeko ryerekeranye no gushyiraho idini cyangwa itegeko ribuzanya gukora iby’idini uko umuntu ashatse.”II 307.3

“Abatunganyije Itegeko-nshinga bazirikanye ihame ridakuka rivuga ko imibanire y’umuntu n’Imana ye iri hejuru y’amategeko ashyirwaho n’abantu, kandi ko uburenganzira bw’umutimanama budakuka. Gushyiraho uku kuri ntibyasabaga kubanza kugarirwaho abantu bashyira mu gaciro, kuko buri wese akuzi mu mutima we. Uko kuri k’umutimanama ni ko kwakomeje abahowe ukwizera kwabo benshi cyane ubwo bicwaga urubozo kandi bagatwikwa kubwo kutumvira amategeko yashyizweho n’abantu. Bumvaga ko inshingano yabo ku Mana iruta cyane amategeko y’abantu, kandi ko abantu badafite uburenganzira bwo gutegeka umutimanama wabo. Ni ihame umuntu wese avukana adashobora gukurwamo n’ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.” ^{347Congressional documents (USA), serial No.200, document}II 308.1

Ubwo inkuru yasakaraga mu bihugu by’i Burayi ko hari ahantu umuntu wese yishimira imbuto z’umurimo we kandi agakurikiza ibyo umutimanama we umwemeza nta nkomyi, abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bafashe urugendo berekeza ku nkombe za Amerika (Isi Nshya). Ibihugu by’ubukoloni byiyongereye vuba vuba. “Leta ya Massachusets, mu itegeko ryayo ridasanzwe, yemeje ko izajya yakira kandi igafasha Abakristo bose bayizamo ikoresheje umutungo wayo kandi itarobanuye igihugu bakomokamo, igihe cyose bazaba bahunga inzara, intambara cyangwa gutotezwa bakambukiranya inyanja ya Atlantika. Uko ni ko hakurikijwe itegeko, abahungagaga bose n’abari barakandamijwe bagiye bafatwa nk’abashyitsi muri icyo gihugu.” ^{348Martyn, vol.5, p.417} “Mu myaka makumyabiri nyuma yuko abantu ba mbere bageze i Plymouth, Abagenzi ibihumbi byinshi bari bamaze gutura ahiswe Ubwongereza Bushya [muri Amerika].II 308.2

Kugira ngo bagere ku cyo bifuzaga, “bashimishwaga no kunguka duke baheshwaga n’imibereho yo kudapfusha ubusa ndetse no gukora cyane. Nta kindi bitegaga kubona mu butaka uretse umusaruro nyakuri uva ku mihati yabo. Ntacyo bemereraga kubashukashuka cyabashaga kuba hafi y’inzira biyemeje kunyuramo . . . Bashimishwaga n’amajyambere agerwaho buhoro buhoro ariko mu buryo buhamye mu mibanire yabo. Bihanganiraga ubuzima bubagoye bwo mu butayu, bakavomerera igiti cy’umudendezo barira kandi babira icyuya kugeza igihe cyashingiye umuzi kigahama muri icyo gihugu.”II 308.3

Bafataga ko Bibiliya yose ari yo shingiro ryo kwizera, isoko y’ubwenge, n’ishingiro ry’umudendezo. Amahame ya Bibiliya yitabwaho akigishwa mu ngo, mu mashuri no mu nsengero kandi yeraga amatunda y’ubushobozi, ubwenge, ubutungane no kwirinda. Washoboraga kuba aho abo bantu b’abanyadini bari batuye ukahamara imyaka myinshi ariko “ntiwigere ubona umuntu wasinze, cyangwa ngo wumve urahira ibinyoma, cyangwa ngo ubone usabiriza.” ^{349Bancroft, pt.1, ch.19, par.25} Byari byaragaragaye ko amahame ya Bibiliya ari yo arinda ubusugire bw’igihugu by’ukuri akagihesha gukomera. Twa turere tw’ubukoloni twari dufite intege nke kandi tutegeranye twaje gukura dukora ishyirahamwe rya za Leta zikomeye, maze abatuye isi batangazwa no kubona amahoro no kugubwa neza by’“itorero ritayobowe na Papa ndetse na Leta idategekwa n’umwami.”II 309.1

Ariko umubare w’abambukaga berekeje ku nkengero za Amerika wakomezaga kwiyongera, nyamara babaga babitewe n’impamvu itandukanye cyane n’iy’abababanjirije. Nubwo kwizera n’ubutungane byarangaga aba mbere byagiraga imbaraga yiganza kandi ihindura, ubushobozi bwabyo bwagiye bugabanyuka bitewe n’uko umubare w’abashakaga inyungu z’iby’isi gusa wiyongeraga.II 309.2

Itegeko ryari ryarashyizweho n’abigaruriye utwo turere bwa mbere ryaheshaga abanyadini gusa uburenganzira bwo gutora cyangwa kubona umurimo mu butegetsi bwa Leta, ryaje guteza ingaruka mbi cyane. Icyo cyemezo cyari cyarafashwe ari uburyo bwo kubungabunga ubutungane bwa Leta, ariko cyaje kubyara gusaya mu bibi kw’itorero. Kubera ko kugaragaza ko hari idini ubarizwamo ari byo byashingirwagaho kugira ngo ushobore gutora kandi ubone umwanya mu butegetsi, byatumye abantu benshi babaga bakuruwe n’impamvu za politiki y’isi gusa bifatanya n’itorero nyamara batigeze bahinduka mu mitima. Uko ni ko ku rwego ruhambaye amatorero yaje kuzurwa n’abantu batihanye by’ukuri, ndetse no mu bavugabutumwa ntiharimo abemera inyigisho z’ibinyoma gusa, ahubwo ntibari banazi imbaraga ya Mwuka Muziranenge ihindura umuntu akaba mushya. Bityo hongeye kugaragara ingaruka mbi, nk’izagiye zigaragara kenshi mu mateka y’itorero uhereye mu gihe cya Konsitantine kugeza igihe cya none. Izo ngaruka zabaye izo kugerageza kubaka itorero hakoreshejwe ubufasha bwa Leta ndetse no kwiyambaza imbaraga z’ab’isi mu gushyigikira ubutumwa bwiza bw’uwavuze ati: “Ubwami bwanjye si ubw’iyi si.” ^{350Yohana 18:36} Ukwifatanya kw’itorero na Leta, uko kwaba kuri ku rwego ruto cyane kose, nubwo kubasha kugaragara ko kwatuma ab’isi begera itorero, mu by’ukuri icyo gukora ni ugutuma itorero ari ryo ryegera isi.II 309.3

Ihame ry’ingenzi Robinson na Roger Williams bari bashyigikiye cyane, ryavugaga ko ukuri guhora gutera imbere kandi ko Abakristo bakwiriye guhora biteguye kwemera umucyo wose ubasha kurasa uva mu ijambo ryera ry’Imana, ababakomotseho baje kuriteshukaho. Amatorero y’Abaporotesitanti muri Amerika n’ayo mu Burayi, nubwo yari yarahiriwe cyane kubwo kwakira imigisha yakomotse ku Bugorozi, yaje kunanirwa gukomeza gukurikira inzira y’ubugorozi. Nubwo uko ibihe byahaga ibindi abantu b’indakemwa bahagurukaga bakamamaza ukuri gushya kandi bakagaragaza amakosa yabaga yarabaye akarande, nk’uko byagendekeye Abayuda mu gihe cya Kristo cyangwa abayoboke ba Papa mu gihe cya Luteri, umubare munini w’abantu wishimiraga kwemera ibyo ba sekuruza babo bemeraga no kubaho nk’uko babagaho. Bityo, idini ryongeye gusubira mu mihango gusa, bituma ryizirika kandi rikundwakaza amakosa n’imigenzo y’ibinyoma, byagombaga kuba byararetswe iyo rikomeza kugendera mu mucyo w’ijambo ry’Imana. Uko ni ko umwuka watangijwe n’Ubugorozi wagiye ukendera buhoro buhoro kugeza ubwo habayeho ubukene bukomeye cyane bw’ivugurura mu matorero ya Giporotesitanti nk’uko byari bimeze mu Itorero ry’i Roma mu bihe bya Luteri. Nk’uko byari biri mu gihe cya mbere, icyo gihe hariho gukunda iby’isi no gusinzira mu by’umwuka, hariho kandi guha agaciro ibitekerezo by’abantu no gusimbuza inyigisho z’ijambo ry’Imana amahame y’abantu.II 310.1

Ikwirakwizwa rikomeye rya Bibiliya mu itangira ry’ikinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, ndetse n’umucyo utangaje wamurikishirijwe abatuye isi yose muri ubwo buryo, ntibyakurikiwe n’amajyambere yo kumenya ukuri kwahishuwe, cyangwa iyobokamana rigaragarira mu bikorwa. Nk’uko byari byaragenze mu bihe byabanje, Satani ntiyari agishoboye gukura ijambo ry’Imana mu bantu; ryari rifitwe na bose; ariko kugira ngo agere ku mugambi we, yateye benshi kuriha agaciro gake. Abantu bakerensaga kwiga Ibyanditswe, maze kubw’ibyo bakomeza kwemera ubusobanuro butari bwo ndetse no gukomera ku mahame adafite ishingiro muri Bibiliya.II 310.2

Satani amaze kubona ko imbaraga yakoresheje ngo atsembe ukuri yifashishije itoteza zibaye imfabusa, yongeye gukoresha umugambi w’ubwumvikane wari waragejeje abantu mu buhakanyi bukomeye ndetse n’ishingwa ry’Itorero ry’i Roma. Ubu noneho ntiyateje Abakristo kwifatanya n’abapagani, ahubwo bifatanyije n’abantu, kubwo kwirundurira mu by’isi, bigaragazaga ko mu by’ukuri basenga ibigirwamana nk’uko abasengaga ibishushanyo bibajwe bari bameze. Kandi noneho ubu ingaruka z’uko kwifatanya zari mbi cyane nk’uko byagenze mu myaka yashize; ubwibone no gukabya byahawe icyicaro byitwikiriye idini maze amatorero asaya mu bibi. Satani yakomeje kugoreka inyigisho za Bibiliya kandi imigenzo yagombaga kurimbura miliyoni nyinshi z’abantu yarushagaho gushinga imizi. Itorero ryimikaga kandi rigashyigikira iyo migenzo aho kugira ngo riharanire kandi rirengere “ukwizera kwahawe abera.” Uko ni ko amahame Abagorozi bari barashyizeho kandi bakayarenganyirizwa bikomeye yaje guteshwa agaciro.II 310.3

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