Ikigabane Ca 12 - Ubugorozi Mu Bufaransa

Igikorwa cabereye i Spires aho abaganwa b’abaprotestanti berekana ko badashigikiye ivyapfunditswe mu nama, hamwe n’igishingantahe c’abo baganwa nyene i Augsburg, vyatumye Ubugorozi bushika ku ntambuko ishimishije mu Budagi, vyakurikiwe n’imyaka y’ingorane n'umwiza. Ubugorozi bwahavuye bugira intege nke, kubera ababushigikiye biciyemwo imigwi; kandi kuko abansi babwo bama babugizeko ibitero, vyasa nk’uko ubuprotestanti bwagira busambuke. Kubwo gushinga intahe kwabo, abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baravishijwe amaraso. Intambara zo gusubiranamwo zaradutse; igikorwa abaprotestanti bari baranguye carahemukiwe n’umwe mu ndongozi zaco. Bamwe mu ntore z’abaganwa bari bemeye inyigisho za Luther baguye mu minwe y1 umwami w’abami maze bakama babazungurukana nk’abapfungwa babakura mu gisagara baja mu kindi. Ariko mu gihe yari yiteze kwigina intsinsi yiwe, umwami w’abami yashikiwe giturumbuka no kuneshwa. Ico yari yamaze kwishimira ko agifise mu minwe caramuciye mu myanya y’intoke, maze biba nkenerwa inyuma ya vyose ko aha agahengwe inyigisho yari asanzwe yarafatiye umugambi wo kurandura mu buzima bwiwe. Yari yashese ubwami bwiwe, amatungo mbere n’ubuzima bwiwe kugira ngo arwanye izo nyigisho “z’ivyaduka”. Yagize arabe abona abasoda biwe bahereye ku rugamba, ubutunzi bwiwe bwamushizeko, ubwami butandukanye buri musi y’ukuboko kwiwe bugeramiwe n’imigumuko, mu gihe ahantu hose ukwizera yari yagerageje kwankiriza kwariko kurahashinga ibirindiro. Charles wa Gatanu yariko ararwanya Nyen’ubushobozi bwose ariko ntiyabimenye. Imana yari yavuze iti ” Ni habe umuco”, ariko umwami w’abami we yarondera ko umwiza utsimbatara. Imigambi yiwe yaramusambukanye; yaruhishijwe n’intambara zamaze igihe kirekire maze bituma asazira imburagihe; yatanze imihoho maze ubuzima bwiwe busigaye abumara ari ahantu yari yiyugaraniye.IB 154.3

Nk’uko vyagenze mu Budagi, no mu Buswise harabaye imisi y’umwiza kubera Ubugorozi. Mu gihe ibice bimwe vy’igihugu vyemeye ubugorozi, ibindi navyo vyumiye ubutarekura bihumirije ku nyigisho z’lshengero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Ugutoteza abo bose bipfuza kwakira uwo muco w’Ubugorozi vyatumye haduka ingwano yo gusubiranamwo. Zwingli hamwe n’abandi benshi bari bifatanije na we mu gikorwa c’Ubugorozi basize ubuzima mu rugamba rw’i Cappel. Haheze igihe gito, Oecolampadius,nawe nyene, kubwo kurengerwa n’ayo makuba, yarasinziriye. Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryarabona ko ririko rirakabakaba intsinzi , kandi mu turere atari duke, vyasa nk’uko riri hafi yo kwigarurira ivyo ryari ryatakaje. Ariko Nyene inama z’ibihe vyose ntiyari yahevye igikorwa ciwe hamwe n’abantu biwe. Ikiganza ciwe cari ico kubarokora. Mu tundi turere yari yahagurukije abandi bakozi ngo batsimbataze ubugorozi.IB 155.1

Mu Bufaransa, imbere yuko izina rya Luther rimenyekana nk’umugorozi, umutwenzi wariko uratamanzura. Umuntu yabaye uwa mbere mu kwakira uwo muco yari umutama Lefevre w’i Etaples. Yari umuntu afise ubumenyi bwagutse, umwigisha wo muri Kaminuza y’i Paris, yayoboka Papa n’ishaka ryinshi kandi ata buryarya. Ariko arakora ubushakashatsi mu vyandiko vya kera, yumvise arongowe kuri Bibiliya maze aca akundisha abanyeshure biwe kuyiga.IB 155.2

Lefevre yari umuntu yahimbarwa no gusenga “aberanda” kandi yari yarihaye umugambi wo gutegura igitabo cerekana kahise k’aberanda n’abamaratiri akurikije uko babiyaga mw’ishengero. Iki cari igikorwa camusaba ukwitanga guhambaye; kandi yari amaze gutera intambwe iboneka mu nteguro y’ico gitabo, aho yiyumvira yuko muri Bibiliya ashobora gukurayo ubufasha bwomwunganira; yaciye atangura kuyisoma afise iyo ntumbero. Muri Bibiliya yarabonyeyo aberanda vy’ukuri; ariko yasanze batandukanye n’abari ku kirangamisi c’Abaroma. Umwuzurira w’umuco w’Imana wakwiragiye mu bwenge bwiwe. Ivyo vyamuteye kuzinukwa ubutagisubirayo igikorwa yari yishinze maze aca atangura kwigisha ukuri kw’agaciro yari amaze kumenya.IB 155.3

Mu mwaka w’1512, imbere yuko yaba Luther canke Zwingli batangura igikorwa c’Ubugorozi, Lefevre yanditse ati: “Imana ni yo iduha, ku bwo ukwizera, ukwo gutsindanishirizwa kubwo ubuntu kuturekurira kuronka ubuzima buhoraho.” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 1) Yisunze ukwo gucungurwa gusiga ubwenge, yaritangaje ati: ” Mbega ingene bigoye kuvuga ivy’ukwo gukaba guhambaye: - udafise icaha aciriwe urubanza maze ugabitanya ararekurirwa kwidegemvya; umugisha wikoreye umuvumo kandi ikivume gishikanywe mu migisha; utanga ubuzima arapfuye kandi uwapfuye arabayeho; icubahiro kirarengewe n’umwiza, kandi umuntu ataco azi uretse kugira isoni mu maso yambitswe icubahiro.” (D'Aubigne, London ed., b. 12, ch. 2)IB 155.4

Kandi nk’uko yigisha ko icubahiro c’agakiza ari ic’Imana yonyene, ni nako yamenyesha yuko igikorwa c’ubugamburutsi ari ic’umuntu. Yavuga ati: “Nimba uri umwe mu bagize Ishengero rya Kristo, uri urugingo rw’umbiri wiwe; nimba naho uri umubiri wiwe musangiye nawe kamere y’Imana....Icompa abantu bagashika aho batahura iri teka ridasanzwe, mbega ukuntu bobaho mu bweranda, batihumanya kandi batiyanduza; h amwe n’ivyo mbega ukuntu bobona icubahiro c’iyi si ukuntu ari ubusa, ukigereranije n’icubahiro kiri muri twebwe, ico ijisho ry’umubiri ridashobora kubona.” (Ibid., b. 12, ch. 2.)IB 155.5

Mu banyeshure ba Lefevre, harimwo bamwe bumvirizanya ubwitonzi amajambo yiwe, aba ni bo bahavuye bamamaza ukuri inyuma yuko ijwi ry’umwigisha wabo ryari rimaze gucecekeshwa. Abo bari nka William Farel. Yari yavukiye mu muryango w’abantu bakunda Imana kandi yari yarezwe ku buryo yemera atarinze kubaza inyigisho zTshengero; yashobora kuvuga nk’intumwa Paulo ariko yivuga ati: “Nari umufarisayo wo mu muce urusha iyindi yo mw’idini yacu gushimikira ku migenzo.” (Ivyakozwe n’lntumwa 26:5) Yari umunywanyi akomeye yitangiye ishengero ry’i Roma kandi yiyumvamwo ishaka ridasanzwe ryo gusambura ikintu cose cari guhirahira kigahangana n’lshengero Gatolika ry’i Roma. Mu nyuma yibuka, ingene yabayeho mu buzima bwiwe yaravuze ati: “Nararya insya z’amenyo nk’imfyisi yasaze, iyo numva hagize umuntu ahirahiye akagira ikintu avuga kuri Papa.”(Wylie, b. 13, ch. 2.) wIB 156.1

Ntaho yari bwigere yumva ko arambiwe no “gusenga aberanda.” Yama ari kumwe na Lefevre bazunguruka mu mashengero y’i Paris, basengera ku ruhimbi kandi bagashira ishikanwa ryabo muri ivyo bibanza vyarimwo ibisigarira vy’aberanda. Ariko rero ubwo buryo bwo gusenga ntibwashobora kumuzanira amahoro mu mutima. Yumva aboshwe no kwiyagiriza icaha ku buryo ico cose yakora ngo yibabaze kitashobora kumutezurira ico cagirizo. Amajambo y’Ubugorozi yayakiriye nk’ijwi rivuye mw’ijuru: “Agakiza kaboneka kubwo ubuntu.” “Utagira icaha aciriweko iteka, umunyakibi yambitswe izera.” “Umusaraba wa Yesu wonyene ni wo wugurura ibirimba vy’ijuru kandi ukugara amarembo y’i kuzimu.” (Ibid., b. 13, ch. 2.)IB 156.2

Farel yakiranye ukuri umunezero. Kubwo uguhinduka kwiwe nk’ukwashikiye Paulo, ntiyari akiboshwe n’imigenzo ahubwo yinjiye mu mwidegemvyo w’abana b’Imana. “Aho kugira umutima urangwa n’ubwicanyi nk’ubwo imfyisi yasaze”, yarigaruye, aravuga “mu gacerere nk'ako umwagazi urangwa n’amahoro, uguhwekera, ko umutima wiwe yawukijije Papa maze akawuha Yesu Kristo.” (DAubigne, b. 12, ch. 3)IB 156.3

Mu gihe Lefevre yabandanya gukwiragiza mu banyeshure umuco yaronse, Farel we, afise umwitwarariko ukomeye w’igikorwa ca Kristo nk’uko yitwararika ivya Papa, yatangaje icese ivy’uwo muco. Umuntu yubahwa mw’ishengero , umwepisikopi w’i Meaux, yifatanije nabo hadaciye igihe kirekire. N’abandi bigisha bari mu rwego rwo hejuru kubwo ubuhinga n’ubumenyi bwabo bifatanije nabo mu kwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza maze haca haboneka abanywanyi ku nzego zose, guhera mu ngo z’abanyagihugu basanzwe n’abazi utugenegene, gushitsa ku kirimba i bwami. Umupfasoni Marguerite de Namur, umuvukanyi wa Francis wa mbere yari umwami ico gihe, yarakiriye izo nyigisho z’Ubugorozi. Mbere harabayeho igihe umwami we ubwiwe hamwe n’umugabekazi baraba ubugorozi ijisho ryiza, maze kubwo ivyizigiro vyo hejuru abagorozi batangura kwiyumvira igihe Ubufaransa bwose buzoba bwamaze kwakira ubutumwa bwiza.IB 156.4

Ariko rero babonye igihushane c’ivyo bari bizigiye . Amarushwa n’uguhamwa vyari birindiriye abigishwa ba Kristo. Ariko kubwo ubuntu bw’Imana, ayo makuba yari anyegejwe amaso yabo. Harabayeho igihe c’agahengwe cabashoboje kuronka inguvu zo guhangana n’igihuhusi; muri ico gihe, Ubugorozi bwarateye imbere. Umwepisikopi w’i Meaux yakoranye ishaka ryinshi muri diyoseze yarimwo mu kwigisha urwego rw’abihebeye Imana hamwe n’abizera basanzwe. Abapatiri badakerebutse kandi barangwa n’imico mibi barakuwe mu mabanga yabo basubirizwa abantu b’incabwenge kandi bakunda ivy’Imana. Uwo mwepisikopi yaronderana inguvu ingene abantu ajejwe boshikira ijambo ryimana bakarigira iryabo, kandi yarabishitseko hadaciye igihe kirekire. Lefevre yatanguye gushira mu rurimi rw’igifaransa Isezerano risha. Mu gihe Bibiliya Luther yahinduye mu kidagi yari isohotse mw’icapiro ry’i Wittenberg; Isezerano risha riri mu rurimi rw’igifaransa ryari ribonetse i Meaux. Ntaco uwo mwepisikopi atakoze, mbere yaremeye no gutanga uburyo bwiwe kugira ngo iyo Bibiliya ishikire ama paruwasi yose; ari co catumye bidatevye, abanyagihugu b’i Meaux bari bafise Ivyanditswe vyera.IB 156.5

Nk’uko ingenzi zinyotewe zakirana umunezero isoko ry’iriba ry’amazi meza, uko niko iyi mitima yakiriye ubutumwa bwo mw’ijuru. Abarimyi mu ndimiro, abanyabugenegene mu bibanza bakoreremwo, bararangura ibikorwa vyabo ku musi ku musi baremeshanya, baganira ivy’ukuri kw’agaciro kwa Bibiliya. Ku mugoroba, aho gukoranira mu tubare, barondera inzu y’umubanyi bahuriramwo kugira ngo basome ijambo ryimana maze bifatanye mu gusenga no mu guhimbaza. Bidatevye habaye ihinduka ridasanzwe mu bantu bo muri ako karere. Naho bari abantu basanzwe, abanyagihugu bataciye ku ntebe y’ishure ariko b’abakozi, vyaraboneka ko mu buzima bwabo habaye ihinduka ridasanzwe kubwo Ubugorozi n’ubushobozi bwo hejuru bw’ubuntu bwimana. Bahagaze barangwa no guca bugufi, urukundo hamwe n’ubweranda nk’ivyabona vy’aho ubutumwa bwiza buzoshikana abo bose babwakira ata buryarya.IB 157.1

Umuco wabonetse i Meaux washikanye imishwara yawo kure. Ku musi ku musi igitigiri c’abagenda bakira ubutumwa bwiza cariyongera. Ishavu ry’abarongozi bishengero, mu gihe runaka, ryarahwamitswe n’umwami aterekwa ugukavya kw’abamonaki mu gushigikira ibintu hatabayeho kubanza kurimbura; ariko abarongozi b’ubupapa ntibabirekeranye. Noneho ibiti vyo guturirirako abantu vyarashinzwe. Umwepisikopi w’i Meaux yagoberewe guhitamwo uguturirwa canke ukwivuguruza, aca yemera inzira yoroshe. Ariko naho abarongozi bari berekanye intege nke, abantu bari bemeye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi baranangiriye ata guhugumba. Benshi bashingiye ukuri intahe hagati y’imbeya z’umuriro. Kubwo ubutwari n’ubwizigirwa berekanye babohewe ku biti babatuririyeko. Abo bakristo baciye bugufi bashoboye gushikana ubutumwa ku bantu ibihumbi batari bashoboye kwumva igishingantahe cabo mu gihe c’amahoro.IB 157.2

Abantu baciye bugufi hamwe n’abakene si bo bonyene bashimitse bagashingira intahe Kristo hagati y’imibabaro no gushinyagurirwa. Mu bibanza vy’icubahiro vy’i buganwa no mu ngoro zo ku kirimba harabonetse abantu baha ukuri agaciro bakurutisha ubutunzi, ivyicaro mbere n’ubuzima. Kenshi abari bambaye impuzu z’ubwami barerekana agatima ko kudahugumba ngo bavirire ukuri gusumvya ababa bambaye amakanzu y’iteka n’inkofero y’abepisikopi. Louis de Berquin yari uwo mu nda y’ingoma. Yari umusoda wo ku kirimba kandi umuntu w’intwari; yarakunda kwiga, yarafise imibereho myiza kandi yarangwa n’inyifato runtu. Nk’uko umwanditsi umwe yabivuze: “Yari umuntu yubahiriza ido n’ido amategeko ngenderwako y’ubupapa, kandi yama yateze amatwi imisa hamwe n’izindi nsiguro; ...ingabire zose yari afise yari yazinengesereje urwanko rudasanzwe yari afitiye inyigisho za Luther.” Ariko nk’uko vyashikiye n’abandi, yagoberewe n’ubushobozi adafiseko ububasha gutumbera kuri Bibiliya. Yaguye mu gahundwe atayisanzemwo “inyigisho z’lshengero ry’i Roma, ahubwo akayibonamwo inyigisho za Luther.” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.) Ivyo vyatumye yitanga atiziganije ashigikira igikorwa c’ubutumwa bwiza.IB 157.3

“Yari umwe mu baganwa b’incabwenge bo mu Bufaransa ” Yari umuhinga kandi akaba yari azi kuvuga, yari intwari n’umunyamwete kandi ubwaku bwiwe bwari bufise ikibanza ku kirimba - kuko yari somambike n’umwami. Ivyo vyari vyatumye abantu benshi bamubona nk’uwategekanirijwe kuba umugorozi mu gihugu ciwe. Theodore de Beze yamuvuzeko aya majambo: “Berquin yari gushobora kuba Luther wa kabiri iyo Francis wa mbere amushigikira.” Abayoboke ba Paba bo batera urwamo bavuga bati: “arusha ububi Luther.”(Ibid., b. 13, ch. 9.) Ku kaba nk’ako, abayoboke b’Ishengero ry’i Roma, mu Bufaransa, baramutinya. Baramufunze bamwagiriza ngo afise inyigisho zigoretse ariko umwami aramufungura. Urwo rugamba rwarabandanije i my aka myinshi. Fransisiko yarabuze uruhande yokwegamira hagati y’inyigisho z’lshengero Gatolika ry’i Roma hamwe n’iz’Ubugorozi. Hari igihe yareka abamonaki bakarangwa n’ishaka mu kugira nabi, hari n’igihe yabahagarika. Incuro zitatu zose Berquin yarapfunzwe n’abategetsi b’ubupapa, umwami akaba ari we wenyene amufunguza kuko yashima ubuhinga n’imyifato runtu vyiwe, akanka kuba yoreka ng’uburyarya bw’abarongozi b’Ishengero bumuzimanganye.IB 158.1

Berquin bama kenshi bamugabishije ko umutakano wiwe mu Bufransa ubangamiwe, babamugobera ngo yigane abarondereye umutekano mu buhungiro ku bwo ugushaka kwabo. Erasme yari asanzwe avuga make kandi ari ntambira ikije; yari umunyabwenge atari yashoboye gushika ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gutahura yuko ikigira umuntu mukuru atari ubuzima abayeho canke ivyubahiro, ari ukuri. Rero yandikiye Berquin avuga ati: “Urasaba bakurungike guserukira igihugu cawe mu mahanga, ugende uheze utembere mu Budagi. Urazi uko Beda ari; ni igihume gifise imitwe igihumbi, kirungika ubumara mu mpande zose. Abansi bawe ni “Gitero”. Nubwo ivyo ushira imbere vyoba ari vyiza biruta ivyo Yesu yashira imbere, ntibazokwigera baguha agahengwe batarabona ko bagushize hasi. Reka kwizigira rwose uburinzi bw’umwami. Kandi ku bizogushikira vyose, ntuze uhirahire ngo undendereze ukoresheje igisata c’ivyiyobokamana.” (Ibid., b. 13, ch. 9.)IB 158.2

Ariko uko Berquin yarushirizaho kugeramirwa ni nako ishaka ryiwe ryongerekana. Aho gukurikiza impanuro Erasme yari yamuhaye, yigiriye ahubwo inama yo gufata ingingo zikomeye gusumvya zo gukurikiza. Ubu noneho ntiyari guhagarara ashingira intahe ukuri vyonyene, ahubwo yategerezwa no kudoma urutoke ku kinyoma. Ico abayoboke b’Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma barondera kumwagiriza yuko inyigisho ziwe zigoramye, ni bo yagitumberejeko. Abantu bamurwanya kuruta abandi kandi bari bamufitiye ishavu rirura bari abantu baminuje mu vy’ubwenge hamwe n’abamonaki b’igisata c’ivy’iyobokamana muri Kaminuza ikomeye y’i Paris, imwe muri Kaminuza nkuru y’ubutegtsi bw’ishengero aho muri ico gisagara, mbere no mu gihugu cose. Mu nyandiko z’abo bahinga mu vyo ubumenyi, yakuyemwo ivyiyumviro cumi na bibiri yamenyesheje icese ko “biteye kubiri na Bibiliya kandi ko bigoramye”; kandi yaciye asaba umwami ngo ahagarare nk’umucamanza hagati y’abari bahanganye.IB 158.3

Umwami vyaramushimishije gushira ku munzane ubushobozi bw’izo mpande zose zari zihanganye n’aho zigeza mu kumenya; kandi kabaye n’akaryo kuri we ko gucisha bugufi ubwibone n’ukwishima vy’abamonaki; yasavye abayoboka ubupapa gushigikira ivyo bashira imbere bakoresheje Bibiliya. Iki kirwanisho, bose bari babizi, ko ata kintu kinini cari kubamarira. Ugufunga abantu, ukubahohotera hamwe no kubabohera ku bishitsi ngo babaturire, ni vyo birwanisho vyonyene bari bamenyereye gukoresha. Ubu rero amameza bari bayazinze, kandi babonye ko hasigaye gato bakagwa mu cobo bariko bibaza ko bokizitsemwo Berquin. Baguye mu gahundwe, batangura kurondera ingene bova muri ako kangaratete.IB 159.1

“Muri ico gihe nyene, igishushanyo ca bikira Mariya cari iruhande y’inzira imwe baragiciyemwo ibihimba.” Haciye habaho uruhagarara rukomeye mu gisagara. Abantu isinzi barashwabadutse baza kuraba ivyabaye bihebuye kandi bababaye. Umwami ubwiwe vyaramubujije amahoro. Abamonaki bari baronse akaryo ko kwuriririrako kandi ntivyari gutwara umwanya muremure batagakoresheje ico bashaka. Bateye akamo hejuru bavuga bati: “Ibi ni ivyamwa vy’inyigisho za Berquin”; “Hasigaye akanya gato gusa ibintu vyose bigasambagurwa: idini, amategeko, intebe y’ubwami ubwayo, kubera aka kadenderezo k'abayoboke ba Luther.”(Ibid., b. 13, ch. 9)IB 159.2

Berquin yarongeye arafatwa. Umwami yari yamaze kuva i Paris aja i Blois, ku buryo abamonaki bari baronse akabero ko gukora ivyo bigombeye. Uyo mugorozi yararengukijwe, intahe irasasa, maze bamucira urubanza rwo gupfa. Kandi kugira ngo umwami Fransisiko ntiyongere kuronka akaryo ngo abe yomurekuza, ingingo bari bafashe baciye bayishira mu ngiro uyo musi nyene. Igihe c’isaha zitandatu z’umurango, Berquin bamujanye mu kibanza bari bateguye kumugandaguriramwo. Abantu isinzi barakoranye kugira ngo barabe ivyagira bishike. Benshi baratangaye kandi bibatera kwihebura babonye ugiye kwicwa ari umwe mu bantu beza kandi b’intwari bo mu miryango y’abaganwa bo mu Bufaransa. Ukugwa mu gahundwe, ukwidodomba, agakengerwe, hamwe n’inzigo vyaraboneka mu maso y’iryo koraniro ryari ryashwabadutse. Ariko mu maso y’umuntu umwe gusa ni ho hataboneka igipfungu na kimwe. Ivyiyumviro vy’uyo mumaratiri vyari kure cane y’ahariko harabera ayo marorerwa yari yateye umudugararo; vyaraboneka ko we ari imbere y’inyonga z’umwami.IB 159.3

Igitwazi bari bamushizeko ngo kimurerure, amaso yuzuye ubugizi bwa nabi y’abariko baramutoteza, urupfu rubabaje rwari rumugeramiye si vyo vyari bimuraje ishinga: Uwabayeho kandi yari yarapfuye, kandi ari muzima ibihe vyose, kandi afise impfunguzo z’urupfu n’iz’i kuzimu yari iruhande yiwe. Mu maso ha Berquin haraca ibibatsi kubera umuco w’amahoro wo mw’ijuru. Yari yambaye neza cane, “ikanzu y'umugara, impuzu z'agaciro n’ibirato vy’izahabu ” (DAubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 2, ch. 16.) Yagomba gushingira intahe ukwemera kwiwe imbere y’Umwami w’abami hamwe n’imbere y’isi yariko irabikurikirana, kandi nta kamenyetso na gato vyaboneka ko komubuza kunezerwa.IB 159.4

Mu gihe bariko bararengana, abantu bari mu mayira baje gushengerera baratangajwe no kubona ukuntu yambaye n’ingene akeye mu maso; vyari bitwitikiriye amahoro yiyumvamwo hamwe n’umunezero w’intsinzi. Bihaye akamo bavuga bati: “ameze nk’umwe avyagiye mu rusengero, ivyiyumviro vyiwe biri ku bintu vyeranda.” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.)IB 159.5

Bamaze kumubohera ku gishitsi bari kumuturirirako, Berquin yagerageje kugira amajambo make yoshikiriza abantu. Ariko kubera yuko abamonaki batinya ico ayo majambo yohava avyara, batanguye gutera urwamo, abasoda nabo batangura gukazanura ibirwanisho vyabo, maze ivyo vyose bituma ijwi ry’uwo mumaratiri rirengerwa, ntiryumvikana. Uko ni ko mu mwaka w’1529, Kaminuza y’i Sorbone, yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku bijanye n’ubuhinga mu vy’indimi hamwe n’ubutegetsi bw’ishengero, y’i Paris, harimwo incabwenge yatanze “akarorero ku banyagihugu bo mu mwaka w’1793 ko kunigira mu menshi amajambo y1 umuntu yicaye ku ntebe y’urupfu, yiteze kunyongwa.” (Ibid., b. 13, ch. 9.)IB 160.1

Louis de Berquin baramunize maze ikiziga ciwe baragiturira. Inkuru z’urupfu rwiwe zateye agahinda abantu bose b’abagenzi b’ubugorozi mu Bufaransa. Ariko akarorero kiwe ntikari kapfuye ubusa. « Na twe turiteguye », uko ni ko ivyabona vy’ukuri vyavuze, «guhangana n’urupfu tunezerewe, amaso yacu tuyatumbereje ku buzima buri imbere.»(D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 2, ch. 16.)IB 160.2

Mu gihe agahamo kabica bigacika mu gisagara c’i Meaux, abigisha bari bashigikiye Ubugorozi barabatse uburenganzira bwo gusigura maze baca bagenda mu tundi turere. Inyuma y’igihe gito Lefevre yari ashitse mu Budagi. Farel yasubiye mu gisagara ciwe c’amavuko, mu burasirazuba bw’Ubufransa, kwamamaza umuco mu mihana y’aho yakuriye. Amakuru y’ivyariko birabera i Meaux, yari yamaze kuyamenya kandi ukuri yigishije n’ishaka ata bwoba kwaronse abakwumviriza. Bidatevye, abategetsi barahagurutse, bamubuza kuvuga, maze bamwirukana mu gisagara. Nubwo atari agishobora kwigisha ku mugaragaro,yaciye afata inzira y’ibiyaya n’ibigwati, akigishiriza mu bibanza vy’abantu, mu mazu yiherereye; kandi akaronka aho aryama mu mashamba no mu masenga y’amabuye, aho yama yanyuragiye akiri umusore. Imana yariko iramutegura kuzohangana n’ibigeragezo bihambaye. “Imisaraba, agahamo, imikenyuro ya Satani nari naramenyeshejwe ntivyabuze kunshikira”, ni ko yavuze, “mbere biteye ubwoba cane ku buryo jewe ntari kuvyihanganira; ariko Imana ni umuvyeyi wanje, yampaye kandi izokwama ibihe vyose impa inkomezi zose nkeneye.” (D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, b. 12, ch. 9.)IB 160.3

Mu misi y’intumwa, agahamo “kari katumye ubutumwa bwiza bushirwa imbere”. (Ab’i Filipi 1:12) Abirukanywe i Paris n’i Meaux, “barasabagiye bagendagenda ahantu hose bavuga ijambo ryimana.” (Ivyakozwe nintumwa 8:4. ) Uko ni ko umuco wiciriye inzira maze ushika mu ntara yo hagati mu gihugu c’Ubufaransa.IB 160.4

Imana ntiyari bwaheze gutegura abakozi bo kwagura igikorwa cayo. Muri rimwe mu mashure y’i Paris hariho umusore w’inkerebutsi, yiyumvira cane kandi atekereje; yari amaze kwerekana yuko ahambaye mu gukoresha ubwenge afise mu kwiyumvira agashikana kure. Hamwe n’ivyo, ubuzima bwiwe bwarangwa n’imico runtu, ukwijukira kwiga no kumenya hamwe no gukunda ivy imana. Kuba ari umuhinga kandi akunda ibikorwa vyatumye amenyekana muri iryo shure, ku buryo abantu bose bari biteze ata gukekeranya ko Yohani Calvin ahinduka umwe mu bantu bashoboye gusumvya abandi kandi bubahwa kuko barwanirira ishengero. Ariko umushwarara w’umuco wimana wari wamaze kwinjira no mu mpome z’ubuhinga mu gutunganya imvugo hamwe no mukwemera ibintazi Calvin yari yugaraniyemwo. Izo nyigisho nshasha yari yazumvise kandi ntivyari vyabuze kumutera ubwoba, ku buryo ata gukekeranya na guto, yabona ko abazikwiragiza ata kindi cari kibabereye uretse kubabohera ku bishitsi, bakabaturira. Ariko bitavuye ku gushaka kwiwe, yahavuye abonana n’izo nyigisho amaso mu yandi maze biba nkenerwa ko ashira ku munzane ubushobozi bw’ivyigwa vy’iyobokamana vy’ishengero ry’i Roma mu kurwanya inyigisho z’abaprotestanti.IB 160.5

Muvyara wa Calvin yari i Paris, yari yamaze kwemera inyigisho z’Ubugorozi. Barakunda guhura kenshi maze bagaharira ku bibazo vyari biraje ishinga abakristo ico gihe. Uyo muvyara we, Olivetan, yari umuprotestanti; yama yavuze ati: “Mw’isi hariho amadini abiri”. Idini rimwe ni iryo abantu bishiriyeho. Muri ryo, umuntu ni we yikiza kubwo ibirori n’ibikorwa vyiza. Irindi dini naryo ni iriboneka muri Bibiliya; iryo naryo ryigisha umuntu kwitega agakiza kubwo ubuntu bw’Imana.”IB 161.1

Calvin yama yitangaje avuga ati: “Ni mugumane izo nyigisho zanyu nshasha, ziratsitaza. Muribaza yuko ubuzima bwanje bwose nabubayemwo mu butamenya?” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 7)IB 161.2

Ariko rero ivyo vyiyumviro vyari vyateragiye mu bwenge bwiwe imbuto atari gushobora kurandura. Mu cumba ari wenyene, yakomeje kwiyumvira ku majambo ya Olivetan. Yaribonye neza ko ari umunyavyaha, asanga nta muntu w’ukuri kandi atunganye afise wo kumuburanira mu maso y’abacamanza. Ugusabirwa n’aberanda, ibikorwa vyiza, imigenzo y’ishengero, vyose ntivyoshobora gukuraho icaha. Nta kindi kintu yabona imbere yiwe uretse umwiza w’ubwoba bwamaho. Incabwenge zo mw’ishengero ntaco zashobora gukora kugira ngo zimumare amakenga yari afise. Ukwirega,ukwibabaza ntaco vyashobora kumushikanako; ntivyashobora kumwuzuza n’ Imana.IB 161.3

Mu gihe yari akiri muri izo ntambara zo kudidanirwa z’urutavanako, umusi umwe Calvin yatembereye mu kibanza cari ihuriro ry’abantu bose maze yibonera ingene bica umuntu bagiriza ngo yakiriye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi, bamuturiye. Yaratangajwe no kubona mu maso h’uyo mu maratiri harangwa n’amahoro. Hagati y’umubabaro udasanzvve w’urwo rupfu rw’agashinyaguro no kubona yaciriwe urubanza rukomeye n’lshengero rimwagiriza icaha, Calvin yerekanye ukwizera hamwe n’ubutwari uwo musore w’umunyeshure atashobora kugereranya n’ubwoba hamwe n’umwiza vyamuranga, kandi yari abayeho ku buryo budasanzwe yubahiriza amabwirizwa y’Ishengero. Yamenye ko uwo mu maratiri bari bahejeje guturira yari yubatse ukwizera kwiwe kuri Bibiliya. Yaciye afata ingingo yo kuyisoma, arayiga, kugira ngo nimba bishoboka atahure ibanga ryinyegeje inyuma y’umunezero abagorozi bari bafise.IB 161.4

Ariko asoma Bibiliya, yashoboye kumenya Yesu. Yihaye akaruru avuga ati: “Data, ikimazi ciwe cahwamitse uburake bwawe; amaraso yiwe yanyuhagiye imyanda; umusaraba wiwe wiremetse umuvumo wari kuri jewe; urupfu rwiwe rwatumye ndekurirwa. Twirondereye inzira z’ubujuju ataho zishikana , ariko nashize imbere yanje ijambo ryawe nk’urumuri, kandi umutima wanje wawukozeko kugira ngo nshobore kuzinukwa ibindi bintu vyose nahora mpa agaciro uretse igikorwa gikiza ca Yesu gusa.” (Martyn, vol. 3, ch. 13.)IB 161.5

Inyigisho Calvin yari yarakurikiranye zari izo kumutegura kuba umupatiri. Amaze imyaka cumi n’ibiri gusa yari yagenywe kuba umuvugiramana mw’ishengero ritoya ry’i Gesine; yari yatiwe hakurikijwe amabwirizwa y’Ishengero n’umwepisikopi w’i Noyon. Ntiyari yararahiye ngo atange indagano, nta n’ubwo yarangura amabanga nk’ayo umupatiri asanzwe; ariko yabaye umwe mu basaseredoti , afise igikorwa yitirirwa kandi akakironkera agashirukabute.IB 161.6

Amaze kubona rero ko azohava ataba umupatiri abushitse, yabaye ariga ivyo amategeko, ariko mu nyuma navyo nyene yarabihevye ahitamwo guhebera ubuzima bwiwe igikorwa co kuvuga ubutumwa. Ariko yari afise amakenga yo kuba umwigisha akorera ahabona. Yari asanzwe ari umuntu atavuga menshi kandi yariyumvamwo ko kurangura igikorwa nk’ico ari amabanga ahambaye cane, mu gihe yiyumvamwo inyota yo kubandanya amashure. Ariko kubera yuko abagenzi biwe bakomeza kumugobera, yahavuye avyemera. Yaravuze ati: “Binabereye kubona umuntu afise amamuko yo hasi ashirwa hejuru agaterwa iteka nk’iryo.” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.)IB 162.1

Calvin yinjiye mu mabanga maze atangura igikorwa mu gacerere kandi amajambo yiwe yari ameze nk’ikime gituma isi igira akabombera. Yari yavuye i Paris maze aja mu gisagara co mu ntara yo hagati mu gihugu, i Angouleme yari musi y’uburongozi bw’umuganwakazi Marguerite de Navarre. Uno yarakunda Ubutumwa bwiza kandi yaranakingira n’abigisha babwo. Calvin yari umusore agwa neza kandi ashikirana. Igikorwa ciwe yagitanguranye n’abantu b’i muhira. Baramukikuza maze akabasomera Bibiliya, akabamenyesha ukuri kubakiza. Abumva ubwo butumwa baca bajana iyo nkuru nziza ku bandi, maze bidatevye uwo mwigisha ararengana igisagara kinini, aja mu bisagara bito bito no mu bigwati. Mu ngoro ziteye igomwe no mu tururi baramwakirana igishika, maze arashishikara, atanguza imishinge y’amashengero yari kuzoshingira ukuri intahe ata bwoba.IB 162.2

Haheze amezi make yagarutse i Paris. Ukuza kwiwe kwatumye habaho uruhagarara mu ncabwenge hamwe n’abantu bari baraminuje. Kubwo ukwitwararika kumenya indimi za kera vyari vyatumye abantu basoma Bibiliya, kandi benshi muri bo, imitima yabo ntiyari bwanyurwe n’ukuri kwayo; bama rero bahaririye n’abashigikira ishengero ry’i Roma ivyo basanga muri Bibiliya. N’ubwo Calvin yari bitumwako mu mpari nk’izo, yari afise iyindi nshingano irengeye kure abo baharira barushanya amajambo vyonyene. Wari umwanya mwiza wo gushira ukuri imbere y’abantu bari bataye umutwe. Mu gihe mu birasi vyo muri za Kaminuza hari huzuyeyo ibihari kuvy’iyobokamana, calvin we yariko ava ku nzu aja ku yindi, asomera abantu Bibiliya, ababwira ivya Kristo yabambwe.IB 162.3

Mu nteguro z’Imana, igisagara ca Paris cari kuronka ubundi butumire bwo kwakira Ubutumwa bwiza. Umuhamagaro bari bahawe na Lefevre hamwe na Farel bari bawukengereye, ariko kandi noneho, Ubutumwa bwari bugiye kubwirwa abantu bose bo muri uyo murwa mukuru. Kubwo impamvu ziwe za politike, umwami w’ubufaransa ico gihe ntiyari bwaje mu ruhande rw’Ishengero ry’i Roma ngo arwanye Ubugorozi. Marguerite de Navarre yari acenena ku vyizigiro vy’uko Ubuprotestanti buzotsimbatara mu Bufaransa. Yihaye inshingano yuko inyigisho z’Ubugorozi zikwiriye gushikirizwa i Paris. Yahengereye umwami atari mu micungararo aha itegeko umupasitori w’umuprotestanti, Gerard Russel, ngo asigure mu mashengero yo mu gisagara. Kubera yuko abarongozi bakuru b’ishengero batabishigikiye, uyo muganwakazi yaciye arondera ikibanza kukirimba. Yuguruye inzugi zo mu kirimba c’i Louvres, ahategura icumba kinini, maze amenyesha abantu bose ko ku musi ku musi, kw’isaha yumvikanyweko, hazokwama hashikirizwa insiguro, abantu bose bari batumiwe kuyumviriza hatarinze kurabwa icubahiro cabo canke aho baturuka. Abantu baritavye ku bwinshi. Ico kibanza cari categuwe cararengewe, abantu baraba benshi, bakwira aho hose hari ikibanza bokwicaramwo. Ku musi ku musi, abantu ibihumbi barakorana : abaganwa, abatware b’igihugu, abanonosoye amategeko, abadandaza hamwe n’abanyamwuga. Umwami aho gutanga itegeko ngo ahagarike ayo makoraniro, yasavye ko bugurura abiri mu mashengero y’i Paris. Nta gihe cari bwabeho nk’ico aho igisagara cari cajugumijwe n’ijambo ryimana. Mpwemu y’ubuzima iturutse mw’ijuru bisa nk’uko yariko irasukwa ku bantu. Ukwigerera, ukutihumanya, gukora ibintu ku rutonde hamwe no kutarera amaboko vyari vyasubiriye akaborerwe, ubuhumbu, ibihari n’ubunebwe.IB 162.4

Ariko rero, abarongozi bakuru bishengero ntibari bareze amaboko. Kubera ko umwami yari yagumye kw’izima ntiyemere ko izo nsiguro zihagarikwa, abo barongozi baciye birara mu bantu. Ntaco batakoze kugira ngo buririye ku kutamenya no kwemera ibintazi kw’abantu benshi babatere ubwoba, babemeze ibintu atari vyo, babasunike kugira ngo bashigikire ibintu batabanje kurimbura ivyo ari vyo. Kubwo gukurikira nk’impumyi abo bigisha bazimiza, igisagara ca Paris nticamenye igihe cagenderewe nk’uko vyigeze gushikira Yerusalemu ya kera ; nta n’ubwo camenye ibintu vyari bifitaniye isano n’amahoro yaco. Mu gihe kingana n’imyaka ibiri yose, ijambo ryimana ryaravuzwe urutavanako muri uwo murwa mukuru Paris ; ariko nubwo abatari bake bakiriye ubwo butumwa, abandi bantu isinzi ntibabwemeye. Kubera ko Francis wa mbere yari yabaye arihanganira Ubugorozi kubwo impamvu za politike, vyari vyatumye abayoboke bishengero ry’i Roma bongera kuvyura akanyarigabo, basubira ku bubeshi bahorana. Amashengero barongoye barayugaye, maze ibishitsi vyo guturirirako abantu vyongera gushingwa.IB 163.1

Calvin yari akiri mu gisagara c’i Paris, yitegura mu kwiga ijambo vyimana, mu kuririmburako no mu gusengera igikorwa ciwe muri kazoza kandi abandanya no gukwiragiza umuco. Ariko rero, impera n’imperuka, batanguye kumwikeka. Abarongozi bishengero bari barahiye bararengwa ko bategerezwa kumubohera ku gishitsi bakamuturira. Yari azi ko ari mu mutekano aho yari abaye yiherereye. Ntiyicura ko hoba hariho ibimubangamiye aho yabona abagenzi biwe bamushikiriye amaguru adakora hasi baje kumumenyesha yuko hariho intumwa zari zirungitswe kumufata. Muri ako kanya nyene bumvise abantu bakomanga cane ku rugi rwo hanze. Nta mwanya wariho wo gutakaza. Bamwe mu bagenzi biwe bagumye ku rugi bafatiriye izo ntumwa bazisamaza, mu gihe abandi nabo bariko baramufasha gusohoka yururukanye mw’idirisha, maze aca akura meza ahungira muri karitiye yari inyuma y’igisagara. Yihutiye kwinjira mu nzu y’umurimyi ubugorozi bwari bwaguye neza, maze amusaba impuzu kugira ngo azihinduranye n’izo yari asanzwe yambaye; akubita isuka ku rutugu maze abandanya urugendo rwiwe. Yerekeje mu bumanuko bw’igihugu, yongera kuronka ubuhungiro mu ntara zari musi y’uburongozi bwa Marguerite de Navarre. (See D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 2, ch. 30.)IB 163.2

Yari amaze amezi make muri ako karere ataco yinona, akingiwe n’abagenzi biwe bakomeye kandi abandanya yiga nk’uko yari asanzwe abikora. Ariko umutima wiwe wari urajwe ishinga no kwamamaza ubutumwa mu Bufaransa; yumva rero atomara umwanya muremure ataco ariko arakora. Amaze kubona igihuhusi gituruye, yarondeye akarere yokoreramwo, i Poitiers, ahantu hari Kaminuza kandi n’inyigisho ziwe zikaba zari zimaze kuhaka indaro. Abantu baho bo ku nzego zose barumvirije ubutumwa bwiza. Nta kibanza cariho yakoreramwo ku mugaragaro, ariko yakorera mu nzu y’umutware, mu cumba acumbitsemwo canke rimwe na rimwe ahantu abantu bakoranira canke kw’isamariro.IB 163.3

Calvin yasomera amajambo y’ubuzima buhoraho abo bose baba bipfuza kuyumviriza. Haheze igihe, abonye abaza kumwumviriza barushirizaho kwiyongera, basanze vyoba ari vyiza baravye ahantu boza barakoranira hanze y’igisagara. Isenga ryari ahantu h’imanga haga, hari hanyegejwe n’ibiti hamwe n’amabuye y’ibitandara, ni ho bahisemwo kwama barahurira. Abantu basohoka igisagara mu migwi mito mito, bagahurira muri ico kibanza. Muri ubwo bwiherero, barasoma Bibiliya n’ijwi ryumvikana kandi bakayisigura. Aha ni ho abaprotestanti bo mu Bufaransa bateguriye ubwa mbere na mbere imeza y’Umwami, barasangira. Ryari ishengero ritoya; ariko muri ryo ni ho havuye abavugabutumwa atari bake b’abizigirwa, bashikanye Ubutumwa mu tundi turere.IB 164.1

Calvin yarongeye asubira i Paris irindi rimwe. Ntiyigera na rimwe avirira ivyizigiro vy’uko umusi umwe igihugu c’Ubufaransa kizokwemera Ubugorozi. Ariko yasanze inzugi zose zomushikana aho yokorera zugaye. Guhirahira ukigisha ijambo ry’Imana kwaba ari ukwigerezako, kwaba ari ukwishingira igishitsi wewe nyene co kukuboherako bakaguturira. Yahavuye rero yigira inama yo kuja mu Budagi. Amaze kuhakura ikirenge, igihuhusi gikomeye caciye gihungabanya abaprotestanti bo mu Bufaransa. Iyo aza kuhateba gato gusa, ubuzima bwiwe bwari kuzimanganira mu bwicanyi bw'agahomeramunwa bwahabaye.IB 164.2

Abagorozi bo mu Bufaransa bari barajwe ishinga n’uko igihugu cabo comera nk’Ubudagi n’Ubuswise. Ku bw’ivyo, barondeye gusitura ibintazi ishengero Gatolika ry’l Roma ryemera, ku buryo vyahungabanije igihugu cose. Mw’ijoro rimwe , mu Bufaransa hose, baramanitse inzandiko ziyamiriza imisa. Iri shaka rirenze urugero, aho gutuma Ubugorozi butera intambwe buja imbere, ryabakururiye guhona. Aberekanye ko barigendera sibo bonyene bashikiwe n’ingorane, ariko n’abo bose bari bamaze kuba abagenzi b’Ubugorozi mu Bufaransa, barahaboneye amakuba. Ibi ni vyo vyahaye abayoboke ba Papa akabero k’ico bari bipfuza kuva kera - imbarutso yobabera icitwazo cotuma batsiratsiza abagorozi bitwaje ko bahungabanya umutekano w’intebe y’inganji hamwe n’amahoro y’igihugu.IB 164.3

Hariho umuntu umwe atigeze amenyekana - ashobora kuba yari umwe mu bantu batazi kwiyubara canke umwansi yagomba kubakwegera - yagiye amanika ico candiko ku rugi rw’icumba kidasanzwe c’umwami. Ivyo vyatumye umwami agira ishavu ryinshi. Muri ico candiko, bari batunze urutoke ku buryo budasanzwe ukwemera ibintazi kwari kumaze imyaka n’imyka kwubahirizwa. Ukwo gushirukanya kudasanzwe kwari kwatumye izo nzandiko bazimanika imbere y’amaso y’umwami maze bituma agira ishavu ryinshi. Mu gihe yari agitangaye, yaramaze umwanya muto ajugumira kandi ataco afise avuga. Mu nyuma ishavu ryiwe ryose ryagaragariye mu majambo ateye ubwoba yashikirije: “Abantu bose bavomye kw’isoko ya Luther, ni mubafate ata n’umwe avuyemwo. Bose nzobatsiratsiza.” (Ibid., b. 4, ch. 10.) Nta kintu cari kigisigaye. Umwami yari ahejeje kwerekana ko yahisemwo atiziganije kuba mu ruhande rw’ubupapa.IB 164.4

Rero iryo tegeko y’uko umuntu wese yakiriye inyigisho za Luther yofatwa, ryarashizwe mu ngiro. Umunyamwuga umwe w’umukene, yari amaze kwakira inyigisho za Luther, yari amenyereye gutumira mw’ibanga abizera ngo baje mw’ikoraniro, baramufashe, bamutera ubwoba yuko bari bumwice bamuboheye ku giti, bamuturiye; maze bamutegeka yuko ajana intumwa z’umwami akaza arazereka ku muhana ahantu hose haba umuprotestanti muri ico gisagara.Ivyo bamusavye vyatumye ahahamuka; kandi kubwo gutinya guturirwa, yaremeye kugurisha abo bari basangiye ukwemera. Ihositiya iri imbere yiwe, kandi akikijwe n’abapatiri bamugendanira, abari bafise ivyotero, abamonaki hamwe n’abasoda, Morin, uwo umwami yari yatumye ngo amurangurire ico gikorwa, ari kumwe n’uwo muhemu, buhoro buhoro, mu gacerere, baranyuragiye mu mayira yo mu gisagara. Ico bakoze kwari ukwerekana ata gusubira inyuma icubahiro c’ “Isakaramentu nyeranda”, uburyo bwo gusubiza iteka “imisa”abaprotestanti bari bakengereye, bagatuka. Ariko inyuma y’urwo rugendo hari hinyegeje umugambi wapfunditswe neza w’ubwicanyi. Bashitse ahantu habangabanganye n’urugo rw’umuprotestanti, uwo muhemu yabatungira urutoke arwerekana ariko ntasohore ijambo na rimwe. Abari mu rugendo baca bahagarara aho, bakinjira muri iyo nzu baberetse, abayirimwo bose bakababoha, maze bakabandanya urugendo barondera ahandi hari abantu bo gufata. “Nta nzu n’imwe yaba yagutse canke ntoya basimba, mbere n’amashure yose ya Kaminuza y’i Paris barayagezemwo. Morin yajugumije igisagara cose....Cari igihe carangwa n'ubwoba. (Ibid., b. 4, ch. 10.)IB 165.1

Abafatwa babica babanje kubacunaguza. Hari hasohowe itegeko ridasanzwe yuko umuriro bawegenyeza buhoro ababa bariko barasambagurika bamare umwanya muremure bariko barasha. Ariko bapfuye nk’abanesheje. Ntibigeze bahugumba, amahoro yabo nta gipfungu cari kiyatwikiriye. Abariko barabahama kuko ata kindi co kubagirira nabi bari bafise borenzako, bumvise baneshejwe, bagira ubwoba. “Ibiti vyo kuboherako abantu bakabaturira barabikwiragije mu bice vyose vy’igisagara c’i Paris, maze ku musi ukurikira, babibaturirirako. Ivyo babikoze kugira ngo batere ubwoba abigisha Ubugorozi aho bari hose. Ariko impera n’imperuka ubutumwa bwiza bwaharonkeye akoyoko. Igisagara cose ca Paris cashoboye gutangarira ingene inyigisho z’ubugorozi zahinduye abo bantu abadasanzwe. Nta nsiguro n’imwe yo ku ruhimbi yaruta ivyo bishitsi batuririyeko abamaratiri. Umunezero wimbitse berekanye bariko bararengana.. ..babajana mu bibanza babatuririramwo, ubutwari berekanye bahagaze mu mbeya z’umuriro uriko urabakongera, imbabazi zababonekako n’ubwo bariko barabagirira nabi, vyahinduye mu bihe bitari bike ishavu mu mpuhwe, urwanko mu rukundo kandi vyashingiye Ubugorozi intahe irushirizaho kwumvikana.” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 20.)IB 165.2

Kubwo kurazwa ishinga n’uko abantu bose bogumana ishavu rirerire, abapatiri bakwiragije ivyagirizo vy’agacamutwe bavyegeka ku baprotestanti. Babagirije ko bariko barahemukira abagatolika ngo babice, ko bagomba gutembagaza ubutegetsi bw’igihugu bakagandagura umwami. Ariko nta gitutu c’ikimenyamenya na kimwe bari bafise bubakirako ivyo vyagirizo. Ariko ubwo buhanuzi bwo kwiyotsa ikibi bwategerezwa gushika buzananye mu zindi nzira kandi busunitswe n’izindi mpamvu zihushanye. Ubugizi bwa nabi abagatolika bagiriye abaprotestanti bwariyongereye gushika ku buremere bw’uko bwosubirizwa mu ndumane; kandi haheze imyaka amajana bwabakwegeye agatikizo bari bipfurije umwami n’abo basangiye igikorwa, mbere n’abatwarwa biwe. Ariko rero ako gatikizo kari kazanywe n’abo bita abatizera hamwe n’abayoboke ba Papa ubwabo. Ugutsimbatara kw’ubuprotestanti si kwo kwazaniye Ubufaransa ivyago bitagira izina; ahubwo icabakwegeye kwabaye ukurondera ugusenyura ubuprotestanti.IB 165.3

Ukwikekana, ukutizerana n’ubwoba vyarakwiye mu nzego zose z’igihugu. Hagati y’ukwo kuranduka umutima rusangi vyarabonetse neza yuko inyigisho za Luther zari zarakiriwe n’abantu basanzwe bubahwa mu gihugu kubera ubumenyi, ubwaku bafise ku bandi, na kamere yabo nziza. Ibibanza vy’icubahiro kandi vyizigiwe vyasigaye, mu kanya isase, bigaragara. Abanyamyuga, abakora mu macapiro, abanyeshure, abigisha bo muri za Kaminuza, abanditsi b’ibitabo mbere n’abakunda guteramira i bwami ntibari bakiboneka. Abantu amajana n’amajana baromotse bava mu gisagara ca Paris, bahunga intara zabo bavukiyemwo ata kibirukanye; kenshi mbere batanze gutyo ikimenyamenya cabo ca mbere c’uko baraba ryiza Ubugorozi. Abayoboke ba Papa batangajwe no kubona hariho abantu bangana uko batari bazi ko bamaze gucengeterwa n’Ubugorozi bakaba babana ataco binona. Baciye bata ishavu ku bantu bafiseko ubushobozi. Amabohero yari yuzuye kandi ikirere naco cari cirabujwe n’umwotsi w’ibishitsi vyariko birasha bituriririweko abemanze ubutumwa bwiza.IB 166.1

Umwami Francis wa mbere yari yarishimiye kuba yabaye umurongozi yashikiweko n’umuvyuro w’ubumenyi watanguriye ikinjana ca cumi na gatandatu. Vyari vyaramuhimbaye kwegeraniriza ku kirimba iwe abantu b’incabwenge mu vyo kumenya kwandika bavuye mu bihugu vyose. Kubwo ugukunda ubumenyi no kurwanya ubujuju hamwe no kwemera ibintazi kw’abamonaki, vyari vyatumye ku ruhande rumwe yihanganira Ubugorozi ntiyaburya uruhuha. Ariko rero, asunitswe n’ishaka ryinshi ryo kurandura Ubugorozi, uyu murongozi yari yarataziriwe “umuvyeyi w’ubumenyi” yasohoye ikibiriraho itegeko ribuza igikorwa c’icapiro na rim we mu gihugu c’Ubufaransa. Francis wa mbere yabaye kamwe mu burorero bwinshi kerekana ko kuba uteye imbere mu vyo ubumenyi bidasigura yuko ukingiwe kuba wototeza canke ukarya uruhuha abanyamadini.IB 166.2

Ubufaransa bwarateguye icese ibirori rusangi vyo kwerekana ko bwihaye inshingano yo kurwanya Ubuprotestanti. Abapatiri basavye yuko abakoze Imana mu jisho batyoza “imisa” bakwiye kubirihisha amaraso yabo; kandi ko umwami, aserukiye abo arongora, yategerezwa gucira urubanza ico gikorwa c’ubugizi bwa nabi. Umuhinga wo kwegeranya ivyabaye muri kahise, Simon Fontaine, umwigisha i Sorbonne, yashize ahabona iyo nkuru muri aya majambo akurikira.IB 166.3

Igenekerezo rya 21 nzero mu mwaka w’1535, ni wo musi wari wagenwe ngo ivyo birori bibereko. Ubwoba ataco bushingiyeko hamwe n’ikinyoma cari gihanze igihugu cose vyagiye ahabona. Abantu isinzi, baje bava hirya no hino, bari buzuye mu mabarabara y’i Paris. Hari hagiye kubaho urugendo rudasanzwe rwari kuranga uwo musi. “Amazu yari ku mpande z’ibarabara yari amanitsweko ibitambara vy’umubabaro kandi mu bibanza bimwe wahasanga uruhimbi ruteguye.” Imbere y’urugi rwose hariho ikimuri kubwo gutera iteka “isakaramentu nyeranda.” Imbere yuko izuba rirenga, abantu bakoraniye ku kirimba i bwami, biteguye gutangura urwo rugendo. ” Imbere hariho imitamana iriko inyandiko hamwe n’imisaraba y’amaparuwasi menshi. Ivyo vyakurikirwa n’abanyagihugu bagenda ari babiri babiri kandi bafise ibimuri.” Imiryango y’abihebeye Imana uko ari ine ni yo yakurikiye, umwe wose abawugize bambaye ku buryo bubaranga. Haciye hakurikira ibisigarira vyegereranijwe vy’abantu canke vy’ahantu bataziriye ubweranda. Abaza ubwa nyuma bari abanyacubahiro bo mw’ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma, bitunganije neza, bambaye amakanzu ateye igomwe hamwe n’impeta zica ibibatsiIB 166.4

“Umwepisikopi w’i Paris, avyagiye mu ntebe nziza ireruwe n’abantu bane bo mu nda y’ingoma, ni we yari afise ihositiya. Umwami yari inyuma akurikiye ihositiya. Kuri uwo musi, Francis wa mbere nta mpuzu y’ubwami yari yambaye, nta n'urugori rw’ubwami yari afise ku mutwe. “Ata cubahiro c’ubwami afise ku mutwe”, agenda araba ku nzira, afise ikimuri mu minwe; ” umwami w’Ubufaransa yaboneka nk’uko ariko aribabariza ivyaha vy’abo arongoye.” (Ibid., b. 13, ch. 21.) Aho hose hariho imeza nyeranda, yaca aha Karidinali w’i Lorraine ikimuri yari afise, amaboko yiwe akayashira mu gikiriza, maze akarwana yicuza ariko atabitewe n’ivyaha vyiwe vy’ubusambanyi, ububeshi no gusezerana ntashitse, canke amaraso y’abantu yaseseye ubusa yari ku biganza vyiwe, ahubwo abitewe “n’icaha c’agacamutwe” c’abantu bahirahiye bakiyamiriza imisa. Inyuma y’umwami haza umwamikazi hamwe n’abandi banyacubahiro mu gihugu, nabo ubwabo bagenda ari babiri babiri, umwe wese afise ikimuri mu minwe.IB 167.1

Kimwe mu bintu vyaranze uwo musi ni ijambo umwami yashikirije abanyacubahiro bo mu gihugu cose bari bakoraniye mu cumba kinini co kirimba kwa musenyeri. Yahagaze imbere yabo yijiriwe mu maso maze akoresheje amajambo ashika ku mutima avuga “ivy’ubugizi bwa nabi, ukurogota hamwe n’umusi w’agahinda n’ubumaramare washitse ku Bufaransa. Yaciye asaba umuntu wese w’umwizigirwa ngo amufashe barandurane n’imizi ico kinyoma c’akaranda cari kibangamiye Ubufaransa. Yavuze ati: “Bashingantahe, mu gihe nkiri umwami, ni namenya yuko rumwe mu ngingo zanje rwashikiwe canke rwandukiwe n’urwo ruryi rumunga kandi ruteye ubwoba; nzorutanga baruce.... Kandi hamwe n’ivyo, ni nabona uwo mu bana banje yandukiwe na rwo, sinzomubabarira... jewe ubwanje nzomwibohera maze ndamutange nk’ikimazi ku Mana.” Ntiyabandanije gushikiriza ijambo ryiwe kuko yaciye akorora amosozi maze abari bakoraniye ng’aho bifatanye nawe, bararira, bose bavuga ngo: “Tuzobaho kandi dupfe kubwo Ishengero Gatolika.” (D’Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 4, ch. 12.)IB 167.2

Ijoro ry’umwiza w’umuzitanya ryari rimaze gutwikira igihugu cahakanye umuco w’ukuri. Ubuntu bwo “soko y’agakiza” bwari bwahishuwe; ariko Ubufaransa bumaze kubona neza ubushobozi n’ubweranda bwabwo, bumaze kubona abantu ibihumbi bamurikiwe n'ubwiza mvajuru, bumaze kubona ingene ibisagara hamwe n’ibigwati vyashikiwe n’imishwarara yabwo; bwahisemwo kubutera umugongo, butoranya umwiza. Ubufaransa bwaranse kwakira ingabirano y’ijuru bwari bwahawe. Iciza bwacise ikibi, ikibi naco bucita iciza, gushika aho bashikiwe n’ingaruka mbi z’ukwihenda kwabwo. Naho mu bariko barahama ubwoko bw’Imana bibaza ngo bariko barayikorera, ukubikora bibaza ko ari vyo bibereye ntivyatuma badaharurwako igicumuro. Umuco wari kuba wabakingiye ikinyoma, ukababuza gukora amaraso y’inzirakarengane, bari bahisemwo kuwugarariza.IB 167.3

Indahiro yashikirijwe icese yo kurandurana n’imizi Ubugorozi yari imaze kubera muri Katedrale rurangiranwa, Notre Dame. Aho nyene ni ho hafi imyaka 300 yakurikiye imaze kurengana, ikigirwamana c’igitsina kobwa, Raison, cimitswe nk’umwami n’ihanga ryari ryiyobagije Imana nzima. Urundi rugendo rwarongeye rurategurwa, maze abaserukira Ubufaransa bitegura gutangura igikorwa bari bariyemeje kurangura. “Ahantu atari kure y’aho bari bateguye ibishitsi bari kuboherako bamwe mu bakristo b’abaprotestanti kugira ngo babaturire; kandi ibintu vyari vyateguwe ku buryo bahengera umwami ariko araharengana bakabona kubaturira kugira ngo abari mu rugendo bashobore guca bahagarara barorere ako gahabwa.” (Wylie, b. 13, ch. 21) Ido n’ido ry’imibabaro abashingiye intahe Kristo baciyemwo rirasiga ubwenge ku buryo atari icoroshe kurishikiriza; ariko rero nta mwikomo wabonetse ku bariko baratotezwa. Bariko barabaryagagura ngo bisubireko, umwe muri bo yabishuye aya majambo ati: “Ico nemera gusa ni ivyo abahanuzi n’intumwa za mbere bashikirije kandi ni navyo umuryango w’aberanda bose bemera. Ukwizera kwanje gufise ivyizigiro mu Mana ubushobozi bwa Gehinomu butoshobra kunyiganyiza.” (D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 4, ch. 12.)IB 168.1

Urugendo rwarabandanije maze bashikira ikindi kibanza cari categuwe gutuririramwo umuntu bamuhora ukwemera kwiwe. Bamaze kurangura igikorwa cari cabazindukanye, basubiye ku kirimba i bwami. Abantu bari baje gushengerera basubiye iyo bari baje bava, umwami hamwe n’abakuru bo mw’ishengero Gatolika batandukanira aho ariko banezerejwe n’urugendo bahejeje gukora kandi bashima igikorwa cari kimaze gutangura, categerezwa kubandanya kugira ngo imbuto y’Ubugorozi iranduranwe n’imizi.IB 168.2

Ubutumwa bw’amahoro Ubufaransa bwari bwiyamirije bwari bugiye guherengetezwa mu gihugu ariko ingaruka zavyo zari ziremereye. Kw’igenekerezo 21 Nzero, 1793, haheze imyaka 258 ku musi ku musi Ubufaransa bumaze gutoteza abagorozi, urundi rugendo rufise iyindi ntumbero rwarateguwe mu mabarabara y’i Paris. “N’ubu nyene umwami ni we yari kw’isonga ry’urwo rugendo; n’ubu nyene mu bantu harimwo urwamo n’induru; n’ubu nyene harumvikanye amajwi y’abantu bakokeza ngo haseswe amaraso; n’ubu nyene ibishitsi bibura urupfu vyari vyateguwe; kandi n’ubu nyene urwo rugendo rwaherahejwe n’ubwicanyi bw’agahomeramunwa. Umwami Louis wa Cumi na Gatandatu, yariko agerageza kwirwanirira akikijwe n’abari bamuboshe hamwe n’abagomba kumwica; bamushikanye mu kibanza cari categuwe maze bamufatira hasi, gushika aho bazana ishoka bamuca umutwe utembagara abantu babona.’’(-Wylie, b. 13, ch. 21.) Umwami si we wenyene yiciwe aho hantu, hafi abantu ibihumbi bibiri n’amajana umunani bahoneye muri ico kibanza, bishwe banyonzwe muri iyo misi y’intwaro y’iterabwoba.”IB 168.3

Ubugorozi bwari bwasanzuye Bibiliya, igitabo c’Imana, imbere y’isi yose; bwari bwibukije abantu amabwirizwa y’Imana bubereka ko abafiseko ubushobozi. Urukundo rutagira intango n’iherezo rwari rwahishuriye abantu amabwirizwa hamwe n’ingingo nshimikiro z’ijuru. Imana yaravuze iti: “Nuko muze muvyitondere, mubishitse, kukw’ivyo ari vyo bizogaragariza ayandi mahanga ubwenge bwanyu n’ubunyarutsi bwanyu, igihe azokwumva ayo mabwirizwa yose, akavuga, ati Ni Ukuri iri hanga rihambaye ni abantu b’abanyabwenge bafise ubunyarutsi.” (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 4:6) Igihe Ubufaransa bwanka kwakira ingabirano ivuye mw’ijuru, bwari buhejeje guteragira imbuto z’akajagari n'ugusambuka; ivyo vyabushikanye aho bwimbura umugumuko n’intwaro yiterabwoba.IB 168.4

Imbere yuko hakwirakwizwa inzandiko zikamanikwa ku bihome, bikaba vyakururiye abaprotestanti b’ico gihe guhamwa, Farel, yari asanzwe arinduka kandi ari intwari, yari yahavuye ahunga igihugu ciwe. Yaronse ubuhungiro mu Buswise maze yunganira igikorwa Zwingli yari yaratanguje, mu gufasha Ubugorozi kuhagira ijambo. Nubwo yabandanije kuba mu Buswise ariko yakomeje kugira ubwaku ku gikorwa c’Ubugorozi mu Bufaransa. Mu myaka yiwe ya mbere ari mu buhungiro, yumva mu buryo budasanzwe inguvu ziwe yozikoresha yamamaza ubutumwa mu gihugu c’amavukiro. Yamaze umwanya muremure asigurira abo basangiye igihugu baba ku mupaka. Aho ni ho atigera arambirwa mu gukurikirana ingorane abagorozi bariko baracamwo kandi akabafashisha amajambo yo kubaremesha hamwe n’izindi mpanuro. Bafatanije n’abandi bantu bari barahunze, ivyandiko vy’abagorozi b’Abadagi babihinduye mu gifaransa, maze hamwe na Bibliliya barabigwiza bakoresheje icapiro. Abavugisha ubutumwa ibitabo bagivurishije ku bwinshi mu Bufaransa. Abo bakozi babifata ku giciro gitoya maze inyungu baronsemwo ikabatera umwete wo kubandanya bakora ico gikorwa.IB 169.1

Farel yatanguye igikorwa ciwe mu Buswise nk’umwigisha w'abana aciye bugufi. Ico gikorwa yagitanguriye muri Paruwasi imwe yari ahantu hagoye gushika. I ruhande y’ivyigwa vy’ubumenyi yigisha abana, yaranababwira mu bukerebutsi bwinshi ukuri kwa Bibiliya, afise ivyizigiro yuko aciye ku bana bizomufasha gushikira abavyeyi. Hariho bamwe bahavuye bemera, ariko abapatiri baciye baza barahagarika ico gikorwa maze abanyagihugu bari bamenyereye kwemera ibintazi bahagurukira kukiburabuza. “Ubu ntibushobora kuba ubutumwa bwa Kristo”, ni ko abapatiri bavuze, “kuko insiguro yabwo itazana amahoro, ahubwo izana intambara.” (-Wylie, b. 14, ch. 3.) Iyo bahamwa mu gisagara kimwe baca bimukira mu kindi gisagara nk’uko vyashikiye abigishwa ba mbere. Ava mu kigwati aja mu kindi, ava mu gisagara aja mu kindi, yama yahazungurutse ku maguru; agahangana n’inzara, n’igikonyozi,n’uburuhe kandi aho hose ubuzima bwiwe bwama bubangamiwe. Yarasiguriye mu bibanza abantu bakoraniramwo, mw’isoko, mu nsengero, rimwe na rimwe no ku ruhimbi rw’amakatedrale. Hari igihe yasanga mu rusengero ata bantu baje kwumviriza; ikindi gihe naco ugasanga ariko arasigura baramuciriyemwo bavuza akaruru canke bamutwega, bagaca bamuhindana ishavu ryinshi bamukura kuri alutari. Igihe atari kimwe, abantu bameze nk'abariye karungu baramukubaguye, baramukubita, bamusiga ari indembe. Ariko ivyo ntivyigeze bimuca intege. N’aho kenshi bamusubiza inyuma, ntiyaca arekerana; yarabandanya akinanata akongera akagerageza; hanyuma abona ibisagara bikuru na bito vyari vyarabaye ibirindiro vy’ubupapa bitanguye kwemera ko ubutumwa bwiza buharonka ikibanza. Na ya Paruwasi ntoya hamwe yari yatanguriye gukora, nayo nyene yarakiriye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi. Ibisagara vya Morat hamwe na Neuchatel navyo nyene vyarahevye imigenzo yishengero ry’i Roma maze bikura mu nsengero amashusho y’ibigirwamana yariyo.IB 169.2

Farel yari yarondeye kuva kera gushinga ibendera ry’ubuprotestanti mu gisagara c’i Geneve. Iyo ico gisagara gishikirwa n’ubutumwa bwiza, can guca gihinduka isoko ry’Ubugorozi mu Bufaransa, mu Buswise no mu Butaliyano. Afise iyo ntumbero imbere yiwe, yabandanije umugambi yari yihaye gushika aho ibisagara n’ibigwati bimukikije vyashikiwe n’ubutumwa bwiza. Mu nyuma aherekejwe n’umuntu asanzwe, Antoine Saunier, yarinjiye mu gisgara c’i Geneve. Ariko bamwemereye gusa kuhasigura kabiri. Abapatiri bari bagerageje kuremera ubutegetsi ngo bumucire urubanza ariko bibata ku w’amazi; baciye bamutegeka kwitaba inama yo mu rwego rw’Ishengero. Bayijemwo bambariye ku birwanisho bafise umugambi wo kumuzimanganiriza ubuzima. Hanze y’icumba c’inama hari hakoranye abantu ishavu riniga, bafise amahiri n’inkota, biteguye kumuhohosha hamwe vyoba bishitse agashobora guhunga agasohoka mu nama. Ariko kuba hariho abatware mu gihugu hamwe n’abasoda, vyarakingiye ubuzima bwiwe. Bukeye bw’aho hakiri kare cane, baramuherekeje ari kumwe n’umugenzi wiwe, bamujabukana ikiyaga, bamushikana ahantu umutekano wiwe utari ubangamiwe. Uko ni ko ishaka yari afise ubwa mbere na mbere ryo kuvuga ubutumwa i Geneve ryahagaze.IB 169.3

Ku ncuro igira kabiri, igikoresho kibayabaye ni co bahisemwo gucako: umuntu w’umuyabaga, biboneka ko asanzwe kandi aciye bugufi ku buryo n’abakiriye Ubugorozi bari kugira amakenga mu kumwakira. Ariko umuntu nk’uyo yari gushobora gukora iki aho Farel yari yarananijwe? Umuntu w’ishaka ribayabaye kandi atarabona vyinshi yari gushobora gute guhangana n’igihuhusi, aho abantu bakomeye batari bashoboye kurinda, ahubwo vyari vyabaye ngombwa ko bakinjura? “Si kubw’inkomezi, si kubw’ubushobozi, ariko ni kubwa Mpwemu wanje” (Zakariya 4:6), ni ko Uhoraho nyene ingabo agize. “Ariko Imana yatoranije ibipfu vyo mw’isi ngw’imaramaze abanyabwenge.” “Kuk’ubupfu bw’Imana burusha abantu ubwenge; kandi n’intege nke z’Imana zirusha abantu inkomezi.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 1:27,25)IB 170.1

Froment, ryari izina ry’uwo musore - yatanguye nawe igikorwa ciwe nk’umwigisha. Ukuri yigisha abana kw’ishure bagera i muhira bakakubwira abavyeyi. Bidatevye abavyeyi batanguye kwumva insiguro ya Bibiliya gushika aho ishure Froment yigishirizamwo ryuzuramwo abantu baje kumwumviriza. Ibitabo vy’Isezerano risha hamwe n’izindi nyandiko vyaratangirwa ubuntu maze birashikira abantu benshi batari bahirahiye ngo baze icese kwumviriza izo nyigisho nshasha. Haheze igihe, uyu mukozi nawe nyene vyabaye ngomba ko anyaga amagara ariko ukuri yari yamaze kwigisha kwari kwamaze gushinga imizi mu bwenge bw’abantu. Imbuto y’Ubugorozi yari yamaze kubibwa, kandi yariko ibandanya gutsimbatara no gusagarara. Abasiguzi barongeye baragenda, ariko kubwo igikorwa cabo, ubuprotestanti impera n’imperuka bwarahawe ikibanza mu gisagara c’i Geneve.IB 170.2

Ico gisagara cari camaze kwerekana ko gihengamiye ku bugorozi, aho Calvin, inyuma y’ingendo n’ingorane atari zike yari yagerageje, yashobora kucinjiramwo. Agarautse ubwa nyuma ku mavuko, yari mu nzira ariko araja i Bale, aho yasanga ibarabara rirashe yari kunyuramwo riri mu maboko Charles wa Gatanu. Vyabaye ngombwa ko akoresha izindi nzira, arakikuza kugira ashike i Geneve.IB 170.3

Mu rugendo yagize i Geneve, Farel yahabonye ukuboko kw’Imana. Nubwo ico gisagara cari caramaze guha ikaze inyigisho z’ubugorozi, hari hagisigaye igikorwa gihambaye co kuharangurira. Abantu ntibahindukira ngo baze ku Mana bari mu migwi, umuntu wese yihana ku giti ciwe, maze akaza ku Mana. Igikorwa co kunagura gitegerezwa gushikanwa mu mitima no mu bwenge n’ubushobozi bwa Mpwemu Yera; ingingo zifatiwe mu manama nta bushobozi zigifiseko. Naho abantu b’i Geneve bari bavavanuye n’ubutegetsi bw’ishengero ry’i Roma, ariko ntibari bwitegure kwitandukanya n’imigenzo mibi yari yarahashinze imizi Ishengero ry’i Roma rikihagaba rikahaganza. Gushinga muri ico gisagara ingingo ngenderwako z’ubutumwa bwiza, hamwe no gutegura abantu baho bakarangurana iteka amabanga vyaboneka ko ijuru ryabahamagariye, ntivyari ibikorwa vyoroshe.IB 170.4

Farel yari afise ivyizigiro ko Calvin ari umuntu bazofashanya igikorwa mu bumwe. Yisunze izina ry’Imana, yasavye ashimitse uwo muvugabutumwa yari akiri muto kuguma ng’aho agakora. Calvin vyamuteye ubwoba aratenyenya. Kuko yari asanzwe ari umuntu ahoze, w’umunyamahoro, yaradidaniwe n’ukuntu yokorana n'abantu b’i Geneve, barangwa n'agatima ko kudahesha, kwidegemvya mbere no gukoresha inguvu. Intege nke yari afise kubwo amagara yiwe hamwe no kuba arangwa n’ishaka ryo gusoma ibitabo yiyigisha, vyatumye arondera ahantu yoba ariherereye. Kubera ko yizera ko akoresheje inzandiko ariho ashobora kwunganira gusumvya Ubugorozi, yipfuje ko yoronka ahantu hiherereye homufasha kwiyigisha, maze akoresheje amacapiro y’ibitabo akubaka kandi akigisha amashengero. Ariko rero yakiriye impanuro za Farel nk’uko zoba zivuye mw’ijuru, ntiyahirahira ngo azanke. Nk’uko yavyivugiye we ubwiwe, yabibonye nk’ “uko ukuboko kw’Imana kwoba kwaramvuwe kuvuye mw’ijuru, kukamurambikwako, maze kukamushoboza kugerera mu kibanza yari asanzwe abona ko yatevye kuvamwo.” ( DAubigne, Flistory of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 9, ch. 17)IB 171.1

Muri ico gihe, ubuprotestanti bwari bugeramiwe. Imivumo ya Papa yasana nk’inkuba hejuru y’igisagara ca Geneve kandi ibihugu bikomeye vyari vyahize kugisambura. None iki gisagara gito cari kuhangana gute n’uburongozi bw’ijunja rikomeye bwaremereye kenshi abami n’abami b'abami bagaca bugufi, bagakoma amashi? Cari guhangana gute n’ingabo z’intwari zikomeye z’iyi si zabaye rurangiranwa zigatsinda intambara?IB 171.2

Ahantu hose bari barakiriye inyigisho z’Ubugorozi, ubuprotestanti bwari bugeramiwe n’abansi bakomeye. Intsinzi za mbere z’Ubugorozi zimaze kurengana, Ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma ryarisuganije, ryongereza inguvu, rifise ivyizigiro vyo gusambura ubudasubirwako Ubugorozi. Muri ico gihe, umuryango w’ingendanyi za Yesu wari umaze gutunganywa. Ni wo muryango waranzwe n’ubugizi bwa nabi gusumvya iyindi, utagira ico wibanga kandi wari uteye ubwoba mu miryango yose yashigikira ubupapa. Uwo muryango ntaco wari uhuriyeko n’uburenganzira bw’abantu canke ivy’imibano hano kw’isi; wari ruburakigongwe, ivyo guha agaciro ivyiyumviro canke ico umutimanama ukurongoyeko nta kibanza vyari bifise. Nta tegeko na rimwe wubahiriza, nta gushikirana na kumwe wagira uretse ivyo wo ubwawo witegetse; nta gikorwa warangura uretse ico gutsimbataza no kwagura ubushobozi bwawo. Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo bwari bwashoboje ababwemeye guhangana n’ingorane no kwihanganira imibabaro, kugeramirwa n’imbeho, inzara, uburuhe hamwe n’ubukene; kudugiriza ibendera ry’ukuri imbere y’imashini inyonga abantu, ibohero hamwe n’ibishitsi bababoherako bakabaturira. Kugira ngo izo ntwari z’inshirwarimenetse bazirwanye, ingendanyi za Kristo zahaye abayoboke bazo iciyumviro c’uko bakwiriye gushigikira ibintu hatabanje kubaho kurimbura kugira ngo ivyo bibashoboze kwihanganira ingorane, no gukoresha ibikoresho vyose bishobotse vy’ikinyoma kugira ngo bahangane n’ubushobozi bw’ukuri. Nta kibi kibishe babona ko kirengeye ku buryo batogikora; nta kinyoma batari bashoboye kuvuga; nta kwiyorobeka kwari kugoye kuri bo ku buryo batari kukwubahuka! Kubera yuko baragana kuzokwama ari aboro kandi bicisha bugufi, ico bashira imbere gusumvya ibindi kwari kurondera ubutunzi n’ubushobozi kugira ngo bibashoboze kwihebera kurwanya ubuprotestanti maze basubire batsimbataze ubutware bw’ubupapa.IB 171.3

Nk’abanyamuryango, baseruka bafise umwambaro w’ubweranda, bakagendera amabohero hamwe n’ibitaro, bagafasha abarwaye hamwe n’abakene, bakamenyesha yuko bahevye ivy’isi kandi ko bambaye izina riruta ayandi rya Yesu yagendagenda hirya no hino akora ivyiza. Ariko rero ukwo kuntu baboneka mu maso y’abantu nk’abatagira agasembwa kwari gutwikiriye imigambi y’ubugizi bwa nabi buhambaye n’ubwicanyi bari bakenyereyeko. Uwo muryango wari ufise ingingo ntabanduka ngenderwako wubahiriza: ico umuntu ashitseko ico ari co cose ni co cokwitwararika kuruta ingene wagishitseko. Kubw’iyo ngingo ngenderwako, ukubesha, ukwiba, ukwirahuruza hamwe n’ukwica ntivyaharirvva vyonyene ahubwo vyaranashimwa, mu gihe vyaba bikozwe ku nyungu z’lshengero. Bakoresheje ukwiyorobeka gutandukanye, ingendanyi za Yesu zarashoboye gushingwa amabanga akomeye mu gihugu, zishirwa mu bibanza vyo hejuru gushika n’aho baba abahanuzi b’umwami, mbere banagira uruhara mu gutunganya amategeko y’ibihugu. Bahindutse nk'abasuku ariko bakora nk’ abatasi b’abarongozi babo. Barashinze amashure agenewe abana b’abaganwa n’abana b'abami; n’abantu basanzwe barabubakira amashure yo kurugero rwabo; ukwo ni ko abana b'abaprotestanti bakwegewe mu kamenyero k’imigenzo ya Papa. Ivyo bakora vyose vyerekana kandi bigashigikira uburyo bwo gusenga bw’Ishengero ry’i Roma vyari bigendereye gutesha umutwe abantu, kubasamaza no kubakwegakwega; kandi kubera ivyo, vyarashika abana bagahemuka ku kwizera abavyeyi babo baba baracumukuriye. Ingendanyi za Kristo zarakwiragiye vuba na vuba mu Buraya bwose, kandi aho hose bashikana amaguru, haca haba umuvyuro ku bupapa.IB 172.1

Kugira ngo batsimbataze ubushobozi bari bafise, Papa yarasohoye itegeko ryo gusubizaho ya masentare yishengero. Hatabanje kurabwa ingene urwo rwego rwari ruteye ubwoba mbere no mu bihugu vy’abagatolika, abarongozi b’ubupapa bongeye gushinga iyo sentare yo guhonya abantu, kandi amarorerwa adasanzwe atashobora gukorwa izuba ryaka yama yabereye mw’ibanga, `mu mabohero. Mu bihugu vyinshi, abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baboneka mu bandi, abantu b’intore n’akaranga, abanyabwenge n’abantu baminuje, abapasitori bitanga kandi bakunda ivyimana, abanyagihugu b’abakozi kandi bakunda igihugu cabo, incabwenge zo muri za kaminuza, abanyamyuga badasanzwe, abanyatugenegene bafise impano zidasanzwe, baricwa canke bakomorwa kugira ngo bahunge igihugu cabo.IB 172.2

Ubwo ni bwo buryo Ishengero ry’i Roma ryakoresheje kugira ngo rizimye umuco wari wazanywe n’Ubugorozi, rikure Bibiliya mu minwe y’abantu, maze ubujuju hamwe no kwemera ibintazi vyo mu bihe vy’umwiza vyongere gushinga imizi. Ariko musi y’imigisha yimana hamwe n’ibikorwa vy’abantu b’intoranywa bahagurukijwe nimana ngo basubirire Luther, ubuprotestanti ntibwasambuwe. Inguvu zabwo ntizari zubakiye kukurabwa ryiza n’abaganwa canke gukoresha ibirwanisho vyabo. Igihugu gitoya mu bindi vyose, igihugu giciye bugufi kandi kiri mu bidakomeye mu mahanga yose ni co cabubereye uruhome rw’intamenwa. lgisagara ca Geneve, hagati y’abansi bakomeye bama bakigiriye umugambi wo kugisambura; igihugu ca Hollande ku nkengera y’ikiyaga co mu buraruko cama kiri mu miniho kubera ubutware bw’umukazo bwa Espanye, bwari ubwami buhambaye kandi butunze bw’ico gihe; igihugu ca Suede c’imbeho kandi gifise isi itamera, ni vyo vyatumye Ubugorozi buronka intsinzi.IB 172.3

Calvin yakoreye i Geneve hafi y’imyaka mirongo itatu; icamuraje ishinga ubwa mbere kwari ugutanguza ishengero riha agaciro inyigisho za Bibiliya, hanyuma rero ubugorozi bukabona gutezwa imbere bugashika mu bihugu vyose vy’i Buraya. Igikorwa yakoze nk’umurongozi nticari kibuze ico umuntu yokinegura kandi n’inyigisho yashikiriza ntizari zibuze amahinyu. Ariko rero yabaye igikoresho kidasanzwe mu gucira ukuri inzira kukaja ahabona, ko ari ukw’agaciro kadasanzwe mu gihe ciwe; mu kubungabunga inyigisho z’ubuprotestanti zari zibangamiwe n’iryo vyukirana ry’ubupapa ryarushirizaho kunyaruka; mu gutsimbataza mu buzima busanzwe kandi butagira umugayo amashengero yemera inyigisho z’Ubugorozi mu kibanza c’ubwibone n’ububegito vyashirwa imbere n'Ishengero ry’i Roma.IB 173.1

Ibitabo hamwe n’abigisha bo gutsimbataza inyigisho z’Ubugorozi vyararungikwa mu bindi bihugu bivuye i Geneve. Kuko, igihe cari cashitse ko abariko barahamwa mu bihugu vyose barondera inyigisho, impanuro hamwe n’indemesho. lgisagara ca Calvin cahindutse ubuhungiro ku bagorozi bose b’i Buraya bw’i Burengerazuba bariko barahirwa buhongo. Kubwo kunyaga amagara imbere y’igihuhusi c’agahamo camaze imyaka amajana n’ayandi, ababa bacitse kw’icumu baratumbereye amarembo y’i Geneve. Bishwe n’inzara, bafise inguma, bahebeshejwe imiryango hamwe n’ingo zabo, barakiranwa igishika kandi bakabafasha n’impuhwe nyinshi. I Geneve habahindukira i muhira i wabo, maze ico gisagara cabakiriye bakagihezagiza ubuhinga bwabo, ubumenyi hamwe no gukunda Imana kwabo. Benshi mu bari baronse ubuhungiro i Geneve barasubiye mu bihugu bari baje bavamwo kugira ngo bahangane n’ubutware bw’umukazo bw’ishengero Gatolika ry’i Roma. John Knox, intwari y’umugorozi muri Scotland; abongereza atari bake bo mu rwego rw’aba “puritani”; abaprotestanti bo mu Buhollande na Espanye, hamwe n’aba “Huguenots” bo mu Bufaransa barahuye mu Buswise urumuri rw’umuco wo kumurikira umwiza w’umuzitanya wan ukiri mu bihugu vyabo vy’amavuko.IB 173.2