insectivorous (adj.) — institutional (adj.)
1610s; see insect + -vorous "eating, devouring." The mammalian class of Insectivora is from 1821; insectivore (n.) is from 1858 (both are earlier in French).ETD insectivorous (adj.).2
1640s, "unsafe," also "not fully assured, not free from fear or doubt," from Medieval Latin insecurus, from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + Latin securus (see secure (adj.)). Psychological sense dates from 1935. (insecurity in the psychological sense dates from 1917.) Related: Insecurely.ETD insecure (adj.).2
1640s, "state of being unsafe," also "lack of assurance or confidence, apprehension," from Medieval Latin insecuritas, from insecurus (see insecure). Specific psychological sense is by 1917.ETD insecurity (n.).2
1620s, "to cast as seed," from inseminatus, past participle of Latin inseminare "to sow, implant," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + semen (genitive semenis) "seed" (from PIE root *sē- "to sow"). Meaning "to impregnate with semen" is attested from 1897.ETD inseminate (v.).2
Related: Inseminated; inseminating.ETD inseminate (v.).3
1650s, "action of sowing," noun of action from inseminate. Meaning "infusion of semen" is from 1854.ETD insemination (n.).2
c. 1400, "lacking the power to feel with the senses, numb, dazed" (now rare in this meaning), from Late Latin insensibilis "that cannot be felt," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + sensibilis "having feeling: perceptible by the senses" (see sensible). Meaning "void of feeling, not susceptible to emotion or passion" is from 1610s. Meaning "incapable of being felt or perceived by the senses or the mind, so small or slight as to be imperceptible" is from late 14c. Compare insensate.ETD insensible (adj.).2
1510s, "lacking or deprived of physical senses," from Late Latin insensatus "irrational, foolish," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + sensatus "gifted with sense" (see sensate).ETD insensate (adj.).2
Meaning "irrational, maniacal, lacking or deprived of mental sense" is from 1520s; meaning "lacking or deprived of moral sense, unfeeling" is from 1550s. Insensate means "not capable of feeling sensation," often "inanimate;" insensible means "lacking the power to feel with the senses," hence, often, "unconscious;" insensitive means "having little or no reaction to what is perceived by one's senses," often "tactless." Related: Insensately; insensateness.ETD insensate (adj.).3
"teach, instruct, cause (someone) to understand," c. 1400, ensense, from Old French ensenser "to enlighten, to bring to sense," from en- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + sens (see sense (n.)). "From 17th c. app. only dialectal (chiefly northern), or in writers under dialectal influence" [OED].ETD insense (v.).2
"so as not to be felt or perceived," early 15c.; see insensible + -ly (2).ETD insensibly (adv.).2
late 14c., "absence of physical sensation, numbness," from Late Latin insensibilitas, from insensibilis "that cannot be felt" (see insensible). Meaning "quality of being imperceptible" is from 1630s. Meaning "absence of moral feeling, indifference" is from 1690s.ETD insensibility (n.).2
c. 1600, "having little or no reaction to what is perceived by one's senses," from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + sensitive. For sense, see insensate. From 1834 as "having little or no mental or moral sensitiveness;" meaning "without consideration for the feelings of others" attested by 1974. Related: Insensitively.ETD insensitive (adj.).2
"not affecting the senses," 1851, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + sensuous. Related: Insensuously; insensuousness.ETD insensuous (adj.).2
mid-14c., from Latin inseparabilis "that cannot be separated," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + separabilis, from separare "to pull apart" (see separate (v.)). Related: Inseparably.ETD inseparable (adj.).2
1620s, from Late Latin inseparabilitas "inseparableness," from Latin inseparabilis "that cannot be separated," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + separabilis, from separare (see separate (v.)).ETD inseparability (n.).2
"something inserted," 1893, especially a paper, etc., placed in among the pages of a newspaper, magazine, etc., from insert (v.).ETD insert (n.).2
"to set in, put or place in," 1520s, from Latin insertus, past participle of inserere "to graft, implant," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + serere "join together, arrange, put in a row," from PIE root *ser- (2) "to line up." Middle English had inseren "to set in place, to graft, to introduce (into the mind)" (late 14c.), directly from the Latin verb. Related: Inserted; inserting.ETD insert (v.).2
1590s, "act of putting in," from French insertion (16c.) or directly from Late Latin insertionem (nominative insertio) "a putting in," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin inserere "to graft, implant" (see insert (v.)). Meaning "that which is inserted" attested from 1620s.ETD insertion (n.).2
also inservice, 1928, from in (prep.) + service (n.).ETD in-service (adj.).2
1550s, "influx of water; place where water flows in," from in (prep.) + set (n.2). The sense "that which is set in" ("extra pages of a book, etc.," 1871; "small map in the border of a larger one," 1872) probably is a separate formation. In Old English insetan (Old Northumbrian insetta) meant "an institution," literally "a setting in," and perhaps a loan-translation of the source of institution. Similar formation in German einsetzen "to use, employ; institute, begin; install."ETD inset (n.).2
1818, phonological spelling of Arabic in sha Allah "if Allah wills (it)."ETD inshallah (interj.).2
also in-shore, "near the shore," 1701, from in (prep.) + shore (n.). As an adverb from 1737.ETD inshore (adj.).2
"one in possession of special information by virtue of being within some organization," 1848, from inside (n.) + -er (1). Originally in reference to the stock markets.ETD insider (n.).2
late 14c., ynneside "interior part (of the body)," compound of in (prep.) + side (n.). General sense "inner side or part (of anything)" is from c. 1500.ETD inside (n.).2
The adjective sense "being on the inside" is from 1610s, from the noun. It began to be used in slang c. 1900 in reference to the supposed real facts or situation that only an insider would know. Inside man is from 1911 (originally in reference to workers used by management to sniff out union activity); inside job "robbery, espionage, etc., committed by or with the help of a resident or servant of a place" is attested by 1887, American English (also, late 19c., early 20c., "indoors work").ETD inside (n.).3
The figurative inside track "advantage" (1854) however is a metaphor from horse racing (1830); inside lanes are shorter than the outer ones on a curved track. Adverbial use in American English inside of (in reference to time) is from 1839.ETD inside (n.).4
"with the in side being out," c. 1600, from inside (n.) + out (prep.). Reverse in form but identical in sense outside-in is attested by 1771.ETD inside-out (adj.).2
1540s, from French insidieux "insidious" (15c.) or directly from Latin insidiosus "deceitful, cunning, artful, treacherous," from insidiae (plural) "plot, snare, ambush," from insidere "sit on, occupy," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + sedere "to sit," from PIE root *sed- (1) "to sit." Figurative, usually with a suggestion of lying in wait and the intent to entrap. Related: Insidiously; insidiousness.ETD insidious (adj.).2
"with penetrating understanding into character or hidden nature," 1881, from insight + -ful. Some earlier words in the same sense were insighted (c. 1600), inseeing "having insight" (1590s). Related: Insightfully; insightfulness.ETD insightful (adj.).2
c. 1200, innsihht, "sight with the 'eyes' of the mind, mental vision, understanding from within," from in (prep.) + sight (n.). But the meaning often seems to be felt as "sight into" (something else), and so the sense shifted to "penetrating understanding into character or hidden nature" (1580s). Similar formation in Dutch inzigt, German einsicht, Danish indsigt.ETD insight (n.).2
1640s, from Latin insignia, neuter plural of insigne "badge of honor or office, mark, proof, sign, token," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + signum "identifying mark, sign" (see sign (n.)). The classically correct singular is insigne.ETD insignia (n.).2
1690s, from insignificant + -ance. Earlier was insignificancy (1650s).ETD insignificance (n.).2
1650s, "without meaning," also "answering to no purpose," from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + significant. From 1748 as "small in size." Related: Insignificantly.ETD insignificant (adj.).2
1620s (implied in insincerely), from Latin insincerus "spoiled, corrupted; not genuine, not pure, adulterated," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + sincerus "genuine, candid" (see sincere). Related: Insincerely.ETD insincere (adj.).2
1540s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + sincerity, or else from Latin insincerus "not genuine, not pure; spoiled, corrupted" (see insincere).ETD insincerity (n.).2
1520s, "to covertly and subtly introduce into the mind or heart" (trans.), from Latin insinuatus, past participle of insinuare "to thrust in, push in, make a way; creep in, intrude, bring in by windings and curvings, wind one's way into," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + sinuare "to wind, bend, curve," from sinus "a curve, winding" (see sinus).ETD insinuate (v.).2
Intransitive meaning "hint obliquely" is from 1560s. Meaning "maneuver (someone or something) into some desired position or condition" is from 1570s. Physical or literal sense of "to introduce tortuously or indirectly" is from 1640s. Related: Insinuated; insinuating.ETD insinuate (v.).3
"wheedling, ingratiating," 1590s, present-participle adjective from insinuate (v.). Related: Insinuatingly.ETD insinuating (adj.).2
1520s, "act of making an indirect suggestion;" 1530s, "that which is indirectly suggested," from French insinuation (16c.) or directly from Latin insinuationem (nominative insinuatio) "entrance through a narrow way; an ingratiating oneself," noun of action from past-participle stem of insinuare "creep in, intrude, wind one's way into" (see insinuate).ETD insinuation (n.).2
"foolish," mid-15c., from Latin insipientem (nominative insipiens) "unwise, foolish," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + sapientem (see sapient). "Now mostly, or wholly, disused to avoid confusion with incipient" [OED].ETD insipient (adj.).2
early 15c., "lack of wisdom, foolishness," from Old French insipience (15c.) or directly from Latin insipientia "folly, unwisdom," from insipientem "unwise, foolish" (see insipient).ETD insipience (n.).2
c. 1600, from insipid + -ity.ETD insipidity (n.).2
1610s, "without taste or perceptible flavor," from French insipide "insipid" (16c.), from Late Latin inspidus "tasteless," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + Latin sapidus "tasty," from sapere "have a taste" (also "be wise;" see sapient). Figurative meaning "uninteresting, dull" first recorded in English 1640s, probably from Medieval Latin or the Romance languages, where it was a secondary sense.ETD insipid (adj.).2
Related: Insipidly.ETD insipid (adj.).3
mid-15c., "persistence, urgency," from Old French insister "to insist" (14c.) and directly from Latin insistere (see insist) + -ence.ETD insistence (n.).2
1580s, from French insister (14c.) or directly from Latin insistere "take a stand, stand on, stand still; follow, pursue; insist, press vigorously, urge, dwell upon," from in- "upon" (from PIE root *en "in") + sistere "take a stand," from PIE *si-st-, reduplicated form of root *sta- "to stand, make or be firm." Perhaps in some cases a back-formation from insistence. Related: Insisted; insisting.ETD insist (v.).2
1620s, "standing on something," from Latin insistentem (nominative insistens), present participle of insistere "stand on," also "urge, insist," from in- "upon" (from PIE root *en "in") + sistere "take a stand" (see assist (v.)). Meaning "persistent, urgent, demanding attention" is from 1868. Related: Insistently.ETD insistent (adj.).2
1740, Latin, literally "in its (original) place or position," from ablative of situs "site" (see site (n.)).ETD in situ.2
1610s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + sobriety.ETD insobriety (n.).2
1740, from insociable "unsociable" (1580s), from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + sociable.ETD insociability (n.).2
late 14c., from Latin insolentia "unusualness, strangeness; excess, immoderation; haughtiness, arrogance," from insolentem "unusual; arrogant" (see insolent).ETD insolence (n.).2
"inner sole of a shoe or boot," 1838, from in + sole (n.1).ETD insole (n.).2
"exposure to the sun's rays," 1610s, from French insolation (16c.), from Latin insolationem (nominative insolatio), noun of action from past participle stem of insolare "place in the sun, expose to the sun," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + sol "sun" (from PIE root *sawel- "the sun").ETD insolation (n.).2
late 14c., "contemptuous, arrogant, showing haughty disregard of others," from Latin insolentem (nominative insolens) "arrogant, immoderate," also "unaccustomed, unwonted," literally "unusual, unfamiliar," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + solentem, present participle of solere "be accustomed, be used to; cohabit with," from Proto-Italic *sol-e-.ETD insolent (adj.).2
This is of uncertain origin. An old guess connects it to the source of Latin sodalis "close companion," and suescere "become used to," but de Vaan rejects this on phonetic grounds. Another guess connects it to the source of Latin solum "ground," with a possible sense shift from "inhabit" to "be accustomed to." Or it might be from PIE root *sel- (1) "human settlement" (source also of Old Church Slavonic selo "courtyard, village," Russian selo "village," Old English sele, Old High German sal "hall, house"). Meaning "contemptuous of rightful authority" is from 1670s. Related: Insolently.ETD insolent (adj.).3
"expose to the rays of the sun," 1620s, from Latin insolatus, past participle of insolare "place in the sun, expose to the sun," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + sol "sun" (from PIE root *sawel- "the sun"). Related: Insolated; insolating.ETD insolate (v.).2
1754, "incapability of dissolving in a liquid," 1791, from Late Latin insolubilitas, from Latin insolubilis "that cannot be loosened" (see insoluble). Earlier in a sense "that cannot be dissolved" (of marriage), 1610s. The meaning "that cannot be solved" (1722) probably is a separate formation from insoluble.ETD insolubility (n.).2
late 14c., "indestructible, unable to be loosened," also figuratively, of problems, etc., "incapable of being solved or explained," from Old French insoluble or directly from Latin insolubilis "that cannot be loosened," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + solubilis "that can be loosened" (see soluble).ETD insoluble (adj.).2
Meaning "incapable of being dissolved in a liquid" is from 1713.ETD insoluble (adj.).3
1650s, from French insolvable (15c.), from in- "not, opposite of" (from PIE root *en "in") + solvable (see solvable).ETD insolvable (adj.).2
1590s, "unable to pay one's debts," from in- (1) "not" + Latin solventem "paying" (see solvent). Originally of one who was not a trader; only traders could become bankrupt.ETD insolvent (adj.).2
1660s, from insolvent (q.v.) + abstract noun suffix -cy. Insolvence (1793) is rare.ETD insolvency (n.).2
"chronic inability to sleep," 1620s, insomnie, from Latin insomnia "want of sleep, sleeplessness," from insomnis "sleepless," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + somnus "sleep" (from PIE root *swep- "to sleep"). The re-Latinized form is from 1758.ETD insomnia (n.).2
1877 (adj.); 1879 (n.), from insomnia. Earlier was insomnious (1650s).ETD insomniac.2
late 14c. as a phrase; tending to be run together from 16c.; see in (adv.) + so + much, and compare inasmuch.ETD insomuch (adv.).2
1820, from French insouciance "heedless indifference or unconcern," from insouciant "carelessness, thoughtlessness, heedlessness," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + souciant "caring," present participle of soucier "to care," from Latin sollicitare "to agitate" (see solicit).ETD insouciance (n.).2
1828, from French insouciant "careless, thoughtless, heedless," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + souciant "caring," present participle of soucier "to care," from Latin sollicitare "to agitate" (see solicit). Related: Insouciantly.ETD insouciant (adj.).2
late 14c., from Old French inspeccion "inspection, examination" (13c., Modern French inspection), from Latin inspectionem (nominative inspectio) "a looking into," noun of action from past participle stem of inspicere "look at, observe, view; look into, inspect, examine," from in- "into" (from PIE root *en "in") + specere "to look" (from PIE root *spek- "to observe"). Old English used onbesceawung as a loan-translation of Latin inspectio. Related: Inspectional.ETD inspection (n.).2
1620s, from Latin inspectus, past participle of inspicere "look at, observe, view; look into, inspect, examine," from in- "into" (from PIE root *en "in") + specere "to look" (from PIE root *spek- "to observe"). Related: Inspected; inspecting.ETD inspect (v.).2
c. 1600, "overseer, superintendent," from Latin inspector "one who views or observes," agent noun from past participle stem of inspicere "look at, observe, view; look into, inspect, examine," from in- "into" (from PIE root *en "in") + specere "to look" (from PIE root *spek- "to observe"). As a police ranking between sergeant and superintendent, it dates from 1840. Related: Inspectorial (1752). Of the 18c. feminine formations, inspectrix (1703) is earlier than inspectress (1737).ETD inspector (n.).2
1762, "function or office of an inspector," from inspector + -ate (1). From 1853 as "district under the supervision of an inspector."ETD inspectorate (n.).2
c. 1300, "immediate influence of God or a god," especially that under which the holy books were written, from Old French inspiracion "inhaling, breathing in; inspiration" (13c.), from Late Latin inspirationem (nominative inspiratio), noun of action from past-participle stem of Latin inspirare "blow into, breathe upon," figuratively "inspire, excite, inflame," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + spirare "to breathe" (see spirit (n.)). ,ETD inspiration (n.).2
The sense evolution seems to be from "breathe into" to "infuse animation or influence," thus "affect, rouse, guide or control," especially by divine influence. Inspire (v.) in Middle English also was used to mean "breath or put life or spirit into the human body; impart reason to a human soul." Literal sense "act of inhaling" attested in English from 1560s. Meaning "one who inspires others" is attested by 1867.ETD inspiration (n.).3
mid-14c., enspiren, "to fill (the mind, heart, etc., with grace, etc.);" also "to prompt or induce (someone to do something)," from Old French enspirer (13c.), from Latin inspirare "blow into, breathe upon," figuratively "inspire, excite, inflame," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + spirare "to breathe" (see spirit (n.)).ETD inspire (v.).2
The Latin word was used as a loan-translation of Greek pnein in the Bible. General sense of "influence or animate with an idea or purpose" is from late 14c. Also sometimes used in literal sense in Middle English. Related: Inspires; inspiring.ETD inspire (v.).3
c. 1500, agent noun from inspire (v.). The Late Latin form, inspirator, is attested in English in 17c. in the Latin figurative sense but later was used literally as the name of a steam-engine part (1890). Inspirationist is "one who believes in the inspiration of the Scriptures (1846). As a fem. form of inspirer, inspiratrix (1819) has been used.ETD inspirer (n.).2
"tending to inspire," 1878; see inspiration + -al (1). Also "influenced by inspiration" (1839); "pertaining to inspiration" (1888). The adjective was used earlier in spiritualism. Earlier in the sense "tending to inspire" were inspirative (1770), inspiring (1640s).ETD inspirational (adj.).2
c. 1400, "communicated by divine or supernatural powers," past-participle adjective from inspire (v.). From 1660s as "infused with seemingly supernatural influence."ETD inspired (adj.).2
c. 1600, from Medieval Latin inspissationem (nominative inspissatio), noun of action from past participle stem of inspissare, from in- "in, into" (from PIE root *en "in") + Latin spissare "to thicken," related to spissus "thick" (see spissitude).ETD inspissation (n.).2
"make thick or thicker," 1620s, from Late Latin inspissatus, past participle of inspissare, from in- "in, into" (from PIE root *en "in") + Latin spissare "to thicken," related to spissus "thick" (see spissitude). Related: Inspissated; inspissating.ETD inspissate (v.).2
c. 1400, from Latin instabilis "unsteady, not firm, inconstant, fickle," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + stabilis (see stable (adj.)). Now mostly replaced by unstable.ETD instable (adj.).2
early 15c., from Old French instabilité "inconstancy" (15c.) or directly from Latin instabilitatem (nominative instabilitas) "unsteadiness," from instabilis "unsteady, not firm, inconstant, fickle," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + stabilis (see stable (adj.)).ETD instability (n.).2
also instal, formerly also enstall, early 15c., "place in (ecclesiastical) office by seating in an official stall," from Old French installer (14c.) or directly from Medieval Latin installare, from Latin in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + Medieval Latin stallum "stall," from a Germanic source (compare Old High German stal "standing place;" see stall (n.1)). Related: Installed; installing.ETD install (v.).2
also instalment, 1580s, "induction into office, act of installing," from install + -ment.ETD installment (n.2).2
"a partial payment on account of debt due," 1776, earlier "the arrangement of payment" (1732), an alteration of Anglo-French estaler "to fix payments," from Old French estal "fixed position, place; stall of a stable, market, or choir," from a Germanic source akin to Old High German stal "standing place" (see stall (n.1)). The general sense of "a part of a whole, furnished or produced in advance of the rest" is from 1823. Installment plan is from 1894.ETD installment (n.1).2
mid-15c., "action of installing," in reference to church offices or other positions, from Medieval Latin installationem (nominative installatio), noun of action from past participle stem of installare (see install). Of machinery, etc., "act of setting up, a placing in position for use," from 1882.ETD installation (n.).2
1962, proprietary name (reg. Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, New York) for a type of self-loading camera, from instant + automatic.ETD Instamatic.2
late 14c., "urgency, insistence" (a sense now archaic), from Old French instance "effort, application; urgency, eagerness, anxiety" (13c.), from Latin instantia "presence, effort, intention; earnestness, urgency," literally "a standing near," from instans (see instant).ETD instance (n.).2
In logic, "a fact, a case, an example" (a sense in English from early 15c.), from Medieval Latin instantia, which translated Greek enstasis. This led to for instance "as an example" (1650s), and the noun phrase give (someone) a for instance (1953, American English). The general sense "anything that illustrates a general type" was in use by 19c.ETD instance (n.).3
"cite as an instance" (in the logical sense), c. 1600, from instance (n.). Middle English had a verb instauncen "to plead with, urge, entreat." Related: Instanced; instancing.ETD instance (v.).2
mid-15c., "now, present, of the moment, current," from Old French instant "near, imminent, immediate, at hand; urgent, assiduous" (14c.) and directly from Medieval Latin instantem (nominative instans), in classical Latin "present, pressing, urgent," literally "standing near," present participle of instare "to urge, to stand near, be present (to urge one's case)," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + stare "to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand, make or be firm."ETD instant (adj.).2
Sense of "immediate, done or occurring at once" is from 1590s. Of processed foods, by 1912; instant coffee is from 1915. Televised sports instant replay attested by 1965. Instant messaging attested by 1994.ETD instant (adj.).3
The word was used 18c.-19c. in dating of correspondence, meaning "the current month," often abbreviated inst. Thus 16th inst. means "sixteenth of the current month" (compare proximo, ultimo).ETD instant (adj.).4
"instantly," 1680s, from Latin instanter "urgently, pressingly," in Medieval Latin, "presently, at once," from Latin instans "present, pressing, urgent," literally "standing near" (see instant (adj.)).ETD instanter (adv.).2
late 14c., "moment in time, infinitely short space of time," from noun use of Old French instant "near, immediate, at hand; assiduous, urgent" (see instant (adj.)). Related: Instanted; instanting.ETD instant (n.).2
1650s, from instant (n.) on model of spontaneous, etc. Related: Instantaneously (1640s); instantaneousness; instantaneity.ETD instantaneous (adj.).2
"represent by an instance," 1946, from instance (Latin instantia) + -ate. Related: Instantiated; instantiation.ETD instantiate (v.).2
late 15c., "urgently, persistently," from instant (adj.) + -ly (2). Meaning "immediately, without any intervening time" is 1550s.ETD instantly (adv.).2
"act of instating," 1670s, from instate + -ment.ETD instatement (n.).2
also enstate, "to put someone in a certain state or condition," c. 1600, from in + state (n.1). Related: Instated; instating.ETD instate (v.).2
"restoration, renewal," c. 1600, from Latin instaurationem (nominative instauratio) "a renewal," noun of action from past participle stem of instaurare "to set up, establish; renew, restore," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + -staurare (ending also found in restaurant), from PIE *stauro-, from root *sta- "to stand, make or be firm."ETD instauration (n.).2
"in the place of," 1590s, contraction of Middle English prepositional phrase ine stede (early 13c.) from stead (n.) in the sense of "place assigned to one." The phrase is a loan-translation of Latin in loco (French en lieu de). Typically written as two words until mid-17c. To stand in stead of "stand in place of" is from c. 1500.ETD instead (adv.).2
"a putting among the stars," 1795, from in- (2) "in" + noun of action from Latin stellare "to set with stars," from stella (from PIE root *ster- (2) "star"). Perhaps modeled on earlier French instellation.ETD instellation (n.).2
"arch of the foot," mid-15c., apparently from in + step, "though this hardly makes sense" [Weekley]. An Old English word for "instep" was fotwelm. Middle English had also a verb instep "to track, trace" (c. 1400). Old English instæpe (n.) meant "an entrance."ETD instep (n.).2
1590s, from Latin instigator "a stimulator," agent noun from instigare "urge on, incite" (see instigation). The classical Latin fem. form instigatrix is recorded in English from 1610s.ETD instigator (n.).2
1540s, back-formation from instigation or else from Latin instigatus, past participle of instigare "to urge on, incite" (source also of French instiguer). Related: Instigated; instigates; instigating.ETD instigate (v.).2
early 15c., instigaccioun, "urging, incitement; impelling force," from Old French instigacion "instigation," and directly from Latin instigationem (nominative instigatio), noun of action from past-participle stem of instigare "urge on, incite," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + *stigare, a root meaning "to prick," from PIE root *steig- "to prick, stick, pierce" (see stick (v.)).ETD instigation (n.).2
1540s, from Latin instillationem (nominative instillatio) "a dropping in," noun of action from past participle stem of instillare "put in by drops; to drop, trickle," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + stilla "a drop" (see distill).ETD instillation (n.).2
early 15c., "a prompting" (a sense now obsolete), from Old French instinct (14c.) or directly from Latin instinctus "instigation, impulse, inspiration," noun use of past participle of instinguere "to incite, impel," from in- "into, in, on, upon" (from PIE root *en "in") + stinguere "prick, goad," from PIE *steig- "to prick, stick, pierce" (see stick (v.)).ETD instinct (n.).2
Meaning "animal faculty of intuitive perception" is from mid-15c., from notion of "natural prompting." General sense of "natural tendency" is first recorded 1560s.ETD instinct (n.).3
1640s, from Latin instinct-, past participle stem of instinguere "to incite, impel" (see instinct) + -ive. Related: Instinctively (1610s); instinctiveness. Coleridge uses instinctivity.ETD instinctive (adj.).2
1841, from instinct (Latin instinctus) + -al (1). Related: Instinctually.ETD instinctual (adj.).2
early 14c., "to establish in office, appoint," from Latin institutus, past participle of instituere "to set up, put in place; arrange; found, establish; appoint, designate; govern, administer; teach, instruct," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + statuere "establish, to cause to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand, make or be firm." General sense of "set up, found, introduce" first attested late 15c. Related: Instituted; instituting.ETD institute (v.).2
1610s, "of or pertaining to an institution," from institution + -al (1). Related: Institutionally.ETD institutional (adj.).2