IGICE CYA 6 - HUSE NA YORAMU (HUSS NA JEROME)

Ubutumwa bwiza bwari bumaze gushinga imizi i Boheme kuva mu itangira ry’ikinyejana cya cyenda. Bibiliya yari isobanuwe kandi ibiterane rusange by’amasengesho byakorwaga mu rurimi rwumvwa noneho n’abantu bose. Nyamara uko ububasha bwa Papa bwarushagaho kwiyongera, niko Ijambo ry’Imana ryibagiranaga. Gregori wa VII, wari wariyemeje gucisha bugufi ubwibone bw’abami, yari anagendereye kugira abantu inkoreragahato ze. Ni cyo cyatumye hasohoka urwandiko rubuzanya ko kuramya mu ruhame byakorwa mu rurimi rwa ab’i Boheme. Papa yavuze ko “Imana ishimishwa n’uko kuyiramya byakorwa mu rurimi rutazwi kandi ko ibibi byose n’ubuyobe byakomotse ku kudakurikiza iryo tegeko.” ^{43-Wylie, b.3, ch.I} Nguko uko Roma yategetse ko umucyo w’Ijambo ry’Imana wazima kandi abantu bakarindagirira mu mwijima. Nyamara Imana yari yarateganyije ubundi buryo buzatuma itorero ryayo ridahungabana. Benshi mu Bawalidensi n’Abalibijensi bari barameneshejwe mu ngo zabo mu Bufaransa n’Ubutaliyani baje i Boheme. Nubwo batatinyukaga kwigisha ku mugaragaro, bakoranaga umwete rwihishwa. Nguko uko kwizera nyakuri kwagiye kurindwa uko ibihe byagiye biha ibindi.II 97.1

Mbere y’igihe cya Huse, i Boheme hadutse abantu bahagurukiye kwamagana ku mugaragaro amakosa y’itorero n’ibyaha byakorwaga n’abantu b’icyo gihe. Ibyo bakoraga byakanguye abantu ba hafi na kure. Abatware bakuru ba Roma bagize ubwoba maze baherako bahagurukira abigishwa b’ubutumwa bwiza barabatoteza. Byabaye ngombwa ko bajya bagirira ibiterane by’amasengesho mu mashyamba no mu misozi maze abasirikare bakabahiga kandi benshi baricwaga. Hashize igihe, hatanzwe itegeko ko abantu bose bitandukanyije n’imisengere y’itorero ry’i Roma bakwiriye gutwikwa. Ariko mu kwemera kubura ubuzima bwabo, abo Bakristo bari bategereje intsinzi y’umurimo biyemeje. Ubwo umwe mu bigishaga ko “agakiza kabonerwa mu kwizera Umukiza wabambwe” yapfaga, yaravuze ati: “Ubu umujinya w’abanzi b’ukuri waduhagurukiye nyamara ntuzahoraho iteka; hazaduka umuntu uvuye muri rubanda rugufi, adafite inkota cyangwa ubutware, kandi ntibazashobora kumuhangara.” ^{44 -Wylie, b.3, ch.I} Igihe cyo kuza kwa Luteri cyari kitaragera, nyamara hari uwari yatangiye guhaguruka kandi ubuhamya bwe burwanya Roma bwari kunyeganyeza amahanga.II 97.2

Yohana Huse yavukiye mu muryango woroheje, kandi se yapfuye Huse akiri muto cyane amusiga ari impfubyi. Nyina yari umubyeyi w’imico myiza wabonaga ko uburere bwiza no kubaha Imana ari byo butunzi bukomeye kuruta ubundi, bityo yashatse gusigira uyu murage uwo mwana we. Huse yize mu ishuri ryo mu cyaro, aza kuzashobora kwinjira muri Kaminuza y’i Prague [Purage] yamwakiriye akajya yiga afashwa n’ishuri. Mu rugendo rwe ajya i Prague yaherekejwe na nyina wari umupfakazi kandi akennye. Nta mpano zo mu butunzi bw’isi nyina yari afite ngo azihe uwo muhungu we, ariko ubwo bari bageze hafi y’umujyi munini, yapfukamye iruhande rw’umwana we w’impfubyi maze amusabira imigisha kuri Se wo mu ijuru. Uwo mubyeyi ntiyasobanukirwaga neza n’uburyo isengesho rye ryajyaga kuzasubizwa.II 97.3

Muri Kaminuza, Huse yahise yigaragaza bitewe n’umwete we udacogora ndetse no kugwiza ubwenge mu buryo bwihuse, mu gihe kuba inziramakemwa kwe n’ubwitonzi, igikundiro n’ubupfura byamurangaga byamuhesheje icyubahiro muri Kaminuza yose. Yari umuyoboke w’umunyamwete w’itorero ry’i Roma kandi agahora aharanira kugera ku migisha y’umwuka rivuga ko ritanga. Ubwo igihe cyo gusaba imbabazi cyageraga, Huse yagiye kwicuza ibyaha bye atanga ituro ry’ibiceri yari asigaranye byonyine, aherako ajya mu mutambagiro kugira ngo abe mu bagiriwe imbabazi zasezeranwe. Arangije amasomo yigaga muri koleji yahise aba umupadiri maze ntiyatinda kugaragaza ubushobozi buhanitse mu byo akora bituma agirwa icyegera cy’i bwami. Yanagizwe kandi umwigisha muri Kaminuza yigiyemo maze nyuma yaho anagirwa umuyobozi wayo. Mu myaka mike wa munyeshuri w’umukene wigiye ku mfashanyo yari yamaze guhinduka ishema ry’igihugu cye, maze izina rye rimenyekana mu Burayi bwose.II 98.1

Ariko ku rundi ruhande Huse yatangiye umurimo w’ubugorozi. Hashize imyaka myinshi amaze guhabwa inshingano zo kuba umupadiri, yatorewe kuba umubwiriza wa Kiliziya y’i Betelehemu. Uwatangije iyo Kiliziya yari yarashyigikiye ko kubwiriza Ibyanditswe mu rurimi rwumvwa na rubanda rwose ari ingingo y’ingenzi. Nubwo abayobozi b’i Roma bari bararwanyije iyo mikorere, ntabwo i Boheme yari yarahashize burundu. Ariko kandi abantu bari bafite ubujiji bukomeye cyane mu bya Bibiliya, bityo ingeso mbi zikarangwa mu bantu bo mu nzego zose. Huse, adaciye ku ruhande, yamaganye byimazeyo iyo myitwarire mibi bikabije, yishingikirije ku Ijambo ry’Imana kugira ngo ashimangire amahame y’ukuri n’ubutungane yacengezaga.II 98.2

Umuturage w’i Purage witwaga Jerome waje kuba incuti ikomeye ya Huse, yari yaravanye inyandiko za Wycliffe [Wikilife] mu Bwongereza. Umwamikazi w’Ubwongereza yari yarayobotse inyigisho za Wycliffe kandi yavukaga i Boheme. Bitewe n’ubushobozi yari afite, byatumye ibikorwa bya Wycliffe bikwira hose mu gihugu avukamo. Yohana Huse yasomye ibyo Wyclife yanditse abishishikariye; yizeraga ko uwabyanditse yari Umukristo wamaramaje, maze bimutera kwemera nta shiti ko iby’ubugorozi yaharaniraga bifite ishingiro. Nubwo atari abizi, Huse yari yamaze kwinjira mu nzira izamutandukanya na Roma.II 98.3

Muri ibyo bihe, i Prague hageze abagabo babiri baturutse mu Bwongereza, bari abahanga bize kandi bari barakiriye umucyo, bityo bari baje kuwukwirakwiza muri iki gihugu cya kure. Batangiye kurwanya ubutware bwa papa ku mugaragaro maze bidatinze bahita bacecekeshwa n’abategetsi. Babonye badashobora gutezuka ku ntego yabo, bashakishije ubundi buryo. Kubera ko bari abanyabukorikori bakaba n’ababwiriza, bahisemo gukoresha ubuhanga bwabo. Bashatse ahantu ku karubanda maze bahashushanya amashusho abiri. Ishusho imwe yerekanaga Kristo yinjira muri Yerusalemu “afite ubugwaneza kandi ahetswe n’indogobe,” ^{45Matayo 21:5}ndetse akurikiwe n’abigishwa be bambaye imyambaro yasazishijwe n’urugendo kandi nta nkweto bambaye. Ikindi gishushanyo cyerekanaga Papa ashagawe, yambaye imyambaro ye y’igiciro cyinshi, umutwe utamirijwe ikamba kandi agendera ku ifarashi irimbishijwe ibintu by’igiciro, abanjirijwe n’abantu bavuza impanda, kandi akurikiwe n’abakaridinali n’abandi bayobozi bakuru mu by’idini bambaye imyambaro ishashagirana.II 99.1

Icyo cyari ikibwirizwa cyakuruye intekerezo z’abantu bo mu nzego zose. Abantu benshi bazaga kwitegereza ibyo bishushanyo. Nta muntu n’umwe utarabashaga kumenya icyo byigisha, kandi abantu benshi batangazwaga cyane n’itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwicisha bugufi n’ineza bya Kristo, no kwishyira hejuru n’ubwibone bya Papa wavugaga ko ari umugaragu we. Muri Prague habaye gukangarana gukomeye maze hashize igihe gito, abo banyamahanga babona ko byababera byiza kwimuka aho kugira ngo batahagirira amakuba. Nyamara icyigisho bari barigishije nticyibagiranye.II 99.2

Ayo mashusho yakoze ku mutima wa Huse maze amutera kwiga Bibiliya n’inyandiko za Wycliffe abishimikiriye. Nubwo icyo gihe atari yiteguye kwemera impinduka zose Wycliffe yari ashyigikiye, yarushijeho kubona neza imiterere nyakuri y’ubupapa, maze aza kuzahagurukana umurava mwinshi arwanya ubwibone, kurarikira, n’imikorere mibi birangwa mu nzego z’ubutegetsi bwa Papa.II 99.3

Umucyo waturutse i Boheme ugera mu Budage kuko imyivumbagatanyo muri Kaminuza ya Prague yatumye abanyeshuri b’Abadage amagana menshi bahagarika kwiga. Benshi muri bo bari baramaze kugezwaho na Huse ubumenyi bw’ibanze bwo muri Bibiliya maze basubiye iwabo bamamaza ubutumwa bwiza mu gihugu cyabo.II 100.1

Inkuru z’ibyakorerwaga i Prague zageze i Roma maze bidatinze Huse ahamagarirwa kwitaba Papa. Kumvira iryo hamagara byari ukwishyira urupfu byanze bikunze. Umwami n’umwamikazi b’i Boheme, Kaminuza yose, bamwe mu bakomeye n’abategetsi ba Leta bashyira hamwe basaba Papa ko yareka Huse akaguma i Purage maze ahubwo akohereza intumwa i Roma mu mwanya we. Aho kwemera icyo cyifuzo, Papa yahereyeko acira Huse urubanza, kandi avuga ko umujyi wa Prague uciwe.II 100.2

Muri icyo gihe, iyo ugucirwaho iteka nk’iryo igihe cyose kwabagaho, byagombaga kumenyeshwa hose. Imihango yabiherekezaga yabaga igendereye gutera ubwoba abantu barebaga Papa nk’uhagarariye Imana ku isi, kandi akaba afite imfunguzo z’ijuru n’iz’ikuzimu ndetse afite n’ubushobozi bwo guca amateka yo ku isi kimwe n’ay’iby’umwuka. Abantu bizeraga ko inzugi zo mu ijuru zari zikinzwe ku karere kaciwe na Papa, kandi ko kugeza igihe Papa azabishakira maze agakuraho icyo gihano, abantu bapfa bo muri ako karere badashobora kwakirwa mu munezero w’ijuru. Kubwo kwerekana ikimenyetso cy’uwo muvumo ukabije, imirimo yose y’idini muri Prague yarahagaritswe. Insengero zirakingwa, imihango y’ubukwe igakorerwa mu gikari cy’urusengero. Babuzanyije guhamba abapfuye mu irimbi ryabiteganyirijwe ahubwo bahambwaga mu migende cyangwa mu mirima nta mihango yo kubashyingura ikozwe. Nguko uko Roma yagerageje kwigarurira intekerezo z’abantu ikoresheje ingamba zikora ku ntekerezo.II 100.3

Umujyi wa Prague wuzuye umuvurungano. Abantu benshi barwanya Huse ko ari we ntandaro y’ibyago byabo byose kandi basaba ko yashyikirizwa ubutegetsi bw’i Roma ngo abiryozwe. Kugira ngo acubye uwo muvurungano, umugorozi Huse yaratorotse maze ajya kumara igihe mu mudugugu avukamo. Ubwo yandikiraga incuti ze yari yarasize i Prague yaravuze ati: ” Niba narabasize, nakurikije amabwiriza n’urugero bya Yesu Kristo. Nabikoreye kugira ngo ne guha abagizi ba nabi urwaho rwo gukora ibibaciraho iteka, kandi ngo ne guteza abubaha Imana umubabaro no gutotezwa. Nabaye mbavuyemo kandi mbitewe no kumenya ko abapadiri bafite umutima mubisha ko bagomba kumara igihe kirekire bakomeza kubuzanya kubwiriza ijambo ry’Imana muri mwe. Nyamara ntabwo nabasize kubwo guhakana ukuri kw’Imana kuko ari ko niteguye kuzira mbifashijwemo n’Imana.” ^{46Bonnechose, The Reformers Before the Reformation, vol.1, p.87}II 101.1

Ntabwo Huse yahagaritse ibikorwa bye ahubwo yagendereraga uturere tumukikije, akabwiriza imbaga y’abantu babaga bafite inyota yo kumwumva. Uko niko ibyemezo Papa yafashe byo gukoma mu nkokora ubutumwa bwiza byatumaga burushaho kwamamara cyane. “ Kuko nta cyo dushobora gukora ngo turwanye ukuri, keretse kukurwanira.” ^{472 Abakorinto 13:8}II 101.2

“Muri ibyo bihe by’umurimo we, intekerezo za Huse zasaga n’isibaniro ry’intambara ikomeye. Nubwo itorero ryashakaga kumukangisha rikoresheje imbaraga nyinshi, yari acyemera ubushobozi bwaryo. Kuri we itorero ry’i Roma ryari rikiri umugeni wa Kristo kandi Papa ari uhagarariye Imana n’umusimbura wa Yo. Icyo Huse yarwanyaga cyari ugukoresha ubutware nabi kwa Papa. Ntabwo yarwanyaga ubupapa ubwabwo. Ibi byateye amakimbirane akomeye hagati y’ibyo ubwenge bwe bwemeraga n’ibyo umutimanama we wamusabaga. Niba ubutware bwa Papa ari ubw’ukuri kandi butibeshya nk’uko yizeraga ko ari ko buri, ni mu buhe buryo yaje kumva ahatirwa kutabwumvira? Yabonaga ko kubwumvira ari ugukora icyaha, ariko akibaza ati, “Ni mpamvu ki kumvira itorero ritibeshya byageza umuntu kuri iyo ngorane?” Iki cyari ikibazo atashoboraga gukemura kandi kwari ugushidikanya kwamubuzaga amahoro buri saha.II 101.3

Umuti wegereye igisubizo Huse yashoboraga gutanga wari uko, nk’uko byari byarabaye mu gihe Umukiza yari ku isi, abatambyi b’itorero bari barabaye abantu babi kandi bakoreshaga ubushobozi bahabwa n’amategeko bashaka kugera ku ntego zitemewe nayo. Ibi byamuteye kwihitiramo ubuyobozi, kandi yigisha n’abandi kwihitiramo ubwabo. Yahisemo kugendera ku mvugo ivuga ko amahame y’Ibyanditswe, igihe yinjiye mu mutima w’umuntu mu buryo busobanutse, ari yo agomba gutegeka umutimanama. Mu yandi magambo ni uko Imana ivugira muri Bibiliya kandi ko ari yo muyobozi wenyine utayobya. Ntabwo rero ari itorero rivuga rikoresheje abapadiri.II 102.1

Nyuma y’igihe runaka ituze rimaze kugaruka i Purage, Huse yagarutse muri Kiliziya y’i Betelehemu kugira ngo akomezanye umwete n’ubutwari kubwiriza Ijambo ry’Imana. Abanzi be bakoraga cyane kandi bafite imbaraga, ariko umwamikazi na benshi mu bantu bakomeye bari incuti ze bityo abantu benshi bajya ku ruhande rwe. Kubera kugereranya amahame adafasha imitima abapadiri bashyizweho na Roma babwirizaga, ubugugu n’ubusambanyi bwabo hamwe n’inyigisho zitunganye kandi zizahura za Huse, utibagiwe imibereho ye izira inenge, byatumye abantu benshi babona ko kujya ku ruhande rwe bihesheje icyubahiro.II 102.2

Kugeza icyo gihe, Huse yari wenyine mu murimo yakoraga, ariko ubu Yoramu wari waremeye inyigisho za Wycliffe igihe yari mu Bwongereza, nawe yinjiye mu murimo w’ubugorozi. Nyuma y’aho, bombi barafatanyije mu buzima bwabo kandi no mu rupfu ntibashoboraga gutandukana. Ku rwego rukomeye, Yoramu yari umuhanga, akaba intyoza n’intiti. Izo mpano zatumye rubanda rumukunda, ariko muri iyo miterere igize imbaraga nyakuri z’imico, Huse yaramurutaga. Ubushishozi bwe no gutuza byacubyaga umutima wa Jerome warangwaga no guhubuka bityo kubwo kwicisha bugufi, akemera gukurikiza inama ze. Gukorera hamwe kwabo byatumye umurimo w’ubugorozi wihuta bwangu ukwira hose.II 102.3

Imana yatumye umucyo ukomeye urasa mu ntekerezo z’abo bagabo batoranyijwe, ibahishurira byinshi byo mu makosa y’ubuyobozi bw’i Roma, ariko ntibahawe umucyo wose wagombaga guhabwa abatuye isi. Imana yakoresheje abo bagaragu bayo bombi kugira ngo ikure abantu mu mwijima w’inyigisho z’i Roma, nyamara bari bafite inzitizi nyinshi kandi zikomeye bagombaga guhura nazo ni cyo cyatumye Imana ibayobora buhoro buhoro ikurikije imbaraga zabo. Ntabwo bari biteguye kwakira umucyo wose icyarimwe. Iyo bajya guhabwa umucyo w’ukuri kose mu mwanya umwe, byari gutuma bayoba nk’uko umucyo w’ubwiza w’izuba ry’amanywa ribera abantu bamaze igihe kirekire mu mwijima. Nicyo cyatumye Imana ihishurira abayobozi uwo mucyo buhoro buhoro ikurikije uko abantu babashaga kuwakira. Uko imyaka yahitaga indi igataha, niko abandi bakozi b’indahemuka bagombaga kuzakurikiraho kugira ngo barusheho kuyobora abantu mu nzira y’ubugorozi.II 103.1

Itorero ryakomeje gucikamo ibice. Noneho abapapa batatu barwaniraga ubutware bw’ikirenga, kandi amakimbirane yabo agwiza ubwicanyi n’umwuka mubi mu Bakristo. Batanyuzwe no guciriranaho iteka, biyemeje gukoresha intwaro zariho muri icyo gihe. Buri wese yiyemeje kugura intwaro no kugira abasirikare. Birumvikana ko amafaranga yari akenewe; bityo kugira ngo aboneke, impano, imirimo itorero ryakoraga, ndetse n’imigisha ryatangaga bitangirwa ikiguzi. Abapadiri nabo biganye urugero rw’abayobozi babo, bityo bayoboka kwaka ibiguzi ku byo bakorera abaza gusenga, kandi bagakoresha n’intambara kugira ngo bacishe bugufi abo batumvikana ndetse bakomeze ubutegetsi bwabo. Buri munsi Huse yakomeje kuvuga ashize amanga yamagana amarorerwa yakorwaga mu izina ry’iyobokamana, bityo abantu bashinja ku mugaragaro abayobozi b’itorero ry’i Roma ko ari bo ntandaro y’akaga n’ubukene byibasiye Abakristo.II 103.2

Na none umudugudu w’i Prague wasaga n’ugiye kwinjira mu makimbirane avusha amaraso. Nk’uko byabaye mu bihe bya kera, umugaragu w’Imana yashinjwe ko ari we “wateje Isirayeli umuruho.” ^{481 Abami 18:17} Umujyi wa Prague wongeye gushyirwa mu kato maze Huse asubizwa ku ivuko. Ubuhamya yatanganaga umutima mwiza mu kiriziya yakundaga cy’i Betelehemu bwarahagaze. Yagombaga kubuvugira ahantu hagari kuruta aho; akabubwira Abakristo bose mbere yuko apfa azize guhamya ukuri.II 103.3

Kugira ngo ibibi byamungaga Uburayi bishakirwe umuti, hatumijwe inama rusange ngo iteranire i Constance [Konsitanse]. Iyo nama yatumijwe n’umwe mu bapapa batatu bari bahanganye witwaga Yohani wa XXIII, biturutse ku cyifuzo cy’umwami w’abami Sigismond [Sigisimundi]. Igitekerezo cyo gutumiza iyo nama nticyari cyarashimishije Papa Yohana wari ufite imico n’imikorere bitashobora kwihanganira gukurikirana abantu, nubwo byaba bikozwe n’abayobozi bakuru mu idini batagiraga imico mbonera nk’uko abanyadini b’icyo gihe bari bameze. Nyamara ntiyahangaye kurwanya icyifuzo cy’umwami w’abami Sigismond.II 104.1

Intego z’ingenzi zagombaga kugerwaho n’iyo nama zari ugukura ibice mu itorero no kurandura inyigisho z’ubuyobe. Bityo, ba bapapa babiri bari bahanganye baratumijwe ngo bitabe iyo nama, ndetse hatumizwa na Yohana Huse wakwirakwije inyigisho nshya. Abo bapapa bombi ntibizeye umutekano wabo, maze banga kwiyizira ubwabo, ahubwo bohereza ababahagararira. Papa Yohani nubwo ari we byagaragaraga ko yatumiye inama, yayijemo afite gushidikanya kwinshi akeka ko umwami w’abami afite umugambi uhishwe wo kumukuraho, kandi atinya ko amuryoza ingeso mbi zatesheje agaciro ubupapa ndetse n’ubwicanyi yakoze. Icyakora yinjiranye icyubahiro cyinshi mu mujyi wa Constance ashagawe n’abayobozi bakuru mu by’idini bakurikiwe n’imbaga y’abantu benshi. Abayobozi bose b’itorero n’abanyacyubahiro bo mu mujyi wa Constance ndetse n’imbaga y’aboroheje n’abakomeye barahagurutse bajya kumusanganira. Ku mutwe we yari yambaye ikamba ry’izahabu ryambarwaga gusa n’abacamanza bane bakuru. Imbere ye bagendanaga igitambo cya ukarisitiya, kandi imyambaro ya gikungu abakaridinali n’abakomeye bari bambaye yatangazaga abantu.II 104.2

Muri icyo gihe undi mugenzi yari mu nzira ari hafi kugera i Constance. Huse yari azi neza akaga kamutegereje. Yari yasize asezeye ku ncuti ze nk’aho batazongera kubonana ukundi, bityo afata urugendo azi neza ko ruzamugeza ku gupfa atwitswe. Nubwo yari afite urwandiko rw’inzira rwatanzwe n’umwami w’i Boheme kandi igihe yari ku rugendo agahabwa urundi n’umwami w’abami Sigismond, yakoze imyiteguro ye yose abona ko ashobora gupfa.II 104.3

Mu rwandiko yandikiye incuti ze z’i Prague yaravuze ati: “Bavandimwe banjye nkunda,... ngiye mfite urwandiko rw’inzira rwatanzwe n’umwami kugira ngo njye guhangana n’abanzi banjye batabarika kandi batanyifuriza kubaho. . . . Byose mbiragije Imana nyiri ububasha bwose, niragije Umukiza wanjye. Niringira ko Imana izumva amasengesho yanyu adatezuka kugira ngo izashyire ubushishozi n’ubwenge bwayo mu kanwa kanjye, bityo nzabashe gutsinda abanzi banjye. Niringira kandi ko izampa Mwuka wayo Muziranenge kugira ngo ankomereze mu kuri kwe ngo ngire ubutwari nzabashe guhangana n’ibigeragezo, inzu y’imbohe, ndetse bibaye ngombwa, n’urupfu rw’agashinyaguro. Yesu Kristo yababarijwe cyane abo yakunze; none se dukwiriye gutangazwa n’uko yadusigiye urugero rwe kugira ngo natwe ubwacu tubashe kwihanganira ibitugeraho byose kubw’agakiza kacu? Ni Imana yacu, natwe turi ibiremwa bye; ni Umwami twe turi abagaragu be; ni Umwami w’isi twe tukaba indushyi z’ibiremwa bipfa nyamara yaratubabarijwe! None se kuki twe tutagomba kubabazwa cyane cyane iyo uwo mubabaro ugendereye kudutunganya? Kubw’ibyo bakundwa, niba urupfu rwanjye rugomba kugira uruhare ku ikuzo Rye, munsabire kugira ngo rubanguke kandi ngo anshoboze kwihanganira imibabaro yanjye yose nshikamye. Ariko ni biba ngombwa ko mbagarukamo, nimutyo dusabe Imana nzagaruke ntafite ikinegu. Ni ukuvuga ngo sinzabashe kugira inyuguti n’imwe y’ukuri k’ubutumwa bwiza nkuraho kugira ngo mbashe gusigira abavandimwe banjye urugero rutunganye bakwiriye gukurikiza. Ahari birashoboka ko mutazongera kunca iryera i Prague; ariko biramutse bibaye kubw’ubushake bw’Imana ishoborabyose ko ingarura muri mwe, mureke tujye mbere dufite umutima ushikamye mu gukunda no gusobanukirwa amategeko yayo.” ^{49 - Bonnechose, vol.I, pp.147, 148.}II 105.1

Mu rundi rwandiko yandikiye umupadiri wari warahindutse umwigishwa w’ubutumwa bwiza, Huse yavuze iby’amakosa ye bwite afite kwicisha bugufi yishinja “kuba yarishimiye kwambara imyenda y’igiciro cyinshi no kuba yarapfushije igihe kinini ubusa mu bidafite akamaro.” Yongeyeho iyi miburo ikora ku mutima agira ati, “Ndasaba ngo ikuzo ry’Imana n’agakiza k’abantu byuzure ubwenge bwawe aho kuzura kugwiza inyungu n’ubutunzi. Witondere kurimbisha inzu yawe kuruta uko urimbisha umutima wawe, kandi ikiruta byose wite ku nyubako y’ibya Mwuka. Jya uba inyangamugayo kandi wicishe bugufi ubane n’abakene, wirinde kwaya umutungo wawe mu byo kwinezeza. Uramutse utisubiyeho ngo ureke gukabya, ndatinya ko utazabura kubihanirwa cyane nk’uko nanjye byambaho. . . Usobanukiwe n’ibyo nigisha kuko wakiriye inyigisho zanjye kuva mu bwana bwawe ni yo mpamvu kukwandikira ibirenze ibi ntacyo bimariye. Ariko ndakwinginze kubw’imbabazi z’Imana, ngo we kunyigana mu bupfapfa wabonye ngwamo.” Inyuma ku ibahasha yongeyeho ati, “Ndakwinginze ncuti yanjye, ntuzigere ufungura iyi baruwa utaramenya neza ko napfuye.” ^{50 - Bonnechose, vol.I, pp.148, 149.}II 105.2

Mu rugendo rwe aho yanyuraga hose, Huse yagiye abona ibimenyetso byo kwamamara kw’inyigisho ze ndetse n’ubwuzu abantu bazakiranye. Imbaga y’abantu benshi bazaga kumusanganira kandi mu mijyi imwe abacamanza bamuherekezaga mu tuyira tw’iwabo.II 105.3

Ageze i Constance, Huse yahawe umudendezo wuzuye. Ku rwandiko rw’inzira yari yarahawe n’umwami w’abami hiyongereyeho ubwishingizi bwo kurindwa yahawe na Papa. Ariko, kubwo kurenga kuri ayo mabwiriza yari yarakomeje guhabwa yihanangirizwa, bidatinze uwo Mugorozi yaje gufatwa biturutse ku itegeko rya Papa n’ibyegera bye (abakaridinari), maze ajugunywa mu kazu k’imbohe kabi cyane. Hanyuma yaje kujyanwa muri gereza ikomeye iri hakurya y’umugezi wa Rhine maze arahafungirwa. Icyo gikorwa kibi Papa yakoze ntacyo cyamumariye cyane kuko nyuma y’igihe gito nawe yafashwe agafungirwa muri iyo gereza.” ^{51Bonnechose, vol.I, p.247.} Uwo mupapa yahamirijwe imbere y’inama nkuru ko ahamwa n’ibyaha ndengakamere bigeretse ku bwicanyi, guca abantu amafaranga ngo hakorwe imihango yera, ubusambanyi, n’ibindi “byaha bidakwiriye kuvugwa mu mazina”. Uko ni ko abagize inama ubwabo bavuze maze amaherezo uwo mupapa yamburwa ikamba ry’ubupapa ajugunywa muri gereza. Abamurwanyaga nabo bakuweho maze hatorwa Papa mushya.II 106.1

Nyamara nubwo Papa ubwe yari yarahamwe n’ibyaha bikomeye cyane biruta ibyo Huse yaregaga abapadiri kandi akaba ari byo yashingiragaho asaba ko haba ivugurura, iyo nama yanyaze Papa yakurikijeho gahunda yo kwica umugorozi Huse. Ifungwa rya Huse ryababaje benshi mu mujyi wa Boheme. Abakomeye n’abanyacyubahiro bo muri uwo mujyi boherereza inama y’abepisikopi urwandiko rwerekana ko barwanya icyo gikorwa kibi. Umwami w’abami n’ubundi wari wemeye atishimiye ko barenga ku ruhusa rw’inzira Huse yari afite, nawe yarwanyije ibyo bendaga kugirira Huse. Nyamara abanzi b’umugorozi bari buzuye umutima w’ubucakura kandi bamaramaje. Bongeye kwishingikiriza ku rwikekwe rw’umwami w’abami, ku bwoba bwe no ku ishyaka agirira itorero. Bakomeje kuzana ingingo zisobanutse cyane zigaragaza ko “kwizera kudakwiriye kubangikanywa n’abayobotse inyigisho z’ubuyobe cyangwa abandi bantu bakekwaho izo nyigisho nubwo baba bafite inzandiko zibahesha umudendezo zatanzwe n’umwami w’abami cyangwa abami ubwabo.” Icyifuzo cyabo cyaremewe.” ^{52Jacques Lenfant, History of the Council of Constance, vol.I, p.516}II 106.2

Amaze gucibwa intege n’uburwayi no kuba mu nzu y’imbohe, kubera ko ubukonje n’umwuka mubi byo mu kumba yari afungiwemo byamuteye kugira umuriro mwinshi ku buryo wari hafi yo kumuhitana, amaherezo Huse yazanywe imbere y’inama y’abepisikopi. Bamuzanye aziritswe iminyururu maze ahagarara imbere y’umwami w’abami wari werekanye icyubahiro cye no kwizera kwe amurahirira kumurinda ntihagire umuhungabanya. Mu gihe kirekire cyo kumucira urubanza, yashikamye ku kuri kandi imbere y’abayobozi b’idini n’abategetsi ba leta bose bateraniye hamwe, ahavugira amagambo yahuranyije kandi adakebakeba arwanya imyitwarire mibi y’inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’i Roma. Ubwo yasabwaga guhitamo niba yahakana inyigisho ze akazireka bitaba ibyo akicwa, yemeye gupfa azize kwemera kwe.II 106.3

Ubuntu bw’Imana bwaramukomeje. Mu gihe cy’ibyumweru byinshi yamaze ababara mbere yo gucirwa urubanza ruheruka, umutima we wari wuzuye amahoro ava mu ijuru. Yabwiye incuti ye ati, “Nanditse uru rwandiko ndi muri gereza, amaboko yanjye yambaye iminyururu, ntegereje gucirwa urubanza rwo gupfa ejo. . . . Kubwo gufashwa na Yesu Kristo, ubwo tuzongera kubonana mu gihe cy’amahoro atagira impinduka yo mu buzima bw’ahazaza, nibwo uzasobanukirwa n’uburyo Imana yangiriye imbabazi, n’uko yamfashije ikankomeza mu bishuko n’ibigeragezo nahuye nabyo.” ^{53 - Bonnechose, vol.2, p.67}II 107.1

Mu mwijima wo mu kumba yari afungiwemo yahaboneye insinzi y’ukwizera nyakuri. Mu nzozi ze yasubije ibitekerezo muri Kiliziya y’i Prague aho yari yarabwirije ubutumwa bwiza maze abona papa n’abayobozi bakuru muri kiriziya bahanagura amashusho ya Kristo yari yarashushanyije ku nkuta z’iyo kiriziya. “Izi nzozi zaramubabaje cyane ariko ku munsi wakurikiyeho yabonye abahanga benshi mu gushushanya bahugiye mu kuvugurura ayo mashusho ari menshi kandi bakoresha amarangi arushijeho kubengerana. Umurimo wabo ukirangira, abo bantu bashushanyaga bazengurutswe n’imbaga y’abantu bateye hejuru bati: “Ngaho nimureke abapapa n’abepisikopi baze; ntibazigera bongera guhanagura aya mashusho!” Ubwo Huse yavugaga iby’izo nzozi yaravuze ati: “Niringira rwose ko ishusho ya Kristo itazigera ihanagurwa na mba. Bifuje kuyirimbura ariko izongera ishushanywe bundi bushya mu mitima yose n’ababwiriza bandusha.” ^{54 - D’Aubigné, b.I, ch.6.}II 107.2

Ku nshuro ya nyuma, Huse yazanwe imbere y’inama nkuru. Ryari ikoraniro rinini kandi ry’abakomeye: umwami w’abami, ibikomangoma, abajyanama ibwami, abakaridinali, abepisikopi, abapadiri n’imbaga y’abantu batabarika bari baje gushungera ibyari kuba uwo munsi. Mu turere twose twarangwagamo Ubukristo hari haturutse abahamya baje kureba iby’uyu muntu wari ugiye kuba igitambo gikomeye cya mbere mu rugamba rurerure rwabaye intandaro y’umudendezo wo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama.II 107.3

Ubwo yahamagarirwaga kuvuga umwanzuro we uheruka, Huse yaberuriye rwose ko adashobora kwivuguruza maze ahanga ijisho rye umutware mukuru wari watanze indahiro ariko ikarengwaho bikojeje isoni, maze aravuga ati, “Ku bushake bwanjye niyemeje kuza imbere y’iyi nama nshyigikiwe na rubanda no kwizera k’umwami w’abami wicaye aha.” ^{55Bonnechose, vol.2, p.84} Mu maso h’Umwami w’abami Sigismond hahise hijima maze abari bateraniye aho bose bamuhanga amaso.II 108.1

Huse amaze gucirwa urwo gupfa, umuhango wo kumwambura icyubahiro waratangiye. Abayobozi bakuru b’itorero bambitse imfungwa yabo imyambaro y’abepisikopi, maze ubwo Huse yambikwaga ikanzu y’abapadiri, yaravuze ati: “Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo yambitswe ikanzu yera, igihe Herode yamwoherezaga kwa Pilato kugira ngo babone uko bamukoza isoni bamutuka.” ^{56Bonnechose, vol.2, p.86}II 108.2

Ubwo bongeraga kumwingingira kwisubiraho, yarahindukiye areba rubanda maze aravuga ati: “None se nabasha nte gukomeza kwerekeza amaso yanjye mu ijuru? Nahangara nte kurebana n’imbaga y’abantu nabwirije ubutumwa bwiza butunganye? Oya rwose, agakiza k’abo bantu karuta kure uyu mutindi w’umubiri ugiye gupfa.” Batangira kumwambura imyambaro bamukuramo umwe umwe, maze buri mwepisikopi akamuvugiraho imivumo uko arangije umugabane w’uyu muhango. Ibyo birangiye, bamwambika ikamba ku mutwe rifite agasongero rishushanyijweho abadayimoni bateye ubwoba kandi imbere ryanditsweho n’aya magambo ngo, “Umuyobe ruharwa.” Huse yaravuze ati: “Mfite umunezero mwinshi wo kwambikwa iri kamba ry’urukozasoni ku bwawe Yesu wambitswe ikamba ry’amahwa ku bwanjye.”II 108.3

Igihe yari amaze kwambikwa iryo kamba, abo bayobozi bakuru b’idini baravuze bati: “Ubu ubugingo bwawe tubweguriye Satani.” Yohana Huse yubura amaso ye ayerekeza mu ijuru maze aravuga ati: ” Nshyize umwuka wanjye mu biganza byawe, Mwami Yesu, kuko ari wowe wancunguye. ” ^{57Wylie, b.3, ch.7}II 109.1

Noneho yashyikirijwe abayobozi ba Leta maze bamujyana aho yagombaga kwicirwa. Abantu benshi baramukurikira, abantu amagana bafite intwaro, abapadiri n’abayobozi bakuru b’idini bambaye amakanzu y’igiciro cyinshi n’abaturage b’i Constance. Ubwo yari amaze guhambirwa ku rumambo, ibintu byose byarangiye bategereje gukongeza umuriro, Huse yongeye kwingingirwa gukiza amagara ye aramutse yemeye kureka amakosa ye. Huse yaravuze ati: “Ni ayahe makosa nkwiriye kureka? Jye ubwanjye nzi ko nta kosa mfite. Ntanze Imana ho umugabo ko ibyo nanditse kandi nabwirije byose byakozwe hagamijwe gutabara abantu ngo bakurwe mu cyaha no kuzimira. Niyo mpamvu nishimiye cyane kuzahamisha amaraso yanjye uko kuri nanditse kandi nabwirije.” ^{58Wylie, b.3, ch.7} Ubwo ibirimi by’umuriro byari bimuzabiranyije, yatangiye kuririmba ati: “Yesu, mwana wa Dawidi, ngirira impuhwe!” Yakomeje atyo kugeza ubwo ijwi rye ryacwekereye burundu.II 109.2

N’abanzi be bose batangajwe n’ubutwari bwe bukomeye. Ubwo umuyoboke ukomeye w’itorero Gatorika yasobanuraga ibya Huse wazize kwizera kwe ndetse n’ibya Jerome waje gupfa nyuma y’igihe gito, yaravuze ati: “Bombi berekanye umutima utuje ubwo isaha yabo ya nyuma yegerezaga. Biteguye gutwikwa nk’abagiye mu birori by’ubukwe. Ntibigeze batakishwa n’umubabaro. Igihe ibirimi by’umuriro byazamukaga bateraga indirimbo; kandi ubukana bw’umuriro ntibwabashaga guhagarika indirimbo zabo.” ^{59Idem. b.3, ch.7}II 109.3

Igihe umubiri wa Huse wari umaze gushya burundu, ivu rye n’ubutaka bw’aho ryari riri byararundarunzwe maze bijugunywa mu ruzi rwa Rhine amazi arabitembana bijya mu nyanja. Abamwishe bibwiraga ko baranduye ukuri yari yarabwirije, ariko byabaye iby’ubusa. Ntibigeze batekereza ko iryo vu baroshye mu nyanja uwo munsi ryari kuzaba nk’imbuto ibibwe mu bihugu byose byo ku isi. Ntibari bazi ko mu bihugu byari bitaramenyekana, iyo mbuto yari kuzera amatunda y’abahamya b’ukuri atagira ingano. Ijwi ryumvikaniye mu cyumba cy’urukiko i Constance ryari ryohereje ukwirangira kwari kuzumvikana mu myaka yose yari kuzakurikiraho. Huse yari atakiriho ariko ukuri yazize ntikwari kuzashiraho. Urugero rwo kwizera no gushikama yatanze rwagombaga gukomeza abantu benshi bakazaba indahemuka ku kuri bageze imbere yo gutotezwa ndetse n’urupfu. Urupfu Huse yishwe rweretse isi yose ubugome bukabije bw’itorero ry’i Roma. Nubwo abanzi b’ukuri batari babizi, bamamaje hose ukuri bashakaga gutsemba ariko bikabananira.II 110.1

Nyamara kandi urundi rumambo rwagombaga gushingwa i Constance. Amaraso y’undi muhamya yagombaga guhamya ukuri. Ubwo Jerome yasezeraga kuri Huse igihe yari agiye kwitaba urukiko, yari yaramwingingiye kugira ubutwari no gushikama, amubwira ko nihagira akaga aza guhura nako ari bumufashe. Amaze kumva ko Huse yashyizwe mu nzu y’imbohe, uwo mwigishwa w’indahemuka yahise yitegura gusohoza isezerano yari yatanze. Aherako afata inzira yerekeza i Constance nta rwandiko rw’inzira afite kandi aherekejwe n’umuntu umwe gusa. Ageze muri uwo mujyi, nibwo yamenye ko yiroshye mu kaga kandi nta nzira yacamo ngo agire icyo akora cyo gukiza Huse. Yahereyeko ahunga uwo mujyi ariko aza gufatirwa mu nzira asubiye iwabo maze abasirikari bamubohesha iminyururu baramugarura. Ubwo bamuhingutsaga mu rukiko, agitangira kugerageza kwisobanura, yasanganijwe urusaku rw’abantu bavuga ngo: “Natwikwe! Natwikwe” ^{60Bonnechose, vol.I, p.234} Bamujugunye muri kasho ubwo, bamwambika iminyururu mu buryo bumubabaza cyane maze bakajya bamugaburira umugati n’amazi gusa. Hashize amezi make, ubugome yagiriwe afungwa bwamuteje uburwayi bwashegeshe ubuzima bwe, maze abanzi be batangira gutinya ko yabacika, bityo bagerageza kumworohereza umubabaro nubwo yamaze mu nzu y’imbohe umwaka.II 110.2

Ntabwo urupfu rwa Huse rwarangiye nk’uko abayoboke ba papa bari babyiteze. Kurenga ku rwandiko rwo kumushingana yari afite byabyukije kwivumbagatanya kw’abantu, bityo nk’uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo neza, aho gutwika Jerome, urukiko rwiyemeje kumuhatira kwisubiraho biramutse bishobotse. Bamuzanye imbere y’iteraniro maze bamuhitishamo kwisubiraho cyangwa gupfa atwitswe. Iyo aza gupfa mu itangira ry’ifungwa rye biba byaramubereye umugisha ubigereranyije n’imibabaro ikomeye yanyuzemo. Ariko noneho ubu ubwo yari atentebutse kubera uburwayi, imibabaro yaterwaga n’aho yari afungiwe, kubabara bitewe no guhangayika no kwibaza ibizakurikiraho, kuba yari yatandukanyijwe n’incuti ze kandi atewe ubwoba n’urupfu rwa Huse, byatumye ubutwari bwa Jerome butezuka maze yemera kumvira abagize urukiko. Yarahiriye ko yemeye kuyoboka ukwemera kw’itorero Gatolika, kandi yemera icyo urukiko rwakoze rucira Wycliffe na Huse urubanza, uretse ibyerekeranye “n’ukuri kuzira inenge” bari barigishije. ^{61Bonnechose, vol.2, p.141}II 110.3

Mu gukora ibyo, Jerome yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo acecekeshe ijwi ry’umutimanama kandi akize amagara ye. Ariko ubwo yari mu bwigunge mu kumba yari afungiwemo, yaje gusobanukirwa neza n’ibyo yari yakoze. Yatekereje ku by’ubutwari n’ubudahemuka bwa Huse, maze asanga bihabanye n’uko we ubwe yihakanye ukuri. Yatekereje ku Mwami we wo mu ijuru yari yararahiriye kuzakorera kandi wihanganiye urupfu rwo ku musaraba ku bwe. Mbere y’uko yisubiraho, ubwo yari mu mibabaro ye, yari yaraboneye guhumurizwa mu byiringiro by’ubuntu bw’Imana; ariko ubu kwicuza no gushidikanya byabuzaga amahoro umutima we. Nuko aza kumenya ko azongera kubazwa na none ibyo kwisubiraho kwe mbere yo kwiyunga n’abayobozi ba Roma. Intambwe yari atangiye gutera yari kuzamugeza ku buhakanyi bwa burundu. Yafashe umwanzuro ko: Atazihakana Umwami we ngo akunde akire imibabaro y’igihe gito.II 111.1

Ntibyatinze aza kongera guhamagarwa imbere y’urukiko. Imvugo ye yo kwisubiraho ntabwo yari yanyuze abacamanza. Inyota yabo yo kumena amaraso yari yakanguwe n’urupfu rwa Huse, bityo bashakaga kubona n’abandi bica. Jerome ntiyajyaga kurokora ubuzima bwe keretse gusa ahakanye ukuri agatsemba. Nyamara ubu bwo yari yamaze kwiyemeza gushikama ku kwizera kwe maze agatwikwa, bityo akagera ikirenge mu cya mugenzi we wazize kwizera kwe.II 111.2

Yahakanye ibyo kwisubiraho yari yavuze mbere, bityo nk’umuntu witeguye gupfa, niko gusaba abacamanza akanya ko kwiregura. Kubera gutinya ingaruka z’amagambo ye, abayobozi bakuru b’idini batsimbaraye ku cyifuzo cy’uko yakwemeza cyangwa agahakana ukuri kw’ibyo yaregwaga gusa. Jerome yarwanyije ubwo bugome bukomeye n’akarengane bamugiriye avuga ati: “Mwamfungiye muri gereza iteye ubwoba iminsi magana atatu na mirongo ine, mu myanda ahantu hanuka kandi munyima ibya ngombwa byose nari nkeneye, none munzanye imbere yanyu maze mutega amatwi abanzi banjye bashaka kunyica, njye mwanga kuntega amatwi! ....Niba mu by’ukuri muri abanyabwenge kandi mukaba muri umucyo w’isi, mwitonde mutica ubutabera. Naho jye ndi umuntu upfa woroheje, ubuzima bwanjye bufite agaciro gake; kandi iyo mbinginga ngo mwe guca urwa kibera, simbivuga cyane ku bwanjye nko ku bwanyu.” ^{62 - Bonnechose, vol.2, pp.146, 147.}II 111.3

Amaherezo icyifuzo cye cyarumviwe. Ari imbere y’abamuciraga urubanza, Jerome yarapfukamye maze asaba ko Mwuka Muziranenge yayobora ibitekerezo n’amagambo bye kugira ngo atagira icyo avuga gihabanye n’ukuri cyangwa se kidakwiranye n’Umwami we. Ku bwe uwo munsi hasohojwe amasezerano Imana yahaye abigishwa ba mbere ngo: “Bazabashyira abatware n’abami babampora...Ariko nibabagambanira, ntimuzahagarike umutima w’uko muzavuga, cyangwa ibyo muzavuga, kuko muzabibwirwa muri uwo mwanya; kuko atari mwe muzaba muvuga, ahubwo ni Umwuka wa so uzabavugisha.” ^{63Matayo 10:18-20}II 112.1

Amagambo ya Jerome yateje abamwumva kumirwa no kumutangarira ndetse n’abanzi be. Yari amaze umwaka wose afungiwe muri kasho, adashobora gusoma ndetse no kureba, ababara umubiri kandi mu bitekerezo ahangayitse. Nubwo yari amerewe atyo, ibitekerezo bye yabivuze nta shiti mu buryo bwumvikana kandi abivugana imbaraga nk’utaragize inkomyi yo kwiga. Yibukije abamwumvaga urutonde rurerure rw’abantu b’intungane baciriwe urwo gupfa n’abacamanza barenganya. Uko ibihe byagiye biha ibindi hagiye haboneka abantu bagiye bacecekeshwa kandi bagacibwa mu gihe bashakaga uko bagarura umutimanama mu bantu bo mu gihe cyabo, nyamara mu bihe byakurikiyeho, byagiye bigaragara ko bakwiriye kubyubahirwa. Kristo ubwe yaciriwe urw’umugome n’urukiko rwacaga urwa kibera.II 112.2

Ubwo yisubiragaho, Jerome yari yaremeye urubanza rwaciriwe Huse. Noneho ubu yavuze ibyo kwihana kwe kandi ahamya ko Huse wahowe kwizera kwe yari intungane ndetse n’inzirakarengane. Jerome yaravuze ati: “Namumenye kuva mu bwana bwe. Yari umuntu w’ingenzi, w’imbonera kandi utunganye. Nubwo yarenganaga, yaciriweho iteka ryo gupfa . . . Na jye niteguye gupfa sinzasubira inyuma ngo ntinye imambo zo kwicirwaho urw’agashinyaguro nateguriwe n’abanzi banjye, ndetse n’abanshinja ibinyoma bazasobanura ibibi bakoze umunsi umwe bahagaze imbere y’Imana ikomeye idashobora kugira icyo isobwa.” ^{64Bonnechose, vol.2, p.151}II 112.3

Mu magambo yo kwigaya kuba yarahakanye ukuri, Jerome yakomeje agira ati: “Mu byaha byanjye byose nakoze kuva mu buto bwanjye, nta na kimwe kindemereye mu ntekerezo kandi ngo kintere kwicuza kuncumita mu mutima nk’icyo nakoreye aha hantu habi ubwo nashyigikiraga urubanza rugoretse rwaciriwe Wycliffe ndetse na Yohana Huse wari intungane kandi wazize kwizera kwe, akaba yari umutware n’incuti yanjye. Ni ukuri! Mbyicujije bivuye ku mutima kandi mvuganye agahinda kenshi ko nacitse intege bikojeje isoni ubwo naciragaho iteka inyigisho zabo mbitewe no gutinya urupfu. Kubw’ibyo, nsabye Imana Ishoborabyose nicishije bugufi ko yambabarira ibyaha byanjye, kandi by’umwihariko ikambabarira iki cyaha kibi cyane mu byo nakoze byose.” Yahindukiriye abamuciraga urubanza maze avuga ashize amanga ati: “Mwaciriye Wycliffe na Yohana Huse urubanza mutabahoye kuba baranyeganyeje inyigisho z’itorero, ahubwo kubera ko bashyize ku mugaragaro kandi bakamagana amahano yakorwaga n’abayobozi bakuru b’idini ari yo gukunda iby’isi by’imburamumaro, ubwibone bwabo, ndetse n’ingeso mbi zose z’abayobozi bakuru mu idini n’abapadiri. Nanjye ntekereza kandi mpamya nka bo ibyo bahamije ndetse bidashobora guhakanwa.”II 113.1

Bahise bamuca mu ijambo maze abayobozi bakuru b’idini bari bazabiranyijwe n’uburakari bwinshi baravuga bati: “Mbese hari ikindi gihamya dukeneye? Twiboneye n’amaso yacu umuhakanyi uruta abandi!”II 113.2

Adatewe ubwoba no kumukangara, Jerome yaravuze ati: “Mwibwira ko ntinya gupfa? Mumaze umwaka wose mumfungiye mu kasho gateye ubwoba kurusha urupfu ubwarwo. Mwankoreye ubugome bukomeye cyane kurusha ubukorerwa Umunyaturukiya, Umuyahudi cyangwa umupagani, kandi umubiri wanjye wakuwe ku magufa ndi muzima. Nyamara sinigera nivovota kubera ko amaganya adakwiriye ku muntu ufite umutima kandi ubabwamo na Mwuka, ariko nta kindi mbasha kugaragaza uretse gutangazwa n’ubugome bwa kinyamaswa nk’ubu bugiriwe Umukristo.” ^{65Bonnechose, vol.2, pp.151-153}II 113.3

Uburakari bukaze bwongeye kubazabiranya maze Jerome ahita ajyanwa muri gereza. Nyamara muri iryo teraniro harimo abantu bamwe bari bakozwe ku mutima n’amagambo ya Yoramu kandi bashakaga kumukiza. Yasurwaga n’abakomeye benshi bo mu itorero maze bakamwingingira kumvira abagize urukiko. Bamusezeraniraga ibintu byiza cyane azahabwa nk’ingororano aramutse aretse kurwanya Roma. Ariko nk’uko Umukiza we yabigenje ubwo yasezeranirwaga icyubahiro cy’isi, Yoramu yakomeje gushikama.II 114.1

Jerome yaravuze ati: “Ngaho nimunyemeze mushingiye mu Byanditswe Byera maze munyereke ko ndi mu makosa, na njye ndayareka.”II 114.2

Umwe mu bamuhataga ibibazo yaravuze ati: “Ibyanditswe Byera! Mbese birahagije kugira ngo bicire umuntu urubanza? Ni nde ubasha kubisobanukirwa kandi itorero ryarabisobanuye?”II 114.3

Jerome yarasubije ati: “Mbese imigenzo y’abantu ni yo ikwiye kwizerwa kurusha ubutumwa bwiza bw’Umukiza wacu? Ntabwo Pawulo yararikiye abo yandikiye kumvira imigenzo y’abantu, ahubwo yaravuze ati, ‘Murondore mu Byanditswe’”.II 114.4

Wa muntu yasubije Jerome ati: “Umuhakanyi! Nicujije kuba namaze igihe kirekire nkwinginga. Ndabona ukoreshwa n’umubi.” ^{66Wylie, b.3 ch.10.}II 115.1

Nyuma y’igihe gito, Jerome yaciriwe urwo gupfa. Yarashorewe ajyanwa kwicirwa aho Yohani Huse yatangiye ubuzima bwe. Ubwo yajyanwaga, yagiye aririmba, mu maso he harabagirana ibyishimo n’amahoro. Yari ahanze amaso ye kuri Kristo, kandi ku bwe urupfu ntirwari rukimuteye ubwoba. Igihe uwagombaga kumutwika yazaga inyuma ye agiye gukongeza umuriro, Yoramu waziraga kwizera kwe yamubwije ijwi rirenga ati: “Ngwino udafite igihunga, kongereza umuriro imbere yanjye. Iyaba nagize ubwoba ntabwo mba ndi aha.”II 115.2

Amagambo aheruka yavuze ubwo ibirimi by’umuriro byazamukaga bimutwika yari isengesho. Yatatse agira ati: “Mwami, Data Ushoborabyose, ngirira impuhwe kandi umbabarire ibyaha byanjye; kuko uzi neza ko nakunze ukuri kwawe ibihe byose.” ^{67-Bonnechose, vol.2, p.168]} Ijwi rye ryaracwekereye, ariko iminwa ye ikomeza kunyeganyega asenga. Ubwo umuriro wari umaze kumukongora, ivu ry’uwo muziranenge n’ubutaka ryari ririho byararundanyijwe, maze rijugunywa mu ruzi rwa Rhine nk’uko irya Huse ryagenjwe.II 115.3

Uko ni ko abatwaramucyo b’indahemuka ku Mana bapfuye. Ariko umucyo w’ukuri babwirije (umucyo w’urugero rw’ubutwari bwabo) ntiwashoboraga kuzimywa. Nk’uko abantu batashoboraga kubuza izuba gukomeza urugendo rwaryo, ni nako batashoboraga guhagarika umuseke wari utambitse ku isi uwo munsi.II 116.1

Iyicwa rya Huse ryari ryarakongeje uburakari no gukangarana mu mujyi wa Boheme. Abatuye igihugu bose bari barabonye ko yazize ubugambanyi bw’abapadiri ndetse n’uburiganya bw’umwami w’abami. Yari azwi ho kuba yarabaye umwigisha w’ukuri w’indahemuka, kandi inama yari yaramuciriye urwo gupfa yashinjwaga icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Noneho inyigisho ze zarushijeho gukundwa kuruta mbere.II 116.2

Papa yari yarategetse ko inyandiko za Wycliffe zitwikwa. Nyamara izari zararokotse iryo twikwa noneho zakuwe aho zari zarahishwe maze zigirwa hamwe na Bibiliya cyangwa ibice bimwe byayo, bitewe n’uko abantu babashaga kubibona. Muri ubwo buryo, abantu benshi bayobowe mu kwemera ukuri kuvuguruwe.II 116.3

Abishe Huse ntibumvaga bafite amahoro kuko batifuzaga ko umurimo we ugera ku nsinzi. Papa n’umwami w’abami bunze ubumwe ngo barimbure itsinda ry’abayoboke be. Ingabo za Sigismond zoherejwe gutera i Boheme.II 117.1

Ariko umurengezi yarahagurutse. Ziska wategekaga i Boheme kandi akaba yari umwe mu basirikari bakuru b’intwali mu gihe cye, yaje kuba impumyi nyuma y’igihe gito intambara itangiye. Kubwo kwiringira gufashwa n’Imana no kuzirikana ubutungane bw’inzira bari barayobotse, abo baturage b’i Boheme bashoboye kwihagararaho batsinda ingabo zikomeye cyane zabateraga. Incuro nyinshi Umwami w’abami yagiye agerageza kohereza izindi ngabo i Boheme ariko zigatsindwa ku buryo bukojeje isoni. Abayoboke ba Huse ntibatinyaga urupfu kandi nta cyajyaga kubahangara. Hashize imyaka mike intambara itangiye, intwari Ziska yarapfuye ariko aza gusimburwa na Procopius wari umusirikari mukuru w’umuhanga kandi w’intwari nka Ziska, ndetse hari bimwe yamurushaga.II 117.2

Abanzi b’abaturage b’i Boheme bamenye ko wa musirikare w’intwari wari warabaye impumyi yapfuye, bibwira ko babonye akito ko gukora ibyari byarabananiye. Noneho Papa yatangije urugamba rwo kurimbura abayoboke ba Huse, maze nanone ingabo nyinshi zongera gutera i Boheme; ariko zigezeyo ziratsindwa bikomeye. Hongeye gutegekwa ko ikindi gitero kigabwa. Mu bihugu byose by’i Burayi aho ubupapa bwategekega, bakoranyije abantu, bateranya amafaranga n’intwaro z’intambara. Imbaga y’abantu benshi bitabiriye itegeko rya Papa bizeye ko amaherezo iby’abahakanyi bayobotse Huse bigiye kurangira. Ingabo nyinshi zinjiye i Boheme zifite ibyiringiro byo kuhatsinda. Abaturage bishyiriye hamwe kuzirwanya. Iyo mitwe ibiri y’ingabo yarasatiranye kugeza ubwo hagati yayo hasigaye umugezi uzitandukanya. “Izo ngabo zije kurimbura abayoboke ba Huse zari nyinshi cyane kandi zifite ibikoresho bikomeye, ariko aho kugira ngo zirohe mu mugezi maze zambuke zijye kurwanya abayoboke ba Huse, zahagaze hakurya zibatumbira zicecetse.” ^{68Wylie, b.3, ch.17}II 117.3

Uwo mwanya ubwoba budasanzwe bwatashye izo ngabo za papa. Zidashoboye no gukura inkota, izo ngabo zikomeye zatatanye nk’izirukanwe n’imbaraga itagaragara. Abenshi muri bo bicishijwe inkota n’ingabo zo mu bayoboke ba Huse zakurikiye abo bahungaga, ndetse zibanyaga iminyago myinshi ku buryo aho kugira ngo iyo ntambara ikeneshe ab’i Boheme, yarabakungahaje.II 118.1

Nyuma y’imyaka mike, himye umupapa mushya, maze hongera kugabwa ikindi gitero. Nk’uko byari byaragenze mbere, abantu, amafaranga n’intwaro byakusanyijwe bikuwe mu bihugu by’i Burayi biyoboka Papa. Abantu biyemezaga kujya muri uru rugamba rukaze basezeranirwaga agahimbazamusyi. Umuntu wese ugiye muri iyo ntambara yasezeranirwaga imbabazi z’ibyaha by’indengakamere yabashaga kuzakora. Abagwaga ku rugamba bose basezeranirwaga ingororano ikomeye mu ijuru, kandi abarokokaga bagombaga guhabwa icyubahiro n’ubukungu bakuye ku rugamba. Umutwe munini w’ingabo wongeye kuremwa maze abasirikire bambuka umupaka binjira i Boheme. Ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse zisubira inyuma kugira ngo zibareke bose binjire mu gihugu, kandi kugira ngo bizere ko batsinze urugamba. Amaherezo ingabo za Procopius zarahagaze zihindukirira abanzi babo zitegura kubarwanya. Noneho izo ngabo zibona ko zakoze ikosa, maze zisubira mu nkambi zazo zitegereje kongera gusubira kuri gahunda. Ubwo bumvaga urusaku rw’ingabo zibasatiriye, ndetse bataranabona ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse, bongeye gutahwa n’ubwoba bwinshi. Ibikomangoma, abasirikare bakuru ndetse n’abato bose bajugunya intwaro zabo maze bakwira imishwaro. Intumwa nkuru ya Papa yari iyoboye icyo gitero yagerageje kwegeranya ingabo ze zatashywe n’ubwoba kandi zatatatanye, ariko biba iby’ubusa. Nubwo yagerageje uko ashoboye, amaherezo nawe ubwe arahunga agenda mu ihururu ry’abahunga. Wa muvurungano wararangiye maze iminyago myinshi yongera kugwa mu maboko y’ingabo z’abayoboke ba Huse.II 118.2

Uko ni ko ku ncuro ya kabiri, ingabo nyinshi zoherejwe n’ibihugu bikomeye by’i Burayi, ingabo z’intwari, ingabo zimenyereye intambara, zatojwe kandi zari zambariye urugamba, zaje guhunga zitarakura inkota mu rwubati imbere y’abarwaniraga ishyanga rito kandi ryari ritaragwiza imbaraga. Aha ni ho imbaraga y’Imana yigaragarije. Abanzi b’abubahamana batewe n’ubwoba budasanzwe. Uwatsinze ingabo za Farawo mu Nyanja Itukura, uwirukanye ingabo z’Abamidiyani imbere ya Gidiyoni n’abagabo magana atatu bari kumwe nawe, wa wundi watsembye ingabo z’Abasiriya mu ijoro rimwe gusa, niwe na none warambuye ukuboko agwabiza imbaraga z’abarenganyaga abayoboke ba Huse. “Aho ngaho bahagiriye ubwoba bwinshi, ari nta mpamvu; kuko Imana yasandaje amagufwa y’uwagerereje ngo agutere; wabakojeje isoni, kuko Imana yabasuzuguye.” Zaburi 53:5.II 119.1

Abayobozi bagengwa na papa babonye ko badashobora gutsinda bakoresheje imbaraga, amaherezo bifashishije inzira y’umubano mu bya politike. Habayeho ubwumvikane ku buryo aho kugira ngo buheshe abaturage b’i Boheme umudendezo wo gukurikiza umutimana, ahubwo mu by’ukuri byabaye uburyo bwo kubagusha mu mutego w’ubutegetsi bw’i Roma. Abaturage b’i Boheme bari bavuze ingingo enye zikwiye kubahirizwa ngo bagirane amahoro na Roma. Izo ngingo zari izi: kwigisha Bibiliya ku mudendezo, guha abagize itorero bose uburenganzira bwo kurya ku mutsima no kunywa divayi mu gihe cyo guhazwa, gukoresha ururimi kavukire mu gihe cyo kuramya, ndetse no gutandukanya abayobozi b’itorero n’imirimo yose y’ubutegetsi bwa leta; kandi mu gihe habayeho icyaha cyo kwica, ubutabera bukaba bumwe ku bayobozi b’itorero kimwe na rubanda. Amaherezo abayobozi b’ubutegetsi bwa Papa baje “kwemera ko izo ngingo zose enye zisabwa n’abayoboke ba Huse zakwemerwa ariko ko inama nkuru y’itorero ari yo ifite uburenganzira bwo kubisobanura (ni ukuvuga uburenganzira bwo guhamya ubusobanuro bwabyo nyakuri). Mu yandi magambo ubwo burenganzira bukagirwa na papa n’umwami w’abami.” ^{69Wylie, b.3, ch.18}II 119.2

Amasezerano yabayeho ashingiye kuri izi ngingo, maze Roma ikoresheje ubuhendanyi n’uburiganya iba igeze ku cyo itashoboye kugeraho ikoresheje intambara; kuko kubwo gutanga ubusobanuro bw’inyandiko za Huse kimwe na Bibiliya, Roma yashoboraga kugoreka ubusobanuro bwabyo kugira ngo buhuze n’imigambi yayo.II 119.3

Umubare munini w’Abaturage b’i Boheme babonye ko ayo masezerano agendereye kubangamira umudendezo wabo bityo ntibayemera. Kutumvikana n’amacakubiri byaradutse maze bitera intambara no kumena amaraso hagati mu banyaboheme ubwabo. Muri iyo mirwano igikomangoma Procopius ayigwamo maze umudendezo w’ab’i Boheme uba urarangiye.II 120.1

Noneho Sigismond wari waragambaniye Huse na Yoramu ni we wabaye umwami w’i Boheme, bityo yirengagije indahiro yo kurengera uburenganzira bw’ab’i Boheme yari yararahiye, maze yongera gushyigikira inyigisho n’imihango by’itorero ry’i Roma. Mu gihe cy’imyaka makumyabiri ubuzima bwe bwabaye ubw’imiruho n’ibyago. Yatakaje ingabo ze kandi umutungo we urayoyoka bitewe n’intambara y’igihe kirekire kandi itarageraga ku nsinzi. Noneho amaze umwaka umwe gusa ku ngoma yarapfuye asiga ubwami bwe bugererejwe n’intambara, abamusimbuye abaraga izina ribi.II 120.2

Umuvurungano, intambara no kumena amaraso byakomezaga gukwira hose. Ingabo z’abanyamahanga zongeye kwinjira muri Boheme, bityo amacakubiri yari abarimo yakomeje kumunga imbaraga z’igihugu. Habayeho itotezwa rimena amaraso ryibasiye abantu bakomeje kuba indahemuka ku butumwa bwiza.II 120.3

Nk’uko byagendekeye abavandimwe babo bababanjirije, kugirana amasezerano na Roma byari byarinjije ibinyoma byayo, bityo ibyo bituma abayobotse ukwizera kwa mbere bari barishyize hamwe ubwabo maze bakora itorero ryihariye, bafata izina rivuga ngo, “Abavandimwe Bashyize hamwe.” Icyo gikorwa cyabakururiye imivumo iturutse mu bantu b’ingeri zose. Nubwo byagenze bityo, bakomeje gushikama ntibanyeganyezwa. Byabaye ngombwa ko bahungira mu mashyamba no mu buvumo, ariko bagakomeza kujya baterana kugira ngo basome Ijambo ry’Imana ndetse bagafatanya kuyiramya.II 120.4

Biturutse ku ntumwa boherezaga mu bihugu bitandukanye mu ibanga, baje kumenya ko hirya no hino hari “abemera ukuri batatanye bugarijwe n’itotezwa nkabo, bamwe bari muri uyu mujyi abandi mu wundi; bamenya kandi ko hagati mu misozi ya Alpe hari itorero rya kera rikigendera ku rufatiro rw’Ibyanditswe kandi rirwanya ukwangirika kw’itorero ry’i Roma riyoboka ibigirwamana.” ^{70Wylie, b.3, ch.19} Aya makuru yakiranwe ibyishimo byinshi kandi hatangira uburyo bwo koherezanya amakuru hagati yabo n’Abakristo b’Abawalidense.II 121.1

Abakristo b’i Boheme bashikamye ku butumwa bwiza, bihangana mu ijoro ryo gutotezwa bari barimo, kandi mu isaha y’umwijima w’icuraburindi bakomezaga guhanga amaso yabo imuhero nk’abantu bategereje ko bucya. “Kubaho kwabo kwari kuri mu minsi mibi, ariko ...bibukaga amagambo yabanje kuvugwa na Huse kandi agasubirwamo na Jerome ko mbere y’uko umuseke utambika hagomba gushira ikinyejana. Ku bayoboke ba Huse, ayo magambo yababereye nk’icyo amagambo ya Yozefu yamariye urubyaro rwa Yakobo ubwo bari bari mu Misiri maze akavuga ati: ‘Ngiye gupfa: ariko Imana ntizabura kubagenderera, ikabakura muri iki gihugu.’” ^{71Itangiriro 50:24; Wylie, b.3, ch.19.“} Imyaka iheruka y’ikinyejana cya cumi na gatanu yaranzwe no kwiyongera nyako ariko kwagendaga buhoro kw’amatorero y’‘Abavandimwe bashyize hamwe.’ Nubwo bataburaga kugirirwa nabi, ntibyababujije kwishimira kumva baruhutse. Mu itangira ry’ikinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu, amatorero yabo yageraga kuri magana abiri mu mujyi wa Boheme no muri Moravia.” ^{72Ezra Hall Gillett, Life and Times of John Huss, vol.2, p.570.}II 121.2

“Uko ni ko umubare munini w’abarokotse kwicwa batwitswe cyangwa kwicishwa inkota babashije kubona umuseke wa wa munsi Huse yari yaravuze.” ^{73Wylie, b.3,ch.19.}II 121.3