5—Ujohn Wycliffe

Phambi kohlaziyo, ngamanye amaxesha, zazibakho iikopi ezimbalwa kakhulu zeBhayibhile, kodwa uThixo akazanga waliyeka ilizwi laKhe ukuba litshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Iinyaniso zalo zazingasayi kufihlakala ngonaphakade. Wayenokuwakhulula ngokulula amatyathanga aqamangele amazwi obomi kwanjengokuba wayenako ukuvula iingcango zentolongo akhulule iimbophelelo zentsimbi ezivale amasango ukuze abakhulule abakhonzi baKhe. Kumazwe awahlukeneyo aseYurophu, abantu babeqhutywa nguMoya kaThixo ukuba baphengulule befuna inyaniso ngokobutyebi obufihliweyo. Bekhokelelwa ngokokubonelela kukaThixo, kwiziBhalo ezingcwele, bawafunda amaphepha angcwele ngomdla onzulu. Babekulungele ukwamkela ukukhanya nokuba kungabaxabisa ntoni. Nangona babengaziboni zonke izinto ngokucacileyo, benziwa bakwazi ukuziqonda iinyaniso ezininzi ekwakukade zafihlwa. Njengabathunywa abathunywe lizulu, bahamba, beqhawula amatyathanga emposiso neenkolo, beyalela abo kwakukade benziwa amakhoboka, ukuba bavuke babange inkululeko yabo.IE18 72.1

Ngaphandle kwakumaWaldensi, ilizwi likaThixo lalivaleleke kwiilwimi ezaziwa kuphela ngabafundileyo; kodwa lalifikile ixesha lokuba iziBhalo ziguqulwe zinikwe abantu bamazwe awahlukeneyo ngeelwimi zabo zendalo. Umhlaba wawudlule kwinzulu yobusuku bawo. Iiyure zobumnyama zaziphela, kuvela kwiindawo ezininzi imiqondiso yokuza kokusa.IE18 72.2

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, kwahluma eNgilane “ikhwezi lokusa loHlaziyo.” UJohn Wycliffe waba ngumsasazi wohlaziyo, engengoweNgilane kuphela, kodwa owobuKristu buphela. Eyona nkcaso inkulu ngakwiRoma, awavunyelwa ukuba ayithethe, yayisokuze ibe ithuliswe. Olo vukelo lwavulela ungquzulwabo olwaba nesiphumo esikukukhululwa kwabantu, kwamabandla, nezizwe.IE18 72.3

UWycliffe wafumana imfundo yenkululeko, kwathi kuye, ukoyika uYehova kwasisiqalo sobulumko. Waziwa kwasekholejini ngokuzondelela kwakhe ukoyika uThixo nangeetalente zakhe ezinkulu nokuba ngumfundi obalaseleyo. Ekunxanelweni kwakhe ulwazi, wazama ukuziqhelanisa nawo onke amasebe emfundo. Waya wafunda ifilosofi yobuchule bemfundo, imibhalo yenkonzo, nomthetho wokulawula isizwe, ngakumbi kwilizwe lakhe. Ekusebenzeni kwakhe nzima kamva, ixabiso lale ngqeqesho yangaphambili labonakala. Ukuqhelana ngokucokisekileyo nolwazi olusebenzisa ingqondo lwexesha lakhe kwamenza ukuba akwazi ukuziveza iimposiso zalo; kwathi ngokufunda kwakhe umthetho wesizwe nowenkolo, wakulungela ukungena kwidabi elikhulu elilwela inkululeko yokuhlala neyenkolo. Lo gama wayekwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziphuma elizwini likaThixo, wayeyizuzile ingqeqesho yengqiqo ezikolweni, ngoko ke ewaqonda amacebo abantu abafundileyo. Amandla obulumko bakhe nokunaba kokucokisisa kolwazi lwakhe kwenza ukuba ahlonipheke kubahlobo nakwiintshaba ngokufanayo. Abo bathi bayama kuye babona baneliseka ukuba intshatsheli yabo yayigqwesa phakathi kweengqondo eziphambili zesizwe; zaza iintshaba zayo zathinteleka ukuba ziyijongele phantsi kumsebenzi wohlaziyo ngokuthi ziveze ukungazi okanye ubuthakathaka bomxhasi walo, uhlaziyo. IE18 73.1

Wathi uWycliffe esesekholejini, wangenela ukufunda iziBhalo. Ngaloo maxesha angaphambili, iBhayibhile isafumaneka ngeelwimi zakudala kuphela, abafundi bakwazi ukuba bayifumane indlela yokufikelela kumthombo wenyaniso, owawuvalekile kubantu abangafundanga. Ngokoke,indlelayayisele ililungeleikamvalomsebenzikaWycliffe wokuba ngumHlaziyi. Abantu abafundileyo babelifundile ilizwi likaThixo bayifumana inyaniso enkulu yobabalo lwaKhe olungahlawulelwayo ityhiliwe apho. Kwiimfundiso zabo babekusasazile ukwaziwa kwale nyaniso, sebebakhokelele abanye ukuba babuyele kwimiyalelo ephilileyo.IE18 73.2

Yathi ingqondo kaWycliffe yakukhokelelwa eziBhalweni, waqala ukuziphengulula ngocoselelo olunye nolo lwamenza ukuba azoyise izifundo ezikolweni. Ukuza kuthi ga kule ndawo, wayeziva enentswelo enkulu, eyayingakwazi ukwaneliswa zizifundo zakhe zobuchule bokufunda kwanayimfundiso yebandla. Elizwini likaThixo wakufumana oko wayekufuna engakufumani ngaphambili. Apha, walibona icebo losindiso lityhiliwe noKristu evezwe ikuphela kwaKhe ummeli womntu. Wazinikela emsebenzini kaKristu waza wazimisela ukuvakalisa iinyaniso azizuzileyo.IE18 73.3

NjengabaHlaziyi abalandelayo, uWycliffe akazange athi, ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, abone kwangaphambili ukuba uya kumkhokelela phi. Akazange athi zisuka nje azimisele ukuyichasa ngabom iRoma. Yaba kukuzinikela enyanisweni okwamenza ukuba angquzulane nobuxoki. Okona wazibona ngokucacileyo iimposiso zobupopi, kwaba kukona ezingisa ekuyibekeni imfundiso yeBhayibhile. Waya wabona ukuba iRoma ilishiyile ilizwi likaThixo yabamba isithethe somntu; ngesibindi wasikhalimela isibingeleli ngokulahlela kude iziBhalo, waza wanyanzelisa ukuba iBhayibile ibuyiselwe ebantwini nokuba igunya layo liphinde limiselwe ebandleni. Wayeyititshala enesakhono nenenzondelelo, ekwangumshumayeli onobuciko, baye ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla busisibonakalaliso seenyaniso awayezishumayela. Ulwazi lwakhe lweziBhalo, igalelo lamandla okuzathuza kwakhe, ubunyulu bobomi bakhe, nokungagungqi kwesibindi nokuthembeka kwakhe konke kwamzuzela ukuxatyiswa nokuthenjwa jikelele. Uninzi lwabantu lwalusele lunganeliseki yinkolo yabo yangaphambili xa bekhangele kubugwenxa obabugquba kwiBandla laseRoma, baza bazamkela ngovuyo olungafihlakalanga iinyaniso ezatyhilwa nguWycliffe; kodwa iinkokeli zobupopi zazaliswa ngumsindo xa zibona ukuba lo mHlaziyi wayezuza impembelelo engaphezu kwaleyo yabo.IE18 73.4

UWycliffe wayebukhali ekuyiboneni imposiso, waza wakuhlasela ngesibindi ukuziphatha kakubi okuvunyelwe ligunya laseRoma. Ngexesha wayesebenza njengomfundisi kakumkani, wema waqina ukuchasa ukuhlawulwa kweminikelo efunwa nguPopi kukumkani waseNgilane waza wabonisa ukuba ubuganga begunya lobupopi kubalawuli basemhlabeni babuchasene nengqiqo nesityhilelo. Ukunyanzelisa kokufuna kukaPopi kwavusa ingcaphuko enkulu, zaza iimfundiso zikaWycliffe zanegalelo lempembelelo ezingqondweni zesizwe. Ukumkani namadoda amakhulu bamanyana ekwaleni ibango likaPopi kwigunya lasemhlabeni nasekwaleni ukuhlawula umnikelo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwabakho ukubetheka okukhulu kukongama kobupopi eNgilane. IE18 74.1

Obunye ububi umHlaziyi awazimisela ukuba alwe nabo idabi elide nelipheleleyo yayikukumiselwa kohlelo lwabafundisi abangabangqibi. Aba bangqibi balingenela ngokweenyosi elaseNgilane, benika umfanekiso wokushwatyulelwa kobukhulu nempumelelo yesizwe. Amashishini, ukuziphatha, zaba zizinto eziva impembelelo etshazisayo. Ubomi boonongendi abangamadoda bokuzula esithubeni nokungqiba akuzange kwanele nje ukuba nokufunxa kwindyebo yabantu, kodwa kwakwenza kwajongelwa phantsi ukusebenza okuyinto elungileyo. Ulutsha lwatyhafiswa lonakaliswa. Ngale mpembelelo yaba bafundisi bangqibayo, baba baninzi abakhuthazeka ukuba bangene emizini yoonongendi bazinikele ebomini bokuhlala ngokuzinxwema, kwaye oku bekwenza, benganelanga kungavunyelwa ngabazali, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba abazali bazi nangokuchasene nemiyalelo yabo. Omnye wooTata beBandla laseRoma, ezama ukunyanzelisa amabango oku kuzihlalela ngaphezu kokufunwa luthando lobuntwana nomthwalo ngakubazali, wathi: “Nokuba utata wakho angalala phambi komnyango wakho elila, nomama wakho akubonise umzimba namabele awayekuncancisa kuwo, qiniseka ukuba uyabanyhasha ngaphantsi kweenyawo, uhambe uye ngqo kuKristu.” Ngale “nkohlakalo imbi kakhulu,” ngokutsho kukaLutere kamva, “encasa yayo ivakala okwengcuka nombandezeli kunomKristu nomntu,” iintliziyozabantwana zaqiniswaokwentsimbingakubazalibabo.— Barnas Sears, The Life of Lutere, pages 70, 69. Ngaloo ndlela, iinkokeli zobupopi, njengabaFarisi bakudala, zawenza waba yinto engento umthetho kaThixo ngesithethe sawo. Amakhaya enziwa abaziimbuqu abazali behluthwe ukuhlalisana ngokwamakhaya noonyana neentombi zabo.IE18 74.2

Nabafundi eziyunivesithi bakhohliswa ziintetho zoonongedi bekhuthazwa ukuba bazimanye namahlelo abo. Kamva, abaninzi bazisola ngeli nyathelo, bebona ukuba babenze bashwabuleleka ubomi babo nokuba bazisa intlungu kubazali babo; kodwa ke, ngakonje ukuba babambeke emgibeni, babengakwazi ukuyizuza inkululeko yabo. Abazali abaninzi, ngokoyika impembelelo yoonongendi, bala ukuthumela oonyana neentombi zabo eziyunivesithi. Kwabakho ukuhla kakhulu kwamanani abafundi abaya kumaziko amakhulu emfundo. Izikolo zalambatha, kwaza kwagquba ukungazi. IE18 75.1

UPopi wayezinike igunya ezi monk ukuba zimamele ukuvunywa kwezono nokunika uxolelo. Oku kwaba lithende lobubi obukhulu. Zathi ngokuzama ukuzuza inzuzo, aba bangqibi balungela ukunika ukukhululeka okwenza ukuba abophuli bomthetho ngazo zonke iindlela babalekele kubo, saza isiphumo soko, saba kukuqatsela ngokukhawuleza kokukhula kobubi. Abagulayo nabangamahlwempu bashiywa ukuba bazibonele, lo gama izipho ezazimele ukuba zincedisene nabo kwiintswelo zabo zaya koonongendi, ababesithi, ngezoyikiso bafune amalizo ebantwini, bekusingela phantsi ukungamoyiki uThixo kwabo babezibamba izipho zingayi kumahlelo abo. Nangona babesithi bangamahlwempu, ubutyebi babangqibi bathi rhoqo ukukhula, zathi izakhiwo zabo ezihle neetafile ezihlala zizele zizimuncumuncu zakwenza kwacaca ngakumbi ukukhula kokuhlupheka kwesizwe. Kwathi ngoku belichitha ixesha labo ngokonwaba neziyolo, basuka bathumela abantu abangazi nto, abasuka babalise iintsomi ezimangalisayo, amabali, neziqhulo zokuhlekisa abantu, babenza ukuba baqhathwe ngaphezulu ngokupheleleyo ngoonongendi. Baya baqhubeka aba bangqibi bezibambile izihlwele ezineenkolo bezenza ukuba zikholwe ukuba wonke umthwalo wenkolo wawubandakanya ukuvuma ukongama kukaPopi, ukukhonza abangcwele, nokwenza izipho koonongendi, nokuba oku kwakwanele ukumzuzisa umntu indawo ezulwini.IE18 75.2

Amadoda afundayo nawoyika uThixo azama ukwenza uhlaziyo kula mahlelo oonongendi, kodwa ngelize; waza uWycliffe, enembono ekrelekrele kakhulu, wabetha engcanjini yenkohlakalo, esithi uhlelo ngokwalo lububuxoki nokuba kufuneka luphelisiwe. Ingxolo nembuzwano zaziqala. Bathi njengoko onongendi [iimonks] behamba-hamba ilizwe, bethetha ngoxolelo lukaPhapha, baye bebabaninzi abakuthandabuzayo ukuthengwa koxolelo ngemali, benombuzo wokuba bebengafanele kulufuna kuThixo na uxolelo endaweni kaPhapha waseRoma. (Bona ISIHLOMELO, inqaku lephepha lama-[59].) Baye bebaninzi abakhwankqiswayo buburhovu boonongendi, abakubawa kwabo kwakubonakala kungasokuze kwaneliswe. “Iimonks nabapristi baseRoma,” batsho, “basidla basigqibe ngokomhlaza. UThixo kufuneka asihlangule, okanye abantu baza kutshabalala.”--D'Aubigne, b. 17, ch. 7. Ukuquma ukubawa kwabo, aba nongendi bangqibayo bathi balandela umzekelo woMsindisi, besithi uYesu nabafundi baKhe babexhaswa zizipho zabantu. Eli bango laba nomphumela wokuwulimaza umsebenzi wabo, kuba lakhokelela abaninzi eBhayibhileni ukuba bazifundele ngokwabo inyaniso—esona siphumo sasingafunwa yiRoma. Iingqondo zabantu zakhokelelwa kwiThende lenyaniso, eyona yayiyinjongo yayo, iRoma, ukuyifihla.IE18 76.1

UWycliffe waqala ukubhala nokusasaza amaphetshana achasa abangqibi, phofu engafuni ukungena kwiimpikiswano nabo kunokuba abizele iingqondo zabantu kwiimfundiso zeBhayibhile kunye noMbhali [uMqali] wayo. Wathi igunya lokuxolela okanye lokugxothela ngaphandle kwesikhungu likuPopi ngendlela engekho ngaphezulu kwaleyo banokwenza ngayo nababingeleli nje, kwanokuba akakho umntu onokugxothelwa ngaphandle kwesikhungu ngokwenene ngaphandle kokuba uthe kuqala wazizisela phezu kwakhe ukugwetywa nguThixo. Ayikho indlela anokukwazi ngayo ngempumelelo ukudlula kulo mgangatho unzima wobomi basemoyeni nolawulo lwasemhlabeni awenze uPopi wangumnqantsa, nekuthi ngawo imiphefumlo nemizimba yezigidi zabantu yenziwe amakhoboka.IE18 76.2

Waphinda uWycliffe wabizelwa ukuba akhusele amalungelo kakumkani waseNgilane kungenelelo lweRoma; wathi njengonyulelwe ukuba ngummeli kakumkani, wachitha iminyaka emibini kwinkomfa yabathunywa bakaPopi eNetherlands. Apha waba noqhagamshelano nabafundisi ababephuma eFrance, eItaly, naseSpain, waza wanethuba lokukhangela ngaphaya kokwenzekayo waza wazuza ulwazi lwezinto ezininzi ezazifihlakele kuye xa wayeseNgilane. Wafunda okuninzi okwakuza kumnceda ukumxhasa kumsebenzi wakhe yasemva koko. Kwaba bameli baphuma kwinkundla kaPhapha, wafunda esona similo neenjongo zamanqwanqwa olawulo. Wabuyela eNgilane ukuya kuphinda iimfundiso zakhe zangaphambili ngokuphandle nangenzondelelo enkulu, evakalisa ukuba ukubawa, ikratshi, nenkohliso yayizizithixo zaseRoma. IE18 77.1

Kwelinye lamaphetshana akhe asasazwayo, wathi, ethetha ngoPopi nabaqokeleli bemali bakhe: “Bathabatha emhlabeni wethu impiliso yabantu, nemfumba yemali, ngomnyaka, kwimali kakumkani, beyisa emithendelekweni nezinye izinto zenkolo, nokuthengwa kwezikhundla zeCawa okuqalekisekileyo ngokuchasana nenkolo, baze benze ukuba bonke ubuKristu bukuvume bukuxhase oku kuchaswa kwenkolo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nangona ilizwe lethu linentabalala yegolide, engazanga yathatyathwa mntu ngaphandle kwalo mpristi unekratshi nothanda ihlabathi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, le mfumba iya kuba iphelile; kuba uhlala ethabatha imali kumhlaba wethu, angabuyi athumele nto ngaphandle kwesiqalekiso sikaThixo ngenxa yokuthenga kwakhe isikhundla.”--John Lewis, History of the Life and Sufferings of J. Wiclif, page 37.IE18 77.2

Kungekudala emva kokuba ebuyele eNgilane, uWycliffe wanyulwa ngukumkani ukuba aphathe isikolo sabafundisi saseLutterworth. Oku kwakusisiqinisekiso sokuba ukumkani akazange angakholiswa kukuthetha kwakhe ngokuphandle. Impembelelo kaWycliffe yaviwa ikumisa ngendlela okwenziwa ebhotwe, kwanokubumba inkolo yesizwe.IE18 77.3

Kwath kungekudala indudumo zikaPopi zagityiselwa ukuba zimchase. Kwathunyelwa amaphepha [anika umyalelo kaPopi] amathathu eNgilane,--eyunivesithi, kukumkani, nakoobhishophu,--onke enika amanyathelo akhawulezileyo nangqongqo ukuba kuthuliswe ititshala yenkcaso yenkolo. (Augustus Neander, General History of the Christian Religion and Church, period 6, sec. 2, pt. 1, par. 8. Bona nakwiSIHLOMELO.) Phofu, Ngaphambi kokufika kwala maphepha, oobhishophu, ngenzondelelo yabo, babembizele ematyaleni uWycliffe phambi kwabo ukuba azokuphendula. Ukuya kuloo nkundla, wakhatshwa ziinkosana ezimbini ezinamandla kakhulu ebukumkanini; baza abantu, berhanqe isakhiwo bekwatyhudisa ukungena, babenza bafikelwa kukoyika abagwebi kangangokuba iingxoxo zakha zamiswa ngokwangoko, wavunyelwa ukuba ahambe enoxolo. Kungekudala emva koko, uEdward III, nabo babezama ukumphembelela, ebudaleni bakhe, ukuba amchase umHlaziyi, wafa, waza umkhuseli kaWycliffe wangaphambili waba libambela endaweni yakhe, uEdward III, ebukumkanini. IE18 77.4

Ukufika kwamaphepha avela kuPopi, kwanika iNgilane yonke umyalelo oyisamani engqongqo ukuba abanjwe avalelwe entolongweni umchasi wenkolo. La manyathelo ayesalatha ngokuqinisekileyo ekugwetyweni ngokubotshelelwa esibondeni sokutshiswa. Kwathi ngoku kunjalo, Lowo wayethe komnye wakudala, “Musa ukoyika, . . . ndiyingweletshetshe yakho” (Genesis 15:1), waphinda wasolula isandla saKhe ukuba amkhusele umkhonzi waKhe. Ukufa kwafika, kungezi kumHlaziyi, kodwa kuPopi owayekhuphe umthetho wokubulawa kwakhe. UGregory XI wafa, baza abafundisi ababehlangene etyaleni likaWycliffe, babuyela emakhaya.IE18 78.1

Ukubonelela kukaThixo kwaqhubeka kuzilawula iziganeko ukuze kunikwe ithuba lokukhula koHlaziyo. Ukufa kukaGregory kwalandelwa kukunyulwa kooPopi ababini abazintshaba. Amagunya amabini aphikisanayo, elinye lizibabaza ngokungabi nakho ukona, ngoku elalibanga ukuthotyelwa. (Bona ISIHLOMELO amanqaku amaphepha [50] nelama-[85].) Elowo wabiza abathembekileyo ukuba bancede kuliwe omnye, enyanzelisa oko akufunayo ngeziqalekiso ezoyikekayo ngakwabo bamchasayo, nezithembiso zemivuzo ezulwini kwabo bamxhasayo. Esi sihlo salitheza amandla kakhulu igunya lobupopi. Amaqela alwayo ayenako konke okufunekayo ukuba ahlaselane, waza uWycliffe waphola okwexeshana. Iziqalekiso nokumangalelana kwakusuka kuPopi kuye kuPopi, imisinga yegazi ithululwa ukuxhasa amabango abo aphikisanayo. Ulwaphulo lomthetho nezenzo zobubi konke kwaba ngumsinga ukungena ebandleni. Ngelo xesha, umHlaziyi, epholile ekuhlaleni kwakhe eLutterworh, wayesebenza ngokukhuthala ukwalathisa abantu ukuba bangakhangeli kooPopi abalwayo, koko bakhangele kuYesu uKumkani woxolo.IE18 78.2

Umsantsa nenkohlakalo, nako konke okwaba sisiphumo, kwayilungisa indlela yoHlaziyo ngokubenza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukubona eyona nto ubupopi babuyiyo. Kwiphetshana awalisasazayo, elalisithi: On the Schism of the Popes [Ngokungahlangani KooPopi] , uWycliffe wabamema abantu ukuba baqaphele ukuba aba Popi babengathethi nyaniso naxa babe bizana ngokuthi, omnye nomnye, ungumchasi-Kristu. “UThixo,” wathi, “akasayi kuqhubeka elunyamezele utshaba ukuba lulawule kumbingeleli omnye onjalo, kodwa . . . wenza ukuba kubekho ukungaboni ngasonye kwabo babini, ukuze abantu, egameni likaKristu, bakwazi ukuboyisa bobabini ngokulula.”--R. Vaughan, Life and Opinions of John de Wycliffe, vol. 2, p. 6.IE18 79.1

UWycliffe, njengeNkosi yakhe, wazishumayela iindaba ezilungileyo kumahlwempu. Wathi, enganelisekanga kukusasaza ukukhanya kumakhaya athobekileyo kweyakhe indawo awaye kuyo eLutterworth, wazimisela ukuba kumele ukuba kusiwe kuzo zonke iindawo zaseNgilane. Ukuyifeza le mbono, waqulunqa umbutho wabashumayeli, abantu abalula nabazinikeleyo, ababethanda inyaniso, benganqweneli enye into ngaphezu kokuyihambisa. La madoda aya kuyo yonke indawo, efundisa ezindaweni zentengiso, ezitratweni zezixeko ezikhulu, nasezindledlaneni zasemaphandleni. Afuna abantu abagugileyo, abagulayo, nabangamahlwempu, abavulela phambi kwabo iindaba ezilungileyo zobabalo lukaThixo.IE18 79.2

Njengoko wayeyiprofesa emfundo ngoThixo yaseOxford, uWycliffe walishumayela ilizwi likaThixo eziholweni zeyunivesithi. Ngokunyaniseka, wayibeka inyaniso kubafundi abafundisayo, wada wanikwa isihlonipho sokuba “ngugqirha wevangeli.” Owona msebenzi mkhulu wobomi bakhe wawuza kuba abe ngumguquleli weziBhalo kulwimi lwesiNgesi. Kwincwadi awayibhalayo, ethi, On the Truth and Meaning of Scripture [Ngenyaniso Nentsingiselo YeziBhalo], wayibeka injongo yakhe yokuziguqula iziBhalo, ukuze wonke umntu eNgilane azifundele, ngolwimi lwakhe lwenkobe, imisebenzi emangalisayo kaThixo.IE18 79.3

Kwenzeka ukuba ngequbuliso imisebenzi yakhe ifike ekupheleni. Nangona wayengekafiki kumashumi amathandathu eminyaka ubudala, ukusebenza angayeki, ukufunda, nokuhlaselwa ziintshaba zakhe, konke kwawaxikixa amandla akhe kwamgugisa ngaphambi kwexesha. Wahlaselwa sisifo esiyingozi. Ezo ndaba zazisa uvuyo olukhulu kubafundisi ababengabangqibi. Ngoku, baya bacinga ukuba uya kuguquka ngomphefumlo okrakra kububi awathi wabenza ebandleni, baza bakhawuleza baya kufika kwigumbi lakhe ukuba baphulaphule ukuvuma isono kwakhe. Abameli abaphuma kumahlelo amane enkolo, kunyenamagosa amane aselulawulweni lukarhulumente, bahlanganisana ngakule ndoda ekwakuthiwa iyafa. “Unokufa emilebeni yakho,” batsho; “chukumiseka ziziphoso zakho, ukurhoxise apha phambi kwethu konke okuthethileyo okusilimazayo.” UmHlaziyi waphulaphula ethe cwaka; waza wayalela isicaka sakhe ukuba simphakamise emandlalweni wakhe, ewathe ntsho kubo amehlo akhe, ngeli xesha bemi belindele ukurhoxa kwakhe, wathi, ngelizwi eliqinileyo nelinamandla, nelalisoloko libangcangcazelisa: “Andisayi kufa, ndiza kuphila; ndiphinde kwakhona ndizixele izenzo ezibi zabafundisi.”--D'Aubigne, b. 17, ch. 7. Zikhwankqisiwe zikwaneentloni, iimonk zakhawuleza zalishiya igumbi.IE18 79.4

Amazwi kaWycliffe azaliseka. Waphilela ukuba abeke ezandleni zabantu bezwe lakhe ezona zixhobo zinamandla okulwa iRoma—ukuba nika iBhayibhile, umthunywa onyulwe liZulu ukuba akhulule, akhanyise, avangele abantu. Zazizininzi zizikhulu izithintelo ekufuneka ziqatyelwe ekufezeni umsebenzi wakhe. UWycliffe waqotywa bubuthakathaka bomzimba; waye esazi ukuba yayiyiminyaka nje embalwa yokusebenza eseleyo awayenayo; wayibona inkcaso ekwakufuneka equbisene nayo; kodwa, ngokukhuthazwa zizithembiso zelizwi likaThixo, wabheka phambili engoyiki nto. Esemandleni apheleleyo engqiqo yakhe, enobutyebi bamava, wagcinwa wakulungiselelwa oku kukubonelela kukaThixo okukhethekileyo, owona mkhulu kwimisebenzi yakhe. Nangona ubuKristu babuzele kukuxokozela, umHlaziyi kwiziko lakhe lokufundisa eLutterworth, engaziyekelanga kwisaqhwithi esasivuthuza ngaphandle, wazinikela kumsebenzi wakhe awukhethileyo. IE18 80.1

Ekugqibeleni, umsebenzi wagqitywa—inguqulelo yokuqala yeBhayibhile yesiNgesi eyathi yenziwa. Ilizwi likaThixo lavulwa eNgilane. UMhlaziyi wayengasoyiki ngoku intolongo okanye ukutshiswa. Wayebeke ezandleni zabantu baseNgilane ukukhanya okwakungasayi kuze kucinywe. Ngokunika abantu bezwe lakhe iBhayibhile, wenza okukhulu kakhulu ukwaphula amakhamandela okungazi nobubi, ngakumbi ukubakhulula nokubaphakamisa abantu bezwe lakhe, kunoko kwakha kwenziwa lolona loyiso luqaqambileyo kumabala amadabi. IE18 80.2

Bungekaziwa ubuchule bokushicilela, kwakungokusebenza okucothayo nokudinisayo ezathi iikopi zeBhayibhile zenziwa zaninzi. Waba mkhulu kakhulu umdla wokuzuza incwadi, kangangokuba baba baninzi abangena kumsebenzi wokuyikhuphela, kodwa kwakunzima ukuba abo bayikopayo bakukholise ukunxanelwa kwayo. Abanye babona bantu bangabathengi, babeyifuna iyonke iBhayibhile. Abanye babethenga iinxenye kuphela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintsapho eziliqela zazihlangana ukuba zithenge ikopi. Ngaloo ndlela, iBhayibhile kaWycliffe yakwazi ukufikelela kumakhaya abantu.IE18 80.3

Ukubhenela kwingqiqo yabantu kwabavusa ekuzivumeni ngaphandle kombuzo iimfundiso zobupopi. UWycliffe waya wafundisa iimfundiso ezibalaseleyo zobuProtestanti—ukusindiswa ngokukholwa kuKristu, nokungabi nakuphazama kweziBhalo kuphela. Abashumayeli awayebathumele bayisasaza iBhayibhile, kunye nokubhalwe ngabaHlaziyi, kwaza, ngempumelelo enkulu, inkolo entsha yamkelwa phantse sisiqingatha sabantu baseNgilane.IE18 81.1

Ubukho beziBhalo bazisa ukukhwankqiswa kumagunya ebandla. Kwakufuneka ngoku baqubisane nezenzeleli ezinamandla ngaphezu kukaWycliffe—isenzeleli esasizakuba negalelo elincinane kakhulu ukuyilwa inkcaso. Kwakungekho mthetho ngeli xesha eNgilane oyalelayo iBhayibhile, kuba yayingazange yashicilelwa ngolwimi lwabantu. Imithetho enjalo yamiselwa yanyanzeliswa ngamandla emva koko. Ngokwangoku, nangona yayikho imizamo yababingeleli, labakho okwexesha elithile ithuba lokulijikelezisa ilizwi likaThixo. IE18 81.2

Zaphinda kwakhona iinkokeli zobupopi zaceba ukulithulisa ilizwi lomHlaziyi. Wabizelwa phambi kweenkundla ezintathu ukuba aze kuxoxa, kodwa akeza. Kuqala, isinodi soobhishophu sathi akubhalileyo kugxeka inkonzo, baza bathi ngokuzuzela ukumkani oselula kwelabo icala, bawufumana umyalelo othi mabavalelwe entolongweni bonke abaya kufunyanwa bebambelele kwiimfundiso ezibonwe zingalunganga. IE18 81.3

UWycliffe wabhenela ePalamente ukusuka kwakhe esinodini; wawalandelelanisa ngesibindi amanqwanqwa olawulo phambi kwequmrhu le sizwe, wafuna uhlaziyo lokuphatha gwenxa okuvunyelwe libandla. Ngamandla awoyisayo wakuzoba ukuphatha kakubi nenkohlakalo yesihlalo sobuPopi. Iintshaba zakhe zadideka. AbahlobonabaxhasibakaWycliffe babenyanzelweukuba boyisakale, kwaza kwalindelwa ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, umHlaziyi ngokwakhe, ebudaleni bakhe, eyedwa engenabahlobo, wayeza kuthoba kwigunya elihlangeneyo likakumkani nenkonzo. Endaweni yoko, abobupopi bazibona boyisiwe. IPalamente, yothuswe zizibongozo ezothusayo zikaWycliffe, yawurhoxisa umthetho wokutshutshisa, waza waphinda umHlaziyi waxhamla inkululeko.IE18 81.4

Okwesithathu waziswa ematyaleni, ngoku phambi kwenkudla yebandla lobukumkani. Apha kwakungazi kubakho luvelwano ngasekulweni neCawa. Ekugqibeleni, apha, iRoma yayiza koyisa, uze umsebenzi wabaHlaziyi upheliswe. Babecinga njalo abobupopi. Ukuba nje bebengayifeza injongo yabo, uWycliffe wayeza kunyanzelwa ukuba afungele ukuzilahla iimfundiso zakhe, okanye ayishiye inkundla esiya emalangatyeni.IE18 82.1

Akazange phofu arhoxe; wayengasayi kulufihla uluvo lwakhe. Wazigcina ngesibindi iimfundiso zakhe wazigxotha zonke izityholo zabatshutshisi bakhe. Elahlekwa kukuzibona, isikhundla sakhe, nemeko, wamemela kuye abaphulaphuli phambi kwenkundla yezulu, wabubeka ubuqhophololo nolahlekiso lwabo esikalini senyaniso yaphakade. Amandla kaMoya Oyingcwele avakala kwigumbi lentlanganiso. Intimbo ephuma kuThixo yaphezu kwabaphulaphuli. Baziva bengenawo amandla okuyishiya indawo. Njengeentolo eziphuma kumphongolo weNkosi, amazwi omHlaziyi azihlaba iintliziyo zabo. Isimangalo sokuthiya ibandla, ababembeka sona, wasibuyisela kubo ngamandla aboyisayo. Babetheni ukuze babenesibindi sokuzisasaza iimpazamo zabo? Ngenxa yokufuna inzuzo, wabuza, nithengisa ngobabalo lukaThixo na? IE18 82.2

“Nicinga ukuba nilwa nabani?” wabuza ekugqibeleni. Nomntu omdala esecicini lokungena engcwabeni? Hayi! neNyaniso—iNyaniso enamandla kunani, kwaye iza kunoyisa.”--Wylie, b. 2, ch. 13. Akuba etshilo, waphuma entlanganisweni, akwabakho bani kubachasi bakhe omthintelayo. IE18 82.3

Umsebenzi kaWycliffe wawusele uza kuphela; ibhanile yenyaniso awayeyithwele ixesha elide yayisele iza kuwa esandleni sakhe; kodwa wayeza kuphindaabuthwaleubungqinangenxayegospile. Inyaniso kwakufuneka ivakaliswe iphuma kwinqaba yobukumkani bempazamo. UWycliffe wamenywa ukuba aze ematyaleni phambi kwenkundla kaPhapha eRoma, eyayisoloko iphalaza igazi labangcwele. Yayingamsithelanga ingozi eyayimzela, kanti ngewayekuthobele ukubizwa ukuba ukuhlaselwa lidumbe kwakungazange kumenze angakwazi ukuthabatha uhambo. Nangona phofu ilizwi lakhe lalingenako ukuvakala eRoma, waba nako ukuthetha ngencwadi, waza wazimisela ukukwenza oku. Wathi ekwindawo afundisa kuyo, umHlaziyi wayibhala ileta eya kuPhapha, eyathi, nangona yayinembeko ngokwelizwi nomoya wobuKristu, yakukuthethisa okungqwabalala kubuyokoyoko nekratshi lwesihlalo sobupopi.IE18 82.4

“Ngokwenene ndiyavuya,” watsho, “kuba ndivule ndavakalisa kuye wonke umntu, ngokukodwa kubhishophu waseRoma, ukuba: ukholo endilubambileyo endicinga ukuba, ngalo lonke ixesha ndicinga ukuba luphilile luyinyaniso, uya kuba nentumekelelo ukuluqinisekisa olo kholo lwam, okanye ukuba luyimposiso, alulungise.IE18 82.5

“Kuqala, ndiyacinga ukuba igospile kaKristu isiso sonke isiqu somthetho kaThixo. . . . Ndiyavuma ndaye ndisithi, ubhishophu waseRoma nanjengoko engummeli kaKristu apha emhlabeni, ungoyena ubophelelekileyo, kunabo bonke abanye abantu, emthethweni wegospile. Kaloku ubukhulu phakathi kwabafundi bakaKristu babungakhelwanga phezu kwesidima sehlabathi okanye ukuphakanyiswa, kodwa ekulandeleni uKristu ebomini nasekuziphatheni ngendlela esondeleyo nengqongqo. . . . UKristu, ngexesha lokuphambukela kwaKhe kweli, wayengoyena mntu ulihlwempu, edele walahla lonke ulawulo nozukolwasemhlabeni. . . .IE18 83.1

“Akakho umntu onyanisekileyo omele ukulandela nokuba nguPhapha ngokwakhe okanye nawuphi na kumadoda angcwele, ngaphandle kwezo ndawo athi ngazo alandele iNkosi uYesu Kristu; kuba uPetros noonyana bakaZebhedi, ngokunqwenela uzuko lwehlabathi, ngokuchasene nokulandela amanyathelo kaKristu, bona, baza ngenxa yoko, kwezo mpazamo ababa nako ukulandelwa. . . .IE18 83.2

“UPopi umele ukuyekela kwigunya lasemhlabeni bonke ubukumkani nolawulo lwasemhlabeni, aze athi, ngempumelelo, asise asikhuthaze sonke isifundisi sakhe; kuba wenjenjalo uKristu, nangakumbi ngabapostile baKhe. Ngoko ke, ukuba ndonile nakweyiphi kwezi ngongoma, ndiya kuvuma ngokuzithoba okukhulu ukuba ndilungiswe, nakukufa, ukuba kufuneka kunjalo; kuthi ke ukuba ndinokusebenza ngokwentando yam okanye ndinqwena ngokwam, ndiya kuzinikela ngokuqinisekileyo phambi kwebhishophu yaseRoma; kodwa iNkosi indivelele ngokuchaseneyo nokul, yandifundisa ukuba ndithobele uThixo kunabantu.”IE18 83.3

Ekupheleni wathi: “Masithandaze kuThixo wethu, kuba amshukumise uPopi Urban VI wethu, esaqala, ukuze athi ekunye nabafundisi bakhe, balandele iNkosi uYesu Kristu ebomini nasekuziphatheni; nokuba baze babafundise abantu ngendlela enempumelelo ukuze bathi, ngokunjalo nabo, babalandele ngokuthembekileyo ekwenzeni oko.” —John Foxe, Acts and Monuments, vol. 3, pp. 49, 50. IE18 83.4

Ngaloo ndlela, uWycliffe wabeka phambi kukaPopi nezikhulu zakhe zabafundisi ubulali nokuthobeka kukaKristu, ebonisa, kungekuko kuphela kodwa kubo boke ubuKristu, umahluko phakathi kwabo neNkosi ababesithi bangabameli baYo.IE18 83.5

Ngoko ke, uWycliffe walindela ngokupheleleyo ukuba ubomi bakhe buya kuba yintlawulo yokunyaniseka kwakhe. Ukumkani, uPopi, noobhishophu bamanyana ukufeza intshabalalo yakhe, kwaza kwabonakala kuqinisekile ukuba kwinyanga ezimbalwa, xa zininzi, uya kusiwa ekutshisweni. Noko kunjalo, isibindi sakhe asizange sishukunyiswe. “Kutheni nithetha ngokufunwa kwesithsaba sokufela ukholo phaya kude?” watsho. “Shumayelani igospile kaKristu koobhishophu abaziphakamisayo, kwaye ukufelukholo akusayi kuze kuniphoxe. Intoni! Ndiphile ndithule?. . . andingekhe! Mayihle intlekele, ndikulindele ukufika kwayo.”— D’ Aubigne, b. 17, ch. 8. IE18 84.1

Ukubonelela kukaThixo kwakusamkhusele umkhonzi waKhe. Umntu owayemi ngisibindi ubomi bakhe bonke ekhusela inyaniso, kwiingozi zemihla ngemihla ebomini bakhe, wayengayikuwa elixhoba lentiyo yeentshaba lazo. UWycliffe akazanga wazama ukuzikhusela, kodwa uYehova wayengumkhuseli wakhe; kwathi ngoku, xa iintshaba zakhe ziqinisekile ngexhoba lazo, isandla sikaThixo samsusela ngaphaya kokuba babe nokufikelela kuye. Ebandleni lakhe laseLutterworth, wathi xa eza kutyisa umthendeleko, wawa, ebethwa lidumbe, kwathi kungekudala waphuma umphefumlo. IE18 84.2

UThixo wayembekele umsebenzi wakheuWycliffe. Wayebeke ilizwi lenyaniso emlonyeni wakhe, wabeka umlindi ukuba amjonge ukuze eli lizwi lifike ebantwini. Ubomi bakhe bakhuselwa, yaza imisebenzi yakhe yandiswa, sada isiseko sabekwa kumsebenzi omkhulu woHlaziyo.IE18 84.3

UWycliffe wayephuma kwimfihlakalo yeXesha lobuMnyama. Abakho ababe ngaphambi kwakhe awayenokwakhela phezu komsebenzi wabo olwakhe uhlelo lohlaziyo. Ekhuliswe njengoYohane umBhaptizi ukuba enze umsebenzi owodwa awuthunyiweyo, wayengumazisi wexesha elitsha. Kanti ke, kuhlelo lwenyaniso awayeyivakalisa, kwakukho ubunye nokuphelela abangazanga bakwazi ukubudlula abaHlaziyi abamlandelayo, abanye babo abangazanga bakwazi ukubufikelela, nakwikhulu leminyaka eyalandelayo. Sasibanzi sinzulu isiseko esabekwayo, siqinile sinyanisile isakhiwo sodonga kangangokuba sasingadingi kwakhiwa ngokutsha ngabo beza emva kwakhe.IE18 84.4

Intshukumo enkulu eyaqalwa nguWycliffe, eyayiza kukhulula isazela nengqiqo, ize ikhulule izizwe ezikade ziqamangeleke kwinqwelo yaseRoma, yayinentsusa eyiBhayibhile. Apha kwakukho iliso lomsinga wentsikelelo, ethe, njengamanzi obomi, yampompoza isihla kwizizukulwana kususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine. UWycliffe wazamkela iziBhalo eziNgcwele ngokholo oluphandle njengesityhilelo sentando kaThixo ephefumlelweyo, kumgangatho owaneleyo wokholo nokwenza. Wayefundiswe ukulihlonela ibandla laseRoma njengegunya elingcwele elingenako ukuphazama, nokuzamkela ngentlonipho engenakubuza iimfundiso namasiko awamiselwayo kwiminyaka eliwaka; kodwa wakushiya konke oku ukuze aphulaphule ilizwi elingcwele likaThixo. Endaweni yokuba kuthethe ibandla ngoPhapha, wavakalisa igunya ekuphela kwalo eliligunya eliyinyaniso, elimele ukuba libe lilizwilikaThixo ethetha ngelizwi laKhe [iBhayibhile]. Akazange anele ukufundisa kuphela ukuba iBhayibhle isisityhilelo esigqibeleleyo sentando kaThixo, kodwa nokuba uMoya Oyingcwele kuphela komchazi wayo, nokuba wonke umntu, ngokufunda iimfundiso zayo, kufuneka azifundele ngokwakhe amakakwenze. Ngaloo ndlela, wazibuyisa iingqondo zabantu kuPopi nebandla wazizisa elizwini likaThixo.IE18 84.5

UWycliffe wayengomnye wabona baHlaziyi bakhulu. Ububanzi bobuchopho, ukucwengeka kwengcinga, ukuzinza kokuma enyanisweni, nesibindi ekuyikhuseleni, babambalwa abalingana naye kwabo bamlandelayo. Ubunyulu bobomi, ukungapheli kokukhuthalela ukufunda nokusebenza, ukungonakali kokuthembeka, nothando olufana nolukaKristu kwakunye nokunyaniseka emsebenzini wakhe, kwaba zimpawu zalowo wokuqala kubaHlaziyi. Oku kwakunjalo nangona kwakukho ubumnyama bengqiqo nenkohlakalo ekuziphatheni kwixesha awavela ngalo.IE18 85.1

Isimilo sikaWycliffe sibubungqina kumandla afundisayo, naguqulayo eziBhalo eziNgcwele. YiBhayibhile eyamenza oko waba kuko. Umzamo wokubamba iinyaniso ezinkulu zesityhilelo unika ukuhlaziyeka namandla kuzo zonke izakhono. Uyenza banzi ingqondo, ukulole ukuqonda, ukuvuthiswe ukuqiqa. Ukufundwa kweBhayibhile kuyayiphakamisa yonke ingqiqo, ukuziva, nokufuna okuhle ngakumbi, ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi isifundo. Kunika uzinzo kwinjongo, umonde, isibindi, nokuqina; kusulungekisa isimilo, kungcwalise umphefumlo. Ukufunda okunenzondelelo, nentlonipho, okuyizisa ingqondo yomfundi ekuhlanganeni ngqo nengqondo engenamda, kuya kunika ihlabathi amadoda anobuchopho obunamandla nanokusebenza kakhulu, kwakunye nomthetho-siseko ophucuke kakhulu, kunoko kwakha wasisiphumo seyona ngqeqesho inesakhono enokunikwa bubuciko bomntu. “Ukutyhila kwamazwi akho,” uthi umdumisi, “kuyakhanyisa; kuqondisa.” Ndumiso 119:130.IE18 85.2

Iimfundiso ezafundiswa nguWycliffe zaqhubeka ixesha ukusasazeka; abalandeli bakhe, ababesaziwa ngokuba ngamaWycliffe namaLollards, abazange banele ukucanda iNgilane, kodwa bathi saa nakwamanye amazwe, bethwele ulwazi lwevangeli. Ngoku, yakuba inkokeli yabo isusiwe, abashumayeli basebenza ngenzondelelo engaphezu kweyangaphambili, zaza izihlwele zathontelana ukuza kuphulaphula iimfundiso zabo. Abanye bamadoda azizihandiba, nomfazi kakumkani ngokwakhe, babephakathi kwabaguqukayo. Kwiindawo ezininzi kwakukho uhlaziyo olungumahluko kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabantu, yathi nemifuziselo yonqulo lwezithixo lobuRoma, yasuswa ezinkonzweni. Kwathi kodwa kungekudala, umoya osisaqhwithi ongenamfesane wentshutshisowagqabhuka ngakwabo bathi banesibindi sokwamkela iBhayibhile njengesikhokelo sabo. Ookumkani bamaNgesi, bezondelele ukuqinisa amagunya abo ngokuzuza inkxaso yeRoma, abazange balibazise ukuthengisa ngabaHlaziyi. Okokuqala kwimbali yeNgilane, ukutshiswa ngokubotshelelwa esibondeni kwenziwa umthetho wokuchasa abafundi begospile. Ukufelukholo kwalandelelana. Abavakalisi benyaniso, benziwa amaxhama okutolwa, bangcungcuthekiswa, bazithululela izikhalo zabo endlebeni kaYehova wemikhosi. Baya bazingelwa njengeentshaba zebandla nabangcatshi kwindawo yonke, baqhubeka beshumayela kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo, befumana inkuseleko ngokwendlela abanokwenza ngayo kumakhaya abahluphekileyo, baze bakholise ukuzimela nasemihadini nasemiqolombeni.IE18 86.1

Seyikho injalo ingqumbo yentshutshiso, ukuchasa okuzolileyo, okuzinikeleyo, nokunomonde ngakwinkohlakalo eyayigquba kwinkolo yonqulo, yaqhubeka iinkulungwane ezinokubalwa. AmaKristu elo xesha lokuqala ayephelele kulwazi olungaphelelanga lwenyaniso, kodwa ayefunde ukulithanda nokulithobela ilizwi likaThixo, aza anyamezela ukuphatheka kakubi ngenxa yalo. Njengabafundi ngemihla yabapostile, baninzi abancama izinto ababe nazo zasemhlabeni ngenxa yomsebenzi kaKristu. Abo bavunyelwayo ukuba bahlale emakhayeni abo, bakuvuyela ukubanika ukhuselo abazalwana babo abagxothiweyo, baza bathi nabo bakugxothwa ukuba bahambe, bakuvuyela ukwamkela ukuba yinxalenye yeqela labalahlelwe ngaphandle. Amawaka, yinyaniso le, ngokoyikiswa yingqumbo yabatshutshisi babo, bayithenga inkululeko yabo yokuncama inkolo yabo, baphuma ekuvalelweni kwabo, benxibe iingubo zabazohlwayayo, ukuba basasaze ukuguquka. Lona inani lalingelincinane—kodwa, phakathi kwabo ayekho amadoda ahloniphekileyo kunye nathobekileyo naphantsi—awabuthwala ubungqina benyaniso kwizisele zemigxobhozo, engoyiki, “kwiinqaba zaseLollard,” naphakathi kongcungcutheko namalangatye, enovuyo kuba ebalwa ngokwabakufaneleyo ukwazi “ubudlelane kwiintlungu zaKhe.”IE18 86.2

Abobupopi basilela ukuyenza intando yabo ngoWycliffe esadla ubomi, yathi nentiyo yabo ayakwazi ukwaneliseka ngexesha umzimba wakhe ulele uthe zole engcwabeni. Ngomthetho weQumrhu laseConstance, sekusemva kwamashumi amane eminyakawafayo, amathamboakhe ombiwa atshiswa esidlangalaleni, lwaza uthuthu lwalahlwa kumlanjana okufuphi. “Lo mlanjana,” uthi umbhali omdala, “uluthwele uthuthu lwakhe, walusa kwiAvon, iAvon yalusa kwiSevern, iSevern yalusa kwiilwandle ezincinane, zaza zona zalusa kulwandlekazi olukhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, uthuthu lukaWycliffe, oluluphawu lwemfundiso yakhe, lusasazelwe kwilizwe lonke ngoku.”-- T. Fuller, Church History of Britain, b. 4, sec. 2, par. 54. Azizange zikuqonde iintshaba zakhe ukubaluleka kwesenzo sazo esinolunya.IE18 87.1

Kwakungenxa yokwabhalwa nguWycliffe okwabangela ukuba uJohn Huss, waseBohemia, azishiye iimposiso zobuRoma angenele umsebenzi wokuba ngumHlaziyi. Ngoko ke, kwezi nkulungwane zimbini, nezahlukene ngokubanzi, imbewu yenyaniso yahlwayelwa. Iingqondo zabantu zakhokelelwa kwilizwi likaThixo elalityalwa kudala. Isandla esingcwele sasilungisa indlela yoHlaziyo oluKhulu.IE18 87.2