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The Conditionalist Faith of Our Fathers, vol. 1

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    PART I (Chapters 1-10)

    Old Testament Evidence
    1. Conditionalism Versus Immortal Soulism 17
       I. Purpose and Scope of This Vital Quest 17
          1. Fundamental Questions That Demand an Answer 17
          2. Sole Source of Reliable Information 18
          3. Author’s Personal Declaration of Faith 18
          4. Scope of the Ground Covered 19
          5. Basic Definition of Conditionalism 19
       II. Consistency and Obvious Soundness of Conditionalism 20
          1. Adam’s Potential for Immortality Was Conditional 20
          2. Conditionalism Harmonizes Divine Goodness With Human Freedom 21
          3. Conditionalism Attested Biblically, Logically, Historically 22
       III. Eternal Torment Involves Pagan “Dualism” Postulate 23
    2. Man Created in the Image of God 29
       I. Introductory Survey of Record of Creation 29
       II. Creation in “Image of God” Not a Valid Argument 31
          1. “Image of God” Does Not Connote “Immortality” for Man 31
          2. No Valid Reason for Singling Out Immortality 32
          3. Fundamental Fallacy Revealed by Parallel Syllogisms 33
       III. “Living Soul” Does Not Connote Immortality 34
          1. Living Soul Not a Separate Entity 34
          2. Innate Deathlessness Not Part of Original Endowment 35
       IV. “Breath of Life” Equated With “Spirit” and “Spirit of God” 36
          1. “Breath”—“Breath of God”—“Spirit”—“Spirit of God” 36
          2. “Breath of Life,” “Spirit of Life”—Same Principle of Life 36
          3. “Spirit,” or “Breath, Never Identified With Soul 37
          4. Possessors of “Breath of Life” Subject to Death 38
       V. Clarifying Distinctions Between Soul and Spirit 38
          1. “Soul” Dependent Upon Presence of “Spirit” 39
          2. Spirit and Soul Have Series of Contrasts 39
          3. “Spirit” Returns to God Who “Gave It” 40
          4. To “Save a Soul” Is to Save a Man 40
          5. Biblical Portrayal of Death 40
    3. Prohibition, Probation, Temptation, and Fall 42
       I. One Prohibition Placed Upon Man in Eden 42
       II. Freedom of Will, Is Moral Accountability 44
          1. Freedom of Will Is Essence of Being 44
          2. Endless Defiance Would Thwart God 45
          3. Ultimate Destruction for Incorrigible Defiance 46
       III. Temptation at Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil 47
       IV. Satan Himself the Undercover Tempter in Eden 48
       V. Lucifer’s Rebellion in Heaven Transferred to Earth 50
          1. Pride and Jealousy Fomented Rebellion in Heaven 50
          2. Eden Becomes the New Battleground 51
          3. Lucifer: Highest Angel Becomes Lowest Devil 52
          4. Satan’s Dual Lie Had But Single Point 54
       VI. Essence of Fall Was Believing Satan’s Lie 55
    4. The Gospel of Genesis 3:15 Proclaimed 57
       I. The Doom of Death and the Hope of Life 57
          1. The Terrors of Disobedience 57
          2. The First Glimmer of Hope 58
       II. Glorious Gospel Provisions Begin at Gates of Eden 59
          1. Becomes Father of Race Under New Probation 60
          2. Tree of Calvary Becomes Third Tree of Eden 60
          3. Placed on Probation, Given Second Chance 61
       III. Promised Seed Is Master Key to Atonement Mysteries 61
          1. “Highway of the Seed” Begins 62
          2. Conflict of the Ages Begins 62
          3. Personal Application of the Fall to Us 62
       IV. “Coats of Skins” Typified Righteousness of Christ 63
          1. Divine Propitiation Provided 63
          2. Deeper Mysteries of Atonement Enfolded 64
       V. Christ’s Central Place in Gospel of Eden 64
          1. Becomes Son of Man to Restore Lost Man 64
          2. Assumes His True and Central Place 66
          3. Processes and Provisions of Redemption and Restoration 67
          4. Enabling Provisions of Redemption 68
    5. The Penalty of Death for Disobedience 69
       I. A Second Chance Provided for the Sinner 69
          1. A Reprieve Granted Adam and Eve 69
          2. Significance of Probation for Race 71
       II. Adam Died Judicially cm Day of Transgression 71
          1. Rhetorical Figure of Prolepsis Employed 72
          2. Other Instances Are Not Misunderstood 72
          3. Sands in Time’s Hourglass Begin Falling 73
          4. Finality of Death Imposed Not Specified 73
       III. Encompassing Involvements of Death Penalty 73
          1. “Death” Embraces Total Punishment for Sin 74
          2. Justice Requires Penalty Be Understood 74
          3. “Second Death” Completes the Death Penalty 75
          4. “Second Death” Is Loss of Life, Not Continuance 76
          5. Doom Applies to Man as a Whole 77
       IV. Supreme Argument Against Eternal Torment 77
          1. Death Penalty Steins From Law and Authority 77
          2. Question Settled at Highest Level 78
       V. Sleep the Beautiful Euphemism for Death 79
          1. First a Sleep, With Resurrection Awakening 79
          2. Implications of the Metaphor of Sleep 79
          3. Time Obliterated to the Sleeper 80
          4. “Sleep” Is Undeviating Synonym for “Death” 80
    6. Redemption in the Period of the Sacrificial Altar 83
       I. Cain and Abel Tested by Sacrificial Offering System 83
          1. Fatal Lack in Cain’s Bloodless Offering 85
          2. Larger Involvements of Sin, Death, and Salvation 86
       II. Unfolding Portrayal to Abraham Included Resurrection 87
          1. Abraham’s Test of Faith in Gospel Provision 88
          2. Provision of Resurrection Recognized by Patriarchs 89
          3. Only the Dawn; Not Yet the Noontide 90
       III. Two Ways to Glory—Translation and Resurrection 92
          1. Enoch and Elijah Translated Without Dying 93
          2. Moses’ Resurrection: First to Break Bonds of Death 94
       IV. Annual Round of Tabernacle Services Typified Gospel Realities 95
          1. Yearly Enactment of Plan of Redemption 96
          2. Justice and Mercy Met in Type at the Ark 97
          3. Sin and Righteousness, Death and Life, Portrayed 97
          4. Penal Punishment Death Not Life Imprisonment 98
          5. Sinner Incurred Doom of Death 99
          6. Entire Sacrificial System Fulfilled in Christ 99
          7. Christ Actually and Truly Died in Atonement 100
          8. Death Penalty Under the Divine Law 101
       V. Christ, Prophesied First Fruits, Rose on Precise Day 101
          1. First Fruits a Fixed Part of Annual Service 102
          2. “Every Man in His Own Order” 102
          3. First Fruits Resurrection Fulfilled on Very Day of Type 103
    7. Eternal Destruction Is Decreed Doom of Wicked 105
       I. Utter Destruction Ultimate Fate of Intractably Wicked 105
          1. Scores of Old Testament Verbs Signify “Destroy” 106
          2. Imposing Array of Literal English Equivalents 106
          3. Galaxy of Figurative Expressions Support the Literal 107
          4. Iterated and Reiterated in Key Chapters 107
       II. Multiple Terms Signify Complete Destruction of Being 108
       III. Eternal Torment No Part of Death Penalty 111
          1. Torture No Part of Jewish Sacrificial Rite 112
          2. Torture No Part of Mosaic Penal Code 112
       IV. Eternal Destiny Revolves Around Intent of “Life” and “Death” 113
          1. Life and Death—Keys That Unlock Inspired Intent 113
          2. Platonic Perversion of Death as Perpetual Life 113
          3. Innate-Immortality Postulate Reverses True Exegesis 114
          4. Christ’s Death, Not Sufferings, Constituted Atoning Sacrifice 114
          5. Destruction Not Eternal Torment the Punishment 115
       V. Stock Objections Invoked Collapse Under Scrutiny 115
          1. Isaiah 33:14—Contention Collapses Under Scrutiny 115
          2. Isaiah 66:24—Carcasses, Undying Worm, Unquenchable Fire 117
          3. Deprived of Life, Not Consigned to Misery 119
          4. Daniel 12:2—Resurrections to Life and to Judgment 120
          5. Conclusion: Contentions of Three Citations Collapse 120
    8. Prophetic Witness Concerning the “Last Things” 122
       I. The Two Advents Focal Points of All Prophecy 122
          1. Master Key to Man’s Destiny 122
          2. Issues of Time and Eternity 122
          3. Key to Divine Movements of the Ages 123
          4. Only True Philosophy of History 123
       II. Outline Prophecies Mark Out Highway of the Centuries 125
          1. Continuity, Comprehensiveness, and Repetition 125
          2. Destiny of World Powers of History Portrayed 126
          3. Course of Empire Gives Way to God’s Kingdom 127
          4. Now Living in “Time of End” 127
          5. Sublimity of Revelation Surpasses Human Comprehension 128
       III. Significance of “Day of Lord” and Cognate Terms 131
          1. Transcendent “Day of the Lord” 131
          2. Second Advent to Terminate “Latter Days” 131
          3. Resurrection Is Climactic Feature of Advent 132
          4. Eternal Restoration Is Reward of Righteous 134
          5. Wicked to Receive Punitive Destruction 134
       IV. Solemn Procession of Prophetic Witnesses Testify 135
          1. Panoramic Survey of Old Testament Witnesses 135
          2. Constant Succession of Eschatological Glimpses 136
       V. Isaiah—Star Witness on Inspiration’s Witness Stand 138
       VI. Major Results Spring From “Day of the Lord” 140
          1. Scenes of Judgment Dominate Closing Portrayal 140
          2. New Earth Becomes Eternal Home of Redeemed 141
          3. Obliteration of Sin Eventuates in Clean Universe 142
          4. Resurrection and Millennium Clarified in New Testament 142
          5. Barren Condition of Earth During Millennium 143
    9. Technical Terms and Usages Preclude Innate Immortality 145
       I. Must Understand Key Old Testament Terms Through Usage 145
       II. Meaning of Nephesh in the Hebrew of the Old Testament 146
          1. “Nephesh” Has Several Common Meanings 146
          2. A General Definition of Nephesh 147
          3. Basic Idea That of Individual Himself 147
       III. Nephesh as Translated in the English Versions 148
          1. English Translation Reveals Significant Facts 148
          2. Interesting Variations in R.S.V 150
          3. Problems Confront the Translators 150
          4. Three Clear Conclusions Concerning “Nephesh” 151
       IV. “Ruach” and “Neshamah” Have a Variety of Meanings 152
          1. Context Must Indicate Best Translation 152
          2. “Neshamah” and “Ruach” in Poetic Parallelism 153
          3. The Life, Principle That God Imparts 154
          4. “Ruach” Has No Separate Conscious Existence 155
       V. Relation of “Spirit” or “Breath” to Life and Death 155
          1. “Breath of Life” and “Spirit of God” the Cause of Life 155
          2. Spirit Distinct From Life It Produces 156
          3. Restoration of Spirit at Resurrection 157
       VI. Fundamental Distinction Between Man and Beast 158
          1. Immortality Not Conferred by Inbreathed “Breath” 158
          2. Totally Different From Brute Creation 158
    10. Weak Arguments Formulate Unworthy Platform 160
       I. “She’ol’s” Most Suitable Rendering Is “Gravedom” 160
          1. Difficulty Created by Variant Translations 160
          2. “Hell” a Wholly Unsuitable Translation 161
          3. “Gravedom”—Most Suitable Rendering for “She’ol” 162
          4. Suspension of Life in “She’ol” Awaiting Resurrection 162
          5. Darkness of “She’ol” Dissipated by Light of Resurrection 163
          6. “She’ol“: Place of Death, Not Life 164
          7. “She’ol” and “Death” Are Frequently Synonymous 164
       II. Origin of “Gehenna” (Ge Hinnom) Symbol of Final Destruction 165
          1. Historical Background of “Gehenna” 165
          2. Associated With Upsurge of Necromancy 166
          3. Josiah Transforms Valley Into Refuse Pit 167
       III. Three Supporting Citations Break Down Under Scrutiny 168
          1. Recourse to Weak Arguments an Unworthy Procedure 168
          2. Jonah Not Dead: So Case Is Dismissed 169
       IV. Isaiah’s Parabolic Taunting Ode on King of Babylon 170
          1. Personified Trees Rejoice Over Fallen Monarch 171
          2. Paths of Glory Lead but to Grave 172
       V. Ezekiel’s Parabolic Dirge Over Pharaoh of Egypt 172
          1. “She’ol” Contrasted With State of Living 173
          2. Parabolic Scourge Not Construed Literally 173
       VI. Saul Deceived by Necromancy of Medium of Endor 174
          1. Evil Spirits Personating the Dead 175
          2. Saul’s Recourse to Forbidden Craft of Necromancy 176
          3. Saul Deceived; Slain for His Transgressions 177
          4. Crux of the Whole Portrayal 177
          5. Cruel Hoax and Its Modern Counterpart 179
          6. Grandeur of God’s Wondrous Provision 179
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