IGICE CYA 50 — EZIRA, UMUTAMBYI N’UMWANDITSI

Ubwo hari hashize imyaka ijya kugera kuri mirongo irindwi itsinda rya mbere ry’abari barajyanwe mu bunyage bagarutse mu Buyuda bayobowe na Zerubabeli na Yosuwa, Aritazerusi Longimanusi yimye ingoma y’Abamedi n’Abaperesi. Izina ry’uyu mwami rifitanye isano n’amateka yera kubw’ibintu byiza byinshi bigaragara yakoze. Ku ngoma ye ni ho Ezira na Nehemiya babayeho kandi bakora umurimo wabo. Ni we mu mwaka wa 457 M.K (Mbere y’ivuka rya Kristo) watanze itegeko rya gatatu ari na ryo rya nyuma ryo gusana Yerusalemu. Ku ngoma ye habayeho gutahuka kw’itsinda ry’Abayuda bayobowe na Ezira, kuzuzwa kw’inkike za Yerusalemu zisanwe na Nehemiya n’abafasha be, gusubizwaho kw’imihango yo mu rusengero ndetse n’amavugurura (cyangwa ubugorozi) akomeye mu by’iyobokamana yakozwe na na Ezira na Nehemiya. Mu gihe kirekire Aritazerusi Longimanusi yamaze ku ngoma, akenshi yagiye agirira neza ubwoko bw’Imana, kandi Ezira na Nehemiya, incuti ze yiringiraga kandi yakundaga cyane, yababonyemo kuba barashyizweho n’Imana, ndetse barahagurukijwe kugira ngo bakore umurimo wihariye.AnA 565.1

Ibyo EZIRA yahuye nabyo igihe yabanaga n’Abayuda bari barasigaye muri Babuloni byari ibintu bidasanzwe ku buryo byatumye umwami Aritazerusi abyitaho. Ezira yaganiriye n’umwami bisanzuye ibyerekeye imbaraga z’Imana yo mu ijuru ndetse n’umugambi wayo wo gusubiza Abayuda i Yerusalemu.AnA 565.2

Ezira wari waravutse kuri umwe muri bene Aroni, yari yaratojwe iby’ubutambyi; kandi icyiyongera kuri ibyo, yari azi kandi amenyereye neza inyandiko z’abapfumu n’abashitsi, abahanga mu by’inyenyeri ndetse n’abanyabwenge bo mu bwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi. Nyamara ntiyari anyuze n’imibereho ye y’iby’umwuka. Yifuzaga cyane guhuza rwose n’ubushake bw’Imana; yifuzaga ubwenge bwo kumubashisha gusohoza ubushake bw’Imana. “yari yaramaramaje mu mutima we gushaka amategeko y’Uwiteka ngo ayasohoze.” Ezira 7:10. Ibi byamuteye kwiga amateka y’ubwoko bw’Imana abishimikiriye nk’uko yari yanditswe mu nyandiko z’abahanuzi n’abami. Yashatse ibitabo by’amateka n’iby’ubusizi biri muri Bibiliya kugira ngo amenye impamvu Uwiteka yemeye ko Yerusalemu isenywa ndetse n’ubwoko bwayo bukajyana ari abanyagano mu gihugu cy’abapagani.AnA 565.3

Ezira yatekereje mu buryo bwihariye ku byo Abisirayeli banyuzemo uhereye igihe Aburahamu yaherewe isezerano. Yize amabwiriza yatangiwe ku musozi Sinayi n’ayagiye atangwa mu gihe kirekire cy’urugendo rwo kuzerera mu butayu. Ubwo yagendaga rushaho kumenya byinshi byerekeye ibyo Imana yagiye igirira abana bayo, kandi agasobanukirwa ukwera kw’amategeko yatangiwe kuri Sinayi, umutima wa Ezira warakangutse. Yagize guhinduka gushya kandi kumaramaje ndetse yiyemeza kumenya neza ibyanditswe byerekeye amatek yera kugira ngo ubwo bumenyi ajye abukoresha mu kugeza umugisha n’umucyo ku b’ubwoko bwe.AnA 566.1

Ezira yashishikariye kwitegura neza umurimo yizeraga ko uri imbere ye. Yashatse Imana abikuye ku mutima kugira ngo abashe kuba umwigisha w’umunyabwenge muri Isirayeli. Ubwo yigaga kwegurira Imana ubwenge n’ubushake bwe kugira ngo abe ari Yo ibigenga, amahame yo kwezwa nyakuri yaje mu bugingo bwe ku buryo mu myaka yaje gukurikiraho ayo mahame kugira imbaraga ihindura urubyiruko rwamushatse ngo arwigishe ndetse n’abandi bose bifatanyaga na we.AnA 566.2

Imana yatoranyije Ezira kugira ngo abe igikoresho kizanira ibyiza Isirayeli no kugira ngo Imana yubahishe gahunda y’ubutambyi kuko ubwiza bwayo bwari bwarasiribanzwe bikomeye mu gihe cyo kuba mu bunyage. Ezira yaje kuba umuntu ufite ubwenge bw’indengakamere kandi ahinduka “umwanditsi w’umuhanga mu by’amategeko ya Mose.” Ezira 7:6. Ibyo byangombwa yari yujuje byamugize umuntu w’ikirangirire mu bwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi.AnA 567.1

Ezira yahindutse uvugira Imana, akigisha abamuzengurutse amahame agenga ijuru. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho yo kubaho kwe, haba igihe yari hafi y’ingoro y’umwami w’Abamedi n’Abaperesi cyangwa i Yerusalemu, umurimo we w’ingenzi wari uw’umwigisha. Igihe yamenyeshaga abandi ukuri yamenye, ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora bwariyongeraga. Yahindutse umuntu utunganye kandi ufite umwete. Yari umuhamya w’Uwiteka akabwira abatuye isi imbaraga ukuri kwa Bibiliya gufite zo kuboneza imibereho ya buri munsi.AnA 567.2

Imihati Ezira yagize yo gukangurira abantu kwita ku kwiga Ibyanditswe Byera yahawe ikimenyetso kitazibagirana n’umurimo ugoye kandi yakoze mu buzima bwe wo kurinda no kwandukura ibitabo byinshi by’Inyandiko Zera. Yakusanyije ibitabo byose by’amategeko yashoboraga kubona maze arongera arabyandukura kandi arabikwirakwiza. Ijambo ritunganye ryari ryarandukuwemo ibitabo byinshi muri ubwo buryo kandi rigashyikirizwa abantu benshi, ryatanze ubwenge bufite agaciro katagerwa.AnA 567.3

Uko Ezira yizeraga ko Imana izakorera ubwoko bwayo umurimo ukomeye kwamuteye kubwira umwami Aritazerusi icyifuzo cye cyo gusubira i Yerusalemu gukangurira abantu gushishikarira kwiga ijambo ry’Imana ndetse no gufasha bagenzi be gusana Umurwa Wera. Ubwo Ezira yavugaga uko yiringiraga ko Imana ya Isirayeli ari Imana ishoboye rwose kurinda no kwita ku bwoko bwayo, ibyo byakoze umwami ku mutima cyane. Yasobanukiwe neza ko Abisirayeli bari gusubira i Yerusalemu kugira ngo babashe gukorera Yehova; nyamara kandi icyizere umwami yari afitiye ubudahemuka bwa Ezira cyari gikomeye cyane ku buryo yamugaragarije ineza itangaje, amwemerera ibyo yamusabye kandi amuha n’impano nyinshi zo kwifashisha mu mirimo y’urusengero. Yamugize intumwa idasanzwe ihagarariye ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi kandi amuha ububasha busesuye bwo gusohoza imigambi yari mu mutima we.AnA 567.4

Itegeko ryatanzwe na Aritazerusi Longimanusi ryo gusana no kubaka Yerusalemu (ari naryo ryabaye irya gatatu ryatanzwe nyuma y’irangira ry’imyaka mirongo irindwi yo kuba mu bunyage), ririgaragaza cyane bitewe n’imvugo ryakoresheje yerekeye Imana yo mu ijuru, uko ryahaye agaciro ibyo Ezira yagezeho ndetse n’impano zatanganwe ubuntu bwinshi zahawe ubwoko bw’Imana bwasigaye. Aritazerusi avuga kuri Ezira amwita “umutambyi n’umwanditsi; ndetse yari n’umwanditsi w’amagambo y’amategeko y’Uwiteka n’ibyo yategetse Abisirayeli;” “umwanditsi w’amategeko y’Imana nyir’ijuru.” Umwami yafatanyije n’abajyanama be gutangana ubuntu bagatura “Imana ya Isirayeli iba i Yerusalemu;” kandi ikigeretse kuri ibyo yatanze ibyari kwishyura ibyakoreshejwe bikomeye maze ategeka ko bizishyurwa bikuwe “mu nzu ibikwamo ibintu by’umwami.” Ezira 7:11,12,15, 20.AnA 568.1

Aritazerusi yabwiye Ezira ati: “Kuko jyewe umwami n’abajyanama banjye barindwi tugutumye ngo ujye kubaza iby’i Buyuda n’i Yerusalemu, nk’uko amategeko y’Imana yawe ufite ameze.” Yarakomeje aca iteka ati: “Ikizategekwa n’Imana nyir’ijuru cyose gukorwa ku nzu yayo, kijye gikorwa bitunganye; kugira ngo uburakari butagera mu gihugu cy’umwami n’abahungu be.” Ezira 7:14, 23.AnA 568.2

Ubwo yahaga Abisirayeli uburenganzira bwo gusubira iwabo, Aritazerusi yateguye uburyo abari bashinzwe umurimo w’ubutambyi bazasubizwa ku mihango bayoboraga kera kandi bagahabwa n’ibyo bari bagenewe. Yaravuze ati: “Kandi tubasobanuriye iby’abatambyi n’Abalewi n’abaririmbyi n’abakumirizi n’Abanetinimu n’abagaragu b’iyo nzu y’Imana bose uko bangana, nta tegeko ryo kubaka umusoro cyangwa ihoro cyangwa ikoro.” Yateguye kandi uburyo bwo gushyiraho abayobozi ba gisivili bo kuyobora abantu mu buryo butunganye kandi buhuje rwose n’igitabo cy’amategeko y’Abayuda. Yarategetse ati: “Kandi nawe Ezira, uko ubwenge bw’Imana yawe bukurimo, uzatoranye abatware n’abacamanza bo gucira imanza abantu bo hakurya y’uruzi, abazi amategeko y’Imana yawe bose, n’utayazi muzajye muyamwigisha. Maze utazemera kwitondera amategeko y’Imana yawe n’amategeko y’umwami, bajye bagira umwete wose wo kumucira urubanza, rwaba urwo kwicwa cyangwa urwo gucibwa, cyangwa urwo kunyagwa ibye cyangwa urwo kumuboha.” Ezira 7:24-26.AnA 569.1

Uko ni ko Ezira “abiheshejwe n’ukuboko kw’Imana ye kwari kuri we,” yemeje umwami gutanga ibintu byinshi bizafasha mu gutahuka kw’Abisirayeli bose n’abatambyi n’Abalewi babaga mu bwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi, “bashakaga ubwabo kujya i Yerusalemu.” (umurongo wa 9,13). Uko ni ko abari baratatanyijwe bongeye guhabwa amahirwe yo gusubira mu gihugu ab’inzu ya Isirayeli bari barasezeraniwe guturamo kikaba icyabo. AnA 569.2

Iri tegeko ryashimishije cyane abari barafatanyije na Ezira kwiga iby’umugambi Imana ifitiye ubwoko bwayo. Ezira yateye hejuru aravuga ati: “Uwiteka Imana ya ba sogokuruza ishimwe, yashyize mu mutima w’umwami imigambi imeze ityo yo kurimbisha inzu y’Uwiteka iri i Yerusalemu. Kandi niyo yansaguriyeho imbabazi zayo imbere y’umwami n’abajyanama, n’imbere y’ibikomangoma bye bikomeye byose. Nuko mpeshwa imbaraga n’ukuboko k’Uwiteka Imana yanjye kwari kuri jye, mpera ko nteranya abakuru bo mu Bisirayeli ngo tuzamukane.” Ezira 7:27, 28.AnA 569.3

Ubuntu bw’Imana bwigaragarije mu itangazwa ry’iri tegeko ryatanzwe na Aritazerusi. Abantu bamwe basobanukiwe ibi kandi bakoresha ayo mahirwe babonye yo gusubira iwabo bishimye mu bihe byari byiza nk’ibyo. Hashyizweho ahantu rusange bari buhurire, maze igihe cyagenwe kigeze abifuzaga kujya i Yerusalemu barahateranira kugira ngo bafate urwo rugendo rurerure. Ezira aravuga ati: “Abo mbateraniriza ku mugezi ujya Ahava, tuhaca ingando, tuhamara gatatu.” Ezira 8:15.AnA 570.1

Ezira yari yiteze ko umubare munini cyane w’abantu uri bugaruke iYerusalemu, ariko umubare w’abitabiriye iryo rarika wari muto ku buryo wari urucantege. Abantu benshi bari barubatse amazu kandi baraguze n’amasambu ntibifuzaga gusiga ubwo butunzi. Bakundaga ubuzima buboroheye no kugubwa neza kandi bari banyuzwe no kwigumira [mu gihugu cy’ubunyage]. Urugero batanze rwabaye inkomyi ku bandi bajyaga guhitamo kwifatanya n’abajyaga imbere kubwo kwizera.AnA 570.2

Ubwo Ezira yitegerezaga itsinda ry’abari bateraniye aho, yatangajwe no kutabona n’umwe wo muri bene Lewi. Mbese abo mu muryango wari waratoranyirijwe gukora imihango yera yo mu rusengero bari hehe? Ku ihamagara ryavuze riti: ‘Ni nde uri ku ruhande rw’Uwiteka?’ Abalewi bagombye kuba ari bo baba aba mbere gusubiza. Mu gihe cyo kuba mu bunyage ndetse na nyuma yaho, Abalewi bari barahawe amahirwe menshi. Bari barahawe umudendezo usesuye wo kwita ku bukene bw’iby’umwuka bw’abavandimwe babo aho mu gihugu cy’ubunyage barimo. Amasinagogi yari yarubatswe, kandi muri yo ni ho abatambyi bayoboreraga gahunda yo kuramya Imana no kwigisha abantu. Bari barahawe umudendezo usesuye kandi wo kubahiriza Isabato no gukora imihango yera yajyaniranaga n’ukwizera kw’Abayahudi.AnA 570.3

Ariko uko imyaka yahitaga nyuma kurangira ku kuba mu bunyage, ibintu byarahindutse, kandi abayobozi bo muri Isirayeli bari bafite inshingango nshya nyinshi. Urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rwari rwarasanwe kandi rwaratashywe, bityo hari hakenewe abatambyi benshi kugira ngo bakomeze gukora imirimo yo mu rusengero. Hari hakenewe cyane abantu b’Imana bagombaga gukora ari abigisha b’ishyanga. Ikindi kandi, Abayuda bari barasigaye i Babuloni bari bari mu kaga ko kuvutswa umudendezo wabo mu by’idini. Binyujijwe ku muhanuzi Zekariya kimwe n’ibyo bari baherutse kunyuramo mu bihe bishishana bya Esiteri na Moridekayi, Abayuda bari mu bwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi bari baraburiwe mu buryo bweruye ko bagomba gusubira mu gihugu cyabo. Igihe cyari kigeze ubwo gukomeza kubana n’abapagani igihe kirekire byari biteje akaga gakomeye kuri bo. Kubera ko uko ibintu byari bimeze kwari kwahindutse, i Babuloni abatambyi bagombaga gusobanukirwa mu buryo bwihuse ko mu itangwa ry’iryo tegeko harimo irarika ridasanzwe ribahamagarira gusubira i Yerusalemu.AnA 571.1

Umwami n’ibikomangoma bye bari bakoze byinshi birenze uruhare rwabo maze bakingura inzira ngo abasubura iwabo bagende. Bari batanze ibyo kwifashisha byinshi, ariko se abantu bo bari hehe? Bene Lewi batsinzwe igihe imbaraga iturutse ku cyemezo bari gufata cyo kujyana n’abavandimwe babo iba yarateye abandi gukurikiza urugero rwabo. Kutagira icyo bitaho kwabo kudasanzwe ni ihishurwa ribabaje ry’uko Abisirayeli muri Babuloni bafataga umugambi Imana yari ifitiye ubwoko bwayo.AnA 571.2

Ezira yongeye guhamagaza Abalewi, aboherereza irarika ry’ikubagahu ribahamagarira kwifatanya n’abari kumwe na we. Kugira ngo ashimangire akamaro k’uko bagomba kugira icyo bakora byihuse, Ezira yatumye benshi mu bakuru bo mu Bisirayeli n’abigisha abaha urwandiko rubinginga yiyandikiye ubwe. Ezira 7:28; 8:16.AnA 572.1

Mu gihe abari biteguye kugenda bari bagitindanye na Ezira,mizo ntumwa zizewe zihutiye gusubiranayo ubutumwa bwasabaga ngo: “batwoherereze abahereza b’inzu y’Imana yacu.” Ezira 8:17. Iryo rarika ryarumviwe maze bamwe mu bari banze kugenda bafata icyemezo giheruka cyo gutaha iwabo. Muri abo bose, aho bari bateraniye haje abatambyi bagera kuri mirongo ine ndetse n’abagabo b’Abanetinimu ijana na makumyabiri Ezira yashoboraga kwishingikirizaho nk’abantu b’abanyabwenge n’abigisha n’abahereza beza.AnA 572.2

Noneho bose bari biteguye guhaguruka bakagenda. Imbere yabo hari urugendo rwari gutwara amezi menshi. Abagabo bajyanaga n’abagore babo n’abana babo n’imitungo yabo, kandi bagatwara n’ubutunzi bwinshi bwo gukoreshwa mu rusengero no mu mihango yarukorerwagamo. Ezira yari azi neza ko abanzi babategeye mu nzira bituguye kumunyaga nokumurimbura we n’abo bari kumwe; nyamara ntiyigeze asaba umwami Aritazerusi ingabo zo kubarinda. Yari yarasobanuye ati: “Kuko nagize isoni zo gusaba umwami umutwe w’ingabo z’abasirikare n’iz’abagendera ku mafarashi, ngo badutabare ku babisha bacu bari mu nzira, kuko twari twavuganye n’umwami tuti: “Amaboko y’Imana yacu ari ku bayishaka bose ngo abagirire neza, ariko imbaraga zayo n’uburakari bwayo birwanye abayireka bose.” Ezira 8:22. AnA 572.3

Muri iki kibazo, Ezira n’abo bari kumwe babonye umwanya wo kwerereza izina ry’Imana imbere y’abapagani. Kwizera imbaraga z’Imana ihoraho kuba kwarakomejwe iyo Abisirayeli ubwabo bagaragaza kwizera Umuyobozi wabo mu buryo bwimbitse (implicit faith). Kubw’ibyo rero, biyemeje gushyira ibyiringiro byabo byose mu Mana. Ntibajyaga gusaba abasirikare bo kubarinda. Ntibari guha abapagani amahirwe yo guha imbaraga za muntu ikuzo rikwiriye Imana yonyine. Ntibashoboraga kwemera gutera mu ntekerezo z’incuti zabo z’abapagani igitekerezo na kimwe cyo gushidikanya ku kuvugisha ukuri kwabo ko bishingikirije ku Mana nk’ubwoko bwayo. Ntabwo bari kugira imbaraga bikomotse ku butunzi, cyangwa ku maboko n’ububasha by’abantu basenga ibigirwamana, ahubwo bari kugira imbaraga kubw’ubuntu bw’Imana. Bari kurindwa gusa kubwo gukomereza amategeko y’Uwiteka imbere yabo no guharanira kuyakurikiza.AnA 572.4

(p.616 original) Uku kumenya ibyangombwa bari kuba bujuje kugira ngo bakomeze kubana n’ukuboko gutanga amahoro kw’Imana, byasabye ibirenze kumaramaza gusanzwe ku muhango wo kwitanga wabaye mbere yo gufata urugendo wakozwe na Ezira n’itsinda bari kumwe ry’abantu b’indahemuka. Ezira yavuze kuri ibyo agira ati: “Maze ntegekera kwiyiriza ubusa aho ngaho kuri uwo mugezi Ahava, kugira ngo twicishe bugufi imbere y’Imana yacu, ngo tuyiyoboze inzira idutunganiye, twebwe n’abana bacu bato n’ibintu byacu byose.” “Nuko twiyiriza ubusa, dusaba Imana yacu tuyinginga, yemera kutwumvira.” Ezira 8:21, 23.AnA 573.1

Nyamara imigisha y’Imana ntituma bitaba ngombwa ko tugira gushishoza no kugira amakenga. Nk’uburyo bwihariye bwo kurinda ubutunzi bari bafite, Ezira yatoranyije “cumi na babiri mu batware b’abatambyi,” — bari abagabo bari baragaragaye ko ari abiringirwa n’indahemuka - maze “abahereza ifeza n’izahabu n’ibintu by’amaturo y’inzu y’Imana yacu, iby’umwami n’abajyanama be n’abatware be n’Abisirayeli bari bahari bose batuye.” Abo bagabo bashinzwe mu buryo bukomeye gukora nk’ibisonga bidahuga bakita cyane ku butunzi bari baragijwe. Ezira yarababwiye: “Mwebwe muri aberejwe Uwiteka, n’ibintu bikoreshwa na byo ni ibyera, hamwe n’izo feza n’izahabu n’ituro batuye Uwitek Imana ya ba sogokuruza babikunze. Mube amso mubirinde, kugeza aho muzabigerera imbere y’abatware b’abatambyi n’Abalewi n’abatware b’amazu ya aba sogokuruza b’Abisirayeli, mu byumba byo mu nzu y’Uwiteka i Yerusalemu.” Ezira 8:24,25,28,29.AnA 573.2

Ubushishozi Ezira yakoresheje ategura uburyo bwo gutwara ndetse n’ubw’umutekano w’umutungo w’Uwiteka, butwigisha isomo rigomba kwiganwa gutekereza byimbitse. Hatoranyijwe abantu bari baragaragaweho ko ari abiringirwa gusa, kandi bahawe amabwiriza yumvikana yerekaye uko inshingano bafite. Mu gushyiraho abatware b’abiringirwa bagombaga gucunga ibintu by’Uwiteka, Ezira yazirikanye ko gahunda mu byerekeye umurimo w’Imana ari ngombwa kandi ko ifite agaciro. AnA 574.1

Mu minsi mike Abisirayeli batinze ku mugezi Ahava, ibintu byose bijyana n’urugendo byararinganijwe. Ezira yaranditse ati: “Bukeye ku munsi wa cumi n’ibiri w’ukwezi kwa mbereduhaguruka ku mugezi Ahava, tujya ii Yerusalemu; ukuboko kw’Imana yacu kuba kuri twe; idukiza amaboko y’ababisha, n’abaduciriye ibico mu nzira.” Ezira 8:31. Urwo rugendo rwamaze hafi amezi ane bitewe n’uko imbaga yajyanaga na Ezira yari igizwe n’abantu ibihumbi byinshi, harimo abagore n’abana bigatuma bagenda buhoro buhoro. Nyamara bose bararinzwe baba amahoro. Abanzi babo babujijwe kubagirira nabi. Urugendo rwabo rwabaye amahoro rwose, bityo bagera i Yerusalemu ku munsi wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa gatanu, mu mwaka wa karindwi w’ingoma ya Aritazerusi.AnA 574.2