12—Uhlaziyo Lwasefrance

INkcaso yaseSpires noVumo lwaseAugsburg, olwaphawula uloyiso loHlaziyo eJamani, lwalandelwa yiminyaka yongquzulwano nobumnyama. Buqotywe amandla yiyantlukwano phakathi kwabaxhasi, bukwahlaselwa ziintshaba ezinamandla, ubuProtestanti babonakala ngathi bujongene nokutshabalala buphele. Amawaka abutywina ubungqina bawo ngegazi lawo. Kwagqabhuka imfazwe yobukhaya; umsebenzi wobuProtestanti wangcatshwa ngomnye wabaphambili kuwo; ezona nkosana zinendili zawa ezandleni zikakumkani zaza zasiwa ekuthinjweni zirhuqelwa kwiidolophu ngeedolophu. Kuthe kodwa ngexesha kanye kubonakala ngathi uyoyisa, ukumkani wabethwa woyiswa. Walibona ixhoba lihluthwa ezandleni zakhe, waza wanyanzeleka ukuba, ekugqibeleni, azinyamezele iimfundiso ekwakulibhongo lobomi bakhe ukuzitshabalalisa. Wayebeke ubukumkani bakhe, indyebo yakhe, kwanobomi bakhe ekunyhasheni ulahlekiso. Ngoku wayibona imikhosi yakhe iqotywa yimfazwe, indyebo yakhe iphela, izikumkani zakhe zijongene novukelo, lo gama, kuyo yonke indawo, inkolo awazama ngelize ukuyicinezela, yayinaba. UCharles V wayesilwa negunya elinamandla wonke. UThixo wayethe, “Makubekho ukukhanya,” kodwa ukumkani wazama ukugcina ubumnyama bungaphelanga. Iinjongo zakhe zawa phantsi; wathi engekagugi, eqotywe kukulwa okude, wasuka esihlalweni wazifihla engontsini waphila ubomi bobulolo.IE18 191.1

ESwitzerland, njengaseJamani, kwafika imihla yobumnyama kuHlaziyo. Nangonakwizithiliezininziyamkelekainkoloehlaziyiweyo, ezinye zabambelela ngokuzimisela obumfamekileyo kwinkolo yaseRoma. Ukutshutshisa kwazo abo babelangazelela ukwamkela inyaniso, ekugqibeleni, kwafikelela kwimfazwe yobukhaya. UZwingli nabaninzi ababezimanye naye ekuhlaziyeni bawa kwithafa legazi laseCappel. U-Ukhulapado, ngokoyiswa zezi ntlekele zoyikekayo, wakhawuleza wafa emva koko. IRoma yayisoyisa, yathi kwiindawo ezininzi yabonakala ingathi iyakuzuza konke eyayilahlekwe kuko. Noko kunjalo, Lowo umacebo aKhe asuka kunaphakade, wayengawushiyanga umsebenzi waKhe okanye abantu baKhe. Isandla saKhe sasiza kubazisela ukuhlangulwa. Kwamanye amazwe wayevuse abasebenzi ukuba baluqhubele phambili uhlaziyo.IE18 191.2

EFrance, kwangaphambi kokuba kuviwe ngegama likaLutere njengomHlaziyi, imini yayisele iqalile ukuthi qheke. Omnye wabokuqala ukukubamba ukukhanya yingwevu uLefevre, indoda eyayifunde kakhulu, iprofesa kwiyunivesithi yaseParis, umpopi onyanisekileyo nonenzondelelo. Ekuphengululeni kwakhe kuncwadi lwakudala, ingqalelo yakhe yakhokelelwa eBhayibhileni, waza wakungenisa ukufundwa kwayo phakathi kwabafundi bakhe.IE18 192.1

ULefevre wayenothando lwabangcwele olunentshiseko, kwaye wayeqale ukulungisa imbali yeengcwele nabafelukholo, njengoko ikwiimbali zebandla. Lo msebenzi wawumkhulu; kodwa wayesele enenkqubela ebonakalayo kuwo, ngexesha, ngokucinga ukuba angafumana nto inokuba luncedo eBhayibhileni, waqala ukuyifunda ngale njongo. Kuyo, ngokwenene, wafumana abangcwele beveziwe, kodwa ingengabo abo babevezwe kwikhalenda yaseRoma. Umsinga wokukhanya okukhulu wathi qheke engqondweni yakhe. Emangalisiwe, ekwadanile, wawuyeka umsebenzi abezinyulele wona wazinikela elizwini likaThixo. Wakhawuleza wazifundisa iinyaniso ezinexabiso awazifumana apho. IE18 192.2

Ngowe-1512, ngaphambi kokuba uLutere okanye uZwingli bawuqale umsebenzi wokuhlaziya, uLefevre wayebhale wathi: “NguThixo osinika ukholo, obo bulungisa obuthi, ngobabalo kuphela, bunike isizathu sobomi obungunaphakade.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 1. Ngokuhlala kwiimfihlakalo zokuhlangulwa, wadanduluka, wathi: Owu, ubukhulu obungathethekiyo bolo lwananisano,-- Ongenasono uyagwetywa, aze athi lowo unetyala akhululwe; iNtsikelelo ithwala isiqalekiso, aze athi oqalekisiweyo aziswe kwintsikelelo; uBomi buyafa, aze ofileyo aphile; uZuko loyiswa bubumnyama, aze athi lowo ungazi nto ngaphandle kwembonakalo yesiphithiphithi ambathiswe uzuko.”-- D'Aubigne, London ed., b.12, ch. 2.IE18 192.3

Kanti ke, ngeli xesha afundisa ukuba uzuko lolukaThixo kuphela, wayekwavakalisa ukuba uxanduva lokuthobela lolomntu. “Ukuba ulilungu lebandla likaKristu,” watsho, “ulilungu lomzimba waKhe; ukuba ungumzimba waKhe, ngoko uzele yindalo engcwele. . . . Owu, ukuba abantu bebengafika ekuliqondeni eli lungelo, indlela enyulu, esulungekileyo, nengcwele abebeya kuphila ngayo, nendlela edelekileyo, xa ithelekiswa nozuko olungaphakathi kwabo,--olo zuko lungenako ukubonwa ngeliso lenyama,--bebengacinga ngalo lonke uzuko lwalo mhlaba’’-- D'Aubigne, b. 12, ch. 2.IE18 192.4

Babakho abanye phakathi kwabafundi bakaLefevre abawaphulaphula ngenzondelelo amazwi akhe, nabathi, sekukudala ilizwi letitshala yabo lathulayo, baqhubeka beyivakalisa inyaniso. Wayenjalo uWilliam Farel. Ezalwa ngabazali ababemoyika uThixo, efundiswe ukwamkela ngokholo olungathandabuzekiyo iimfundiso zebandla, wayenokuthi, nompostile uPawulos, xa athetha ngesiqu sakhe: “Ngelona licokisekileyo ihlelo lonqulo lwakowethu, ndahlala ndingumFarisi.” IZenzo 26:5. UmRoma ozinikeleyo, watshiseka yinzondelelo yokutshabalalisa bonke ababeya kuba nesibindi sokuchasa ibandla. “Ndandibatshixizela amazinyo njengengcuka enomsindo,” watsho kamva, ebhekisa kweli xesha ebomini bakhe, “ndakuva nabani ethetha ngokuchasene nooPopi.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 2. Wayengadinwa kukunqula abangcwele, ehamba noLefevre ukujikeleza kumabandla aseParis, benqula kwizibingelelo, behombisa ngezipho iindawo ezingcwele. Noko kunjalo, konke oku kukhonza akuzange kuluzise uxolo emphefumlweni. Ingqondo yokuba nesono yabopheleleka phezu kwakhe, yathi yonke imisebenzi yokuzivuma awayeyenza yasilela ukuzisusa. Waba ngathi uva ilizwi elivela ezulwini, xa wayephulaphule amazwi omHlaziyi:“Usindiso lungobabalo.” “Omsulwa ugwetyiwe, owaphule umthetho wakhululwa.” “Ngumnqamlezo kaKristu kuphela ovula amasango ezulu, uze uvale amasango esihogo.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 2.IE18 193.1

UFarel wayamkela ngovuyo inyaniso. Ngenguquko efana nekaPawulos, wajika kubukhoboka besithethe waya kwinkululeko yoonyana bakaThixo. “Endaweni yentliziyo ebulalayo yengcuka eqwengayo,” waya wabuya, utsho, “ngokuzola ngokwemvana enobulali engenabungozi, intliziyo yakhe ibuyiswe ngokupheleleyo kuPopi yanikelwa kuYesu Kristu.”--D'Aubigne, b. 12, ch. 3. IE18 193.2

Ngexesha uLefevre wayeqhubeka nokusasaza ukukhanya phakathi kwabafundi bakhe, uFarel, ngenzondelelo emsebenzini kaKristu njengoko wayenjalo kokaPopi, wahamba ukuya kuvakalisa inyaniso esidlangalaleni. Isikhulu sebandla, ibhishophu yaseMeaux, yazihlanganisa nabo kungekudala. Ezinye iititshala ezaziphezulu ngesakhono nokufunda, zazimanya ekuvakaliseni igospile, kwaza oko kwazuza abaxhasi bazo zonke iindidi, kususela kumakhaya abanobuchule nabasebenzi bemihlaba kuse kwibhotwe likakumkani. Udade boFrancis I, owayeyikumkani eyayilawula ngelo xesha, wayamkela inkolo ehlaziyiweyo. Ukumkani yena, nekumkanikazi engunina, okomzuzu babonakala beyithanda, kwaza kwathi, ngethemba elikhulu, abaHlaziyi bakhangela kwixesha xa iFrance yayiya kuzuzelwa igospile. IE18 193.3

Noko kunjalo, amathemba abo awazange afezekiswe. Ukulingwa nentshutshiso zazibalindele abafundi bakaKristu. Oku, phofu, ngenceba, kwakufihliwe emehlweni abo. Kwangenelela ixesha loxolo, ukuze bakwazi ukuzuza amandla okuqubisana noqhwithelo; lwaza uHlaziyo lwakhawuleza ukubheka phambili. Ubhishophu yaseMeaux wasebenza ngenzondelelo kwisithili sayo ukufundisa bonke abafundisi nabantu. Ababingeleli abangazi nto nabaziphethe kakubi basuswa, kwathi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, endaweni yabo kwabekwa abanye abantu abafundileyo nabamoyikayo uThixo. Ubhishophu wayelangazelela ukuba abantu bakhe babe nokulifumana ilizwi likaThixo ngokwabo, kwaza oku kwakhawuleza ukwenzeka. ULefevre wenza umsebenzi wokuguqula iTestamente eNtsha; kwathi kanye ngeli xesha kanye kuphuma ekushicilelweni iBhayibhile yesiJamani kaLutere kwabe kusasazwa iTestamente eNtsha yesiFrentshi eMeaux. Ubhishophu wachitha umsebenzi nemali ukuyisasaza kumarhamente akhe, kwathi kwangoko, abemi baseMeaux banazo iziBhalo Ezingcwele.IE18 194.1

Njengabahambi abafa lunxano besamkela ngovuyo amanzi aphilileyo omthombo, yenza njalo imiphefumlo ukwamkela isigidimi sezulu. Abasebenzi emasimini, abasebenzi kwimizi yentsebenzo, bawonwabela umsebenzi onzima wemihla ngemihla ngokuthetha ngeenyaniso eziligugu zeBhayibhile. Ngokuhlwa, kunokubhenela kwizindlu zokusela, babehlangana kwelinye lamakhaya bafunde ilizwi likaThixo baze bathandaze badumise kunye. Kwabakho inguqu enkulu eyabonakalayo kwezi ndawo kuhlalwa kuzo. Nangona babekolona ludidi luthobekileyo, abahlali basemakhaya abangafundanga nabasebenza nzima, amandla aphakamisayo obabalo abonakala ebomini babo. Bethobekile, benothando, bengcwele, bema bangamangqina ento enokwenziwa yigospile kwabo bayamkela ngokunyanisekileyo.IE18 194.2

Ukukhanya okwakhanyiswa eMeaux kwayiphosa imitha yako kude. Yonke imihla inani labaguqukayo laya likhula. Ingqumbo yabaphezulu okwexesha yabanjwa ngukumkani, nowayengakuthandi ukuba neenkani okungekho ntweni kweemonks; kodwa ke ekugqibeleni iinkokeli zobupopi zaya zoyisa. Ngeli xesha, laya lamiswa iqonga lokutshisa. Ubhishophu waseMeaux, enyanzelekile ukuba akhethe phakathi komlilo nokurhoxa, wamkela indlela elula; kodwa, nangona inkokeli yayiwile, umhlambi wahlala umi ngokuqinileyo. Abaninzi bayingqinela inyaniso phakathi kwamalangatye. Ngesibindi nokunyaniseka kwawo emlilweni, la maKristu athobekileyo athetha kumawaka awayengazanga athi, ngemihla yoxolo, abuve ubungqina bawo.IE18 194.3

Yayingengabo kuphela abo bathobekileyo nabangamahlwempu abathi, phakathi kobunzima nokugxekwa bakwazi ukungqina ngoKristu. Kumagumbi amakhulu amahle eenqaba namabhotwe yayikho imiphefumlo efanele iinkosi eyathi yayixabisa inyaniso ngaphezu kobutyebi, okanye inqanaba lobomi. Izixhobo zobukhosi zazifihle umoya ophakame nozinze kakhulu kunesambatho nomnqwazi wobubhishophu. ULouis de Berquin wayezalwa zizikhulu. Iqhawe elaliligorha elikwalinene, wayezinikele ekufundeni, nesimilo esisulungekileyo, nokuziphatha okungenachaphaza. Uthi obhalayo, “wayengumlandeli omkhulu wemigaqo-siseko yobupopi, nomphulaphuli omkhulu wezihlweleneentshumayelo; . . . waza wabeka encotsheni yako konke okunye okuhle ngaye ngokubamba iimfundisozobuLutere ngentiyo ekhethekileyo.”Phofu, njengabanye abaninzi, ngokukhokelelwa kukubonelela kukaThixo eBhayibhileni, wakhwankqiswa kukufumana apho, hayi iimfundiso zaseRoma, kodwa iimfundiso zikaLutere.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9. Ukususela ngoko, wazinikela ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini wegospile.IE18 195.1

“Eyona ifundileyo kumadoda anendili aseFrance, “ubuchopho nobuciko bakhe, isibindi sakhe esingenakoyiswa, nenzondelelo enobugorha, kunye nefuthe lakhe enkundleni,--kuba wayethandwa kakhulu ngukumkani,--konke kwamenza ukuba abonwe ngabaninzi njengowayemele ukuba ngumHlaziyi welizwe lakhe. Wathi uBeza: “UBerquin wayeya kuba nguLutere wesibini ukuba wayefumene uMnyuli wesibini kuFrancis I.” “Mbi kakhulu kunoLutere,” bakhala batsho abobupopi.-- Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9. Wayesoyikwa kakhulu ngabobuRoma baseFrance. Bamphosa entolongweni njengomlahlekisi, kodwa wakhululwa ngukumkani. Kwaba yiminyaka kuqhubeka ukulwa. UFrancis, eliwexuwexu phakathi kweRoma noHlaziyo, ephuma engena phakathi kokuyinyamezela nokuyicinezela inzondelelo eyoyikekayo yeemonks. UBerquin wavalelwa kathathu entolongweni ngamagunya obupopi, kodwa athi rhoqo ukukhululwa ngukumkani, owathi, ngokuthanda ubuchopho bakhe nesimilo sakhe esinendili, wala ukumyekela kwinkohlakalo yabaphathi.IE18 195.2

UBerquin wayelunyukiswa rhoqo ngengozi eyayimzela eFrance, ekwakhuthazwa ukuba alandele amanyathelo abo baba nokufusinda ngokuziyela ngokwabo ekubhaceni. Iphakuphaku elalingumfundi, uErasmus, owathi, enabo bonke ubuhle bengqondo yemfundo, wasilela kubukhulu bokuziphatha obugcina ubomi nembeko bungaphantsi kwenyaniso, wambhalela uBerquin esithi: “Cela ukuba uthunyelwe njengommeli welizwe kwilizwe langaphandle; yiya uhambele eJamani. Uyamazi umntu ofana noBeda—usisilo esintloko ziliwaka, esitsawula ubuhlungu macal’ onke. Iintshaba zakho zibizwa ngokuba ngumkhosi. Ukuba umsebenzi wakho ubungcono kunalowo kaYesu Kristu, bebengayi kukuyeka uhambe bade babe bakubulale ngendlela embi. Musa ukuthembela kakhulu kukhuselo lukakumkani. Kuko konke okwenzekayo, ungandiyekeli nesebe lokufunda ngoThixo.”-- Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.IE18 195.3

Zathi xa iingozi zisiba ngqingqwa, inzondelelo kaBerquin yaya iqina. Ngokwasekwamkeleni icebiso lopolitiko nokuzikhonza kukaErasmus, wazimisela ukuthabatha amanyathelo aqine ngaphezulu. Wayengazikwanela ukumela ukukhusela inyaniso kuphela, kodwa wayeza kuhlasela nemposiso. Isityholo solahlekiso awayezama ukumqamangela ngaso amaRoma, wayeza kusibethelela kuwo. Abona bashushu nabakrakra kubachasi bakhe, yayingoogqirha neemonks abafunde kakhulu besebe lokufunda ngokwazi ngoThixo kwiyunivesithi enkulu yaseParis, elinye lamagunya angawona aphezulu asenkonzweni esixekweni nasesizweni. Kuncwadi lwaba gqirha, uBerquin wakhupha iindawo ezilishumi elinambini awavakalisa ekuhleni ukuba “zichasene neBhayibhile” kwaye zinolahlekiso;” waza wabhenela kukumkani ukuba abe ngumgwebi kwimbambano.IE18 196.1

Ukumkani, engakuchasanga ukuthelekisa amandla nobuqili beentshatsheli ezichasayo, ekwavuya ngenxa yethuba lokuliphoxa ikratshi lezi monks ziziphakamisileyo, wayalela abobuRoma ukuba bawukhusele umsebenzi wabo ngeBhayibhile. Esi sixhobo, babesazi kakuhle, ukuba asisayi kuze sibancede kangako; ukuvalela entolongweni, ukuthuthumbisa, nokutshisa yayizizixhobo ababekwazi ngcono ukuziphakamisa. Ngoku, izinto zazijikile, baza bazibona beza kuwela kumhadi ababethembe ukufaka kuwo uBerquin. Bemangalisiwe, bakhangela apho phakathi kwabo indlela yokuphuncuka.IE18 196.2

“Kuthe kanye ngelo xesha, konakaliswa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMariya ‘Ongcwele’ kwenye imbombo yesitrato.” Kwabakho ingxwabangxwaba enkulu esixekweni. Iinginginya zabantu zabuthelana kuloo ndawo, zibonakalalisa usizi nengqumbo. Ukumkani naye wachukumiseka kakhulu. Eli yayilithuba elihle lokusetyenziswa ngoonongendi, zaza zakhawuleza ukulithabatha. “Ezi ziziphumo zeemfundiso zikaBerquin,” zatsho. Yonke into iza kubhukuqwa—inkolo, imithetho, netrone ngokwayo—leli yelenqe lamaLutere.”-- Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.IE18 196.3

Waphinda wabanjwa uBerquin. Ukumkani wasuka eParis, zaza iimonks zashiywa zikhululekile ukuba zenze intando yazo. UmHlaziyi waxoxawaza wagwetyelwa ukufa, kwaza kwathiwa, kungenzeka ukubauFrancis angangenelela ukuba amsindise, ngoko ke, isigwebo kufuneka siphunyezwekwangayo loomini sasiwiswe ngayo. Emini emaqanda uBerquin wasiwa kwindawo yokufa. Inyambalala enkulu yabantu yahlangana ukuba isibone esi siganeko, baza baba baninzi abakubona bemangalisiwe nokukrokra ukuba ixhoba likhethwe kwezona ntsapho zilungileyo nezinesibindi kakhulu zaseFrance. Ukukhwankqiswa, ingqumbo, ukugxeka, nentiyo ekrakra yabufiphalisa ubuso beso sixuku sasisiya sikhula; kodwa kubuso obunye lalingekho ithunzi. Iingcinga zofelukholo zazikude kuloo mbono wesiphithiphithi; wayebona kuphela ubukho beNkosi.IE18 197.1

Inqwelo embi awayekhweliswe kuyo, ubuso obunyevuleyo babatshutshisi bakhe, ukufa okoyikekayo awayesiya kuko--zizinto angazange azihoye; Lowo wayephilile kodwa wayefile, nophilayo kuse ephakadeni, onazo izitshixo zokufa nezesihogo, wayesecaleni kwakhe. Imbonakalo kaBerquin yayibengezela kukukhanya noxolo lwezulu. Wayenxibe impahla entle, ambathe “ingubo ende yevelvethi, efake ibhatyi yesatin nelaphu elimenyezelayo, neekawusi ezibugolide.”--D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 2, ch. 16. Wayeza kungqina ngenkolo yakhe phambi koKumkani wookumkani neyunivesi ebukeleyo, kungekho mqondiso wakulila ekwakufuneka uluphoxe uvuyo lwakhe.IE18 197.2

Wathi xa umngcelele uhamba ngokucotha unqumla izitrato ezazixinene, abantu baphawula, bemangalisiwe, uxolo olungafihlakalanga, nolonwabo loloyiso, kwinkangeleko nokuziphatha kwakhe. Baya bathi, “Ufana nohleli etempileni, ecamngca ngezinto ezingcwele.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.IE18 197.3

Uthe esibondeni sokutshiswa, uBerquin wazama ukubhekisa amazwi ebantwini; kodwa iimonks, ngokoyika isiphumo, zaqala zakhwaza, amasoldati ajiwuza izikhali zawo, yathi ingxolo yabo yaligquma ilizwi lofelukholo. Ngoko ke, ngowe-1529 elona gunya lifundileyo nelenkonzo kwiParis echubekileyo, “labekela uluntu lowe-1793 umzekelo ophantsi wokuwafuthanisela amazwi abangcwele abafayo phezu kweqonga lomlilo.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.IE18 197.4

UBerquin warhuqwa, umzimba wakhewadliwangamalangatye. Iindaba zokufa kwakhe zaba buhlungu kubahlobo bakhe boHlaziyo kuyo yonke iFrance. Wona umzekelo wakhe wawungalahlekanga. “Nathi sikulungele,” atsho amangqina enyaniso, “ukuhlangana nokufa sonwabile, siwamilisele amehlo ethu kubomi obuzayo.” D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 2, ch. 16.IE18 197.5

Ngexesha lentshutshiso yaseMeaux, iititshala zenkolo ehlaziyiweyo zazivinjwa imvume yokushumayela, zaza zasuka zaya kwezinye iindawo. Emva kwexesha, uLefevre waya eJamani. UFarel wabuyela kwidolophu yokuzalwa kwakhe kwimpuma yeFrance, ukuya kusasaza ukukhanya kwikhaya lobuntwana bakhe. Zazisele zifikile iindaba zoko kwakuqhubeka eMeaux, nenyaniso, awayeyifundisa ngenzondelelo engenaloyiko, yanikwa iindlebe. Kungekudala, amagunya avuka ukuba amthulise, waza wagxothwa esixekweni. Nangona wayengasasebenzi esidlangalaleni, wawatyhutyha amathafa neelali, efundisa emakhayeni nakumadlelo asecaleni, efumana indawo ekhuselekileyo emahlathini nakwimiqolomba yamawa awayeziindawo awayehamba kuzo ebuntwaneni bakhe. UThixo wayemlungiselela izilingo ezikhulu. “Iminqamlezo, iintshutshiso, nokuceba kukaSathana, endaxelelwa ngako kwangaphambili, zizinto ezazingaswelekanga,” watsho; “zinkulu kakhulu ukuba mna ndingakwazi ukuzithwala ngokwam; kodwa uThixo nguBawo; undinikile, kwaye uya kuhlala endinika amandla endiwafunayo.” --D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, b. 12, ch. 9.IE18 198.1

Njengakwimihla yabapostile, intshutshiso “[yabetha] kwakukona zihambayo iindaba ezilungileyo.” Filipi 1:12. Bakuba begxothiwe eParis naseMeaux, “bona ke ngoko ababeziintsali batyhutyha ilizwe beshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo.” IZenzo 8:4. Ngaloo ndlela ukukhanya kwayifumana indlela yokungena kwimimandla ekude yaseFrance.IE18 198.2

UThixo wayesabalungisa abasebenzi bokuhambisela phambili umsebenzi waKhe. Kwesinye sezikolo zaseParis, kwakukho indodana eyayicinga kakhulu, izolile, eyayisele ibonisa ukuba namandla nengqondo enzulu, ibonakala ingenakusoleka ebomini bayo kwakunye nobushushu nokuzinikela enkolweni. Ubuchopho nokuzinikela kwayo kwangoko kwayenza ukuba ibe ligugu lekholeji, kwazakwalindeleka, ngethemba elikhulu, ukuba uJohnCalvin wayeza kuba ngomnye wabona bakhuseli bebandla abanesakhono nabahloniphekileyo. Kwathi kunjalo, umtha wokukhanya kwezulu wagqobhoza kwiindonga zobufundiswa neenkolelo awayevalelwe kuzo uCalvin. Waya weva ngeemfundiso ezintsha wangcangcazela, engathandabuzi ukuba abalahlekisi babefanelwe ngumlilo ababenikwa wona. Waya wathi engaqondanga waqubisana nolahlekiso waza wanyanzeleka ukuba awavavanye amandla emfundo ngoThixo yobuRoma ekulweni imfundiso yobuProstestanti.IE18 198.3

Umzala kaCalvin, owayezimanye nabaHlaziyi, wayeseParis. Aba bazalanayo babini babekholisa ukuhlangana baxoxe kunye imicimbi eyayiphazamisa ubuKristu. “Zimbini kuphela iinkolo emhlabeni,” watsho uOlivetan, umProtestanti. “Enye yeenkolo yeyabo bantu bazenzelayo, ekuthi kuyo umntu azisindise ngeenkonzo nemisebenzi elungileyo; enye yinkolo etyhilwe eBhayibhileni, efundisa umntu ukuba alukhangele usindiso kuphela kubabalo lwesisa lukaThixo.”IE18 199.1

Andifuni kuva nto ngeemfundiso zenu ezintsha,” wakhalima watsho uCalvin; “nicinga kuba ndiphile phantsi kwemposiso bonke ubomi bam?”-- “Wylie, b. 13, ch. 7.IE18 199.2

Zona iingcinga zavuka engqondweni yakhe awayengakwazi ukuzigxotha. Eyedwa egumbini lakhe, wawajikajika amazwi kamzala wakhe. Ukuthinjwa sisono kwabetheleleka phezu kwakhe; wazibona, engenamthetheleli, ephambi koMgwebi ongcwele nolilungisa. Ukuthethelela kwabangcwele, imisebenzi elungileyo, iinkonzo zebandla, zizonke zazingenawo amandla okucamagushela isono. Wayengaboni nto phambi kwakhe ngaphandle kobumnyama obungenasiphelo bokuphelelwa lithemba. Kwaba lilize ukuzama koogqirha bebandla ukumkhulula kwisikhalo sakhe. Ukuzivuma, izono nokuzohlwaya, kwabhenelwa kuko ngelize; akuzange kukwazi ukuwuxolelanisa noThixo umphefumlo wakhe. IE18 199.3

Ngexesha wayephakathi kwaloo mizamo ingenasiqhamo, uCalvin, ngenye imini, ezinike ithuba lokuya kwindawo yokuhlangana ephangaleleyo, wabona apho ukutshiswa komlahlekisi. Waya wamangaliswa kukubonakala koxolo ebusweni balowo wayefelukholo. Phakathi kokuthuthunjiswa koko kufa koyikekayo, naphantsi kwesona sigwebo sibi sebandla, wabonakalalisa ukholo nesibindi awathi lo mfundi uselula wakuthelekisa nokwakhe ukuphelelwa lithemba nobumnyama, nangona ephila ngokulithobela okungqongqo ibandla. Wayesazi ukuba abalahlekisi balibeke eBhayibhileni ukholo lwabo. Wazimisela ukuba uza kuyifunda, afumane, ukuba unako, imfihlelo yovuyo lwabo.IE18 199.4

EBhayibhileni wamfumana uKristu. “Owu Bawo,” wakhala, “umbingelelo wakhe uwuxolisile umsindo waKho; igazi laKhe libuhlambile ubunyhukunyhuku bam; umnqamlezo wakhe usithwele isiqalekiso sam; ukufa kwaKhe kundicamagushele. Sazenzela ubuyatha obuninzi obungenamsebenzi, kodwa Wena ubeke ilizwi laKho phambi kwam njengesibane, wayichukumisa intliziyo yam, ukuze ndikuthiye konke okunye okuhle ngaphandle koko kukaYesu.”--Martyn, vol. 3, ch. 13.IE18 199.5

UCalvin wayefundiselwe ububingeleli. Wathi eseneshumi elinesibini leminyaka ubudala wanyulelwa ukuba abe ngumfundisi webandla elincinane, yaza intloko yakhe yachetywa ngokomgaqo-siseko weCawa ngubhishophu. Akazange angcwaliswe, engazange ayizalise imisebenzi yombingeleli, kodwa waba lilungu lesifundisi, ebambe isihlonipho sesikhundla sakhe, esamkela isibonelelo esihambelana naso.IE18 200.1

Ngoku, esiva ukuba akangeke abe ngumbingeleli, wajika okwexesha wabuyela ezifundweni zomthetho, kodwa, ekugqibeleni wayilahla le njongo wazimisela ukunikela ubomi bakhe kwigospile. Wakha wakulibazisa ukuba yititshala yasesidlangalaleni. Ngokwendalo, wayenako ukundweba, waza wazaliswa yingqondo yomthwalo onzima wesikhundla, walangazelela ukuqhubeka nokuzinikela ekufundeni. Ukucenga okwakuzingisile kwabahlobo bakhe, phofu, ekugqibeleni kwamenza wavuma. “Kuyamangalisa,” watsho,” ukuba umntu ozelwe phantsi ngolo hlobo aphakanyiswelwe kwimbeko enkulu ngolo hlobo.” --Wylie, b. 13, ch. 9.IE18 200.2

UCalvin wawungena ngokuzolileyo umsebenzi wakhe, aza amazwi akhe awa njengombethe ohlaziya umhlaba. Wayeyishiyile iParis, wangena kwidolophu yesithili ephantsi kwenkosazana uMargaret, owathi, ngokuyithanda igospile,wabanikaukhuselo abalandeli bayo. UCalvin wayeselula, engonobubele nolulamileyo, ngokwenkangeleko. Umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngabantu emakhayeni abo. Wayesithi, ejikelezwe lusapho, afunde iBhayibhile azichaze iinyaniso zosindiso. Abo babemphulaphula bazithwalela kwabanye iindaba ezilungileyo, kwathi kungekudala, ititshala yadlulela ngaphaya kwesixeko yaya kwiidolophu needolophana ezikude nesixeko. Wayengena kumabhotwe nakwizindlwana, ebheka phambili, ebeka isiseko kumabandla awayeza kunika ubungqina, engoyiki, kwinyaniso.IE18 200.3

Kwaba ziinyanga ezimbalwa, wabuyela kwakhona eParis. Kwakukho ukuyaluzela okungaqhelekanga apho phakathi kwemadoda afundileyo nabafundi. Isifundo zeelwimi zakudala zakhokelela amadoda eBhayibhileni, baza abaninzi abantliziyo zabo zazingachukunyiswanga ziinyaniso zayo bazixoxa ngenzondelelo bada balwa nabamele ubuRoma. UCalvin, nangona wayekwazi ukulwa kwezi ndawo zembambano ngokufunda ngoThixo, wayenomsebenzi ongaphezulu ekwakufuneka ewenzile kunezi ngxolo zamadoda emfundo. Iingqondo zabantu zaphazamiseka, kwaye ngoku yayilixesha lokubavulela inyaniso. Lo gama iiholo zeyunivesithi zazizaliswe yingxolo yempikiswano yemfundo engoThixo, uCalvin wayengena kwizindlu ngezindlu, evulela abantu iBhayibhile, ethetha nabo ngoKristu nokubethelelwa kwaKhe emnqamlezweni.IE18 200.4

Ngokubonelela kukaThixo, iParis yayiza kufumana esinye isimemo sokwamkela igospile. Ubizo lukaLefevre noFarel lwalaliwe, kodwa kwakhona isigidimi sasiza kuviwa zizo zonke iindidi kweso sixeko sikhulu esiyintloko. Ukumkani, enengxaki yezopolitiko, wayengekayami ngokupheleleyo neRoma ukuchasa uHlaziyo. UMargaret waye esabambelele kwithemba lokuba ubuProtestanti babuza koyisa eFrance. Wagqiba kwelokuba inkolo yohlaziyo ishunyayelwe eParis. Ngexesha lokungabikho kukakumkani, wayalela ukuba umfundisi womProtestanti ashumayele emabandleni esixeko. Kwathi kwakwaliwa oku zizikhulu zobupopi, inkosazana yalivula ibhotwe. Kongezwa igumbi ukuba libe yinkonzwana, kwaza kwaziswa ukuba yonke imihla, ngexesha elimisiweyo, kuyakubakhointshumayelo, baye abantu bawo onkeamanqanaba nemisebenzibemenyiweukuba babekho. Izihlwele zabuthelana kulo nkonzo. Akuzange kuphelele kuloo nkonzwana, kodwa neeveranda neeholo zaxinana. Amawaka ahlangana yonke imihla--izikhakhamela, abaphathi bezwe, abomthetho, abamashishini, nabasebenzi abohlukeneyo. Ukumkani, endaweni yokuba ayalele imihlangano, wayalela ukuba iinkonzo ezimbini zaseParis zivulwe. Ayizange yabakho intshukumo engako esixekweni ngenxa yelizwi likaThixo. Umoya wobomi ovela ezulwini waba ngathi uphefumlelwe phezu kwabantu. Ubungcathu, ubunyulu, ucwangco, nokukhuthala kwathabatha indawo yokunxila, ukurheletya, ukulwa nokungenzi nto. IE18 201.1

Abaphathi bebandla bona babengalelanga. Esakulandula ukumkani ukungenelela ukunqanda ukushumayela, basuka baya ebantwini. Abazange bayeke nanye into ekuxhokonxeni uloyiko, intiyo nokutshiseka kwabangazi nto nesihlwele esineenkolelo. Ngokuziyekela kwiititshala zayo zobuxoki, iParis, njengeYerusalem yakudala, ayizange ilazi ixesha lokuhanjelwa kwayo, kwanezinto ezizezoxolo lwayo. Kwaba yiminyaka emibini ilizwi likaThixo lishunyayelwa kwisixeko esiyintloko; kodwa, nangona baba baninzi abazamkelayo iindaba ezilungileyo, uninzi lwabantu lwazala. UFrancis wabonisa ukunyamezela, nje kuba efuna ukufeza ezakhe iinjongo, baza abobupopi baphumelela ukunyukela phezulu. Zaphinda zavalwa iinkonzo, lamiswa iqonga lokutshisa.IE18 201.2

UCalvin wayeseParis, ezilungiselela umsebenzi owawuphambi kwakhe ngokufunda, ngokucamngca, nangokuthandaza. Ekugqibeleni, kodwa, ukukrokreleka kwaba phezu kwakhe. Amagunya azimisela ukumsa emalangatyeni. Ezithabatha ngokuthi ukhuselekile ekuzinxwemeni kwakhe, wayengacingi ngengozi, xa abahlobo befika bengxamile egumbini lakhe besithi amagosa asendleleni esiza kumbamba. Ngaloo mzuzu kwavakala ukunkqonkqoza okukhulu kwisango elingaphandle. Akuzange kuphele nomzuzu. Abanye babahlobo bakhe bawalibazisa emnyango amagosa, lo gama abanye bemnceda ngokumkhupha ngefestile umHlaziyi, waza wabaleka waya kufika kwimida yesixeko. Wafumana indawo yokusithela kwindlwana yomsebenzi owayengumhlobo wohlaziyo, wazifihla ngokunxiba impahla yomninindlu, waza, wathi ethwele igaba, waluqala uhambo lwakhe. Wabheka ngakumazantsi, wafumana indawo yokuphephela apho kwakulawula khona uMargaret. (Bona kuD'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 2, ch. 30.)IE18 202.1

Wahlala apha iinyanga ezimbalwa, ekhuselekile phantsi kwenkuselo yabahlobo abanamandla, efunda njengaphambili. Intliziyo yakhe yona yayimile ekuvangeleni iFrance, waza akakwazi ukuhlala engenzi nto ixesha elide. Ngako nje ukuba luthothe uqhwithela, wafuna indawo entsha yokusebenza ePoitiers, apho kwakukho iyunivesithi, nalapho iimbono ezintsha zazisele zithandwa khona. Abantu bazo zonke iindidi bayiphulaphula ngovuyo igospile. Kwakungekho ukushumayela esidlangalaleni, kodwa ekhayeni lomphathi oyintloko, kwizindlu zakhe, ngamanye amaxesha kwigadi kawonke wonke, uCalvin wayewavula amazwi obomi obungunaphakade kwabo babelangazelela ukuwamamela. Emva kwexesha, ngokukhula kweqela labaphulaphuli, kwacingwa ukuba kukhuselekile ukuhlangana ngaphandle kwesixeko. Umqolomba owawusecaleni komwonyo onzulu nocutheneyo, apho imithi yayijinga phezu kwamatye yenza indawo esecaleni iphelele, basishiya isixeko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, baya kufika khona apho. Kule ndawo isecaleni, yayifundwa kakhulu iBhayibhile, icaciswa. Apha, kwaqhutywa okokuqala isiDlo seNkosi ngamaProstestanti aseFrance. Kule nkozo incinane, kwaphuma iqela labavangeli abathembekileyo. IE18 202.2

Waphinda uCalvin wabuyela eParis. Wayengakwazi ukulincama ithemba lokuba iFrance isisizwe iya kulwamkela uHlaziyo. Phofu, wayefika phantse zonke iingcango zivaliwe. Ukufundisa igospile yayikukuthabatha indlela eya ngqo emlilweni, kwathi ekugqibeleni, naye wazimisela ukuba ayishiye iJamani. Ngako nje ukuba eyishiya iFrance kwagqabhuka udushe olukhulu kumaProtestanti, kangangokuba, ukuba wayehleli, ngelwambandakanya naye kwintshabalalo yomntu wonke.IE18 202.3

AbaHlaziyi bamaFrentshi, ngokulangazelela ukulibona izwe labo lihamba kunye neJamani neZwitzerland, bazimisela ukugqebha olungophiyo iRoma eneenkolelo, khon’ ukuze luvuke lonke uhlanga. Ngenxayoko, amaphekepheke emibhalo ahlasela umthendeleko [weRoma] axhonywa ngobunye ubusuku kwiFrance yonke. Endaweni yokuluqhubela phambili uhlaziyo, le ntshukumo inenzondelelo kodwa ingakhange igqalwe kakuhle, yazisa intshabalalo, kungekuphela kubenzi balo, kodwa nakubahlobo benkolo ehlaziyiweyo, kuyo yonke iFrance. Yawanika amaRoma into awayekade eyinqwenela, isizathu sokunyanzelisa ukutshatyalaliswa baphele abalahlekisi njengabaphembeleli abayingozi ekuzinzeni kwetrone noxolo lwesizwe.IE18 203.1

Ngesandla esifihlakeleyo, nokuba kungomhlobo ongenankathalo okanye utshaba olunenkani, kwakungaziwa—elinye lamaxwebhu labekwa kucango lwegumbi labucala likakumkani. Ukumkani wavutha ngumsindo. Kweli phepha, iinkolelo ezazihlonitshwa kwiminyaka yezizukulwana, zahlaselwa ngesandla esingenalusini. Isibindi esingenamlinganiso sokunyakathisa ezi ntetho zicacileyo nezothusayo phambi kokumkani, savusa ingqumbo kakumkani. Wathi ekhwankqisiwe, wathi xhungu umzuzwana engcangcazela engakwazi ukuthetha. Ingqumbo yakhe yaphuphuma amazwi athi: “Mababanjwe, kungabikho ukhethwayo, bonke abarhaneleka belandela ubuLutere. Ndiza kubatshabalalisa bonke.” -- D'Aubigne, b. 4, ch. 10. Idayisi laliphosiwe. Ukumkani wayenze isigqibo sokuzijulela ngakwicala leRoma. IE18 203.2

Amanyathelo athatyathwa kwangoko okubamba wonke ongumlandeli kaLutere eParis. Usizana lomsebenzi owayezibandakanye nenkolo yohlaziyo, nowayeqhele ukubizela amakholwa kwimihlangano yawo yasekhusini, wabanjwa wathi, ngokoyikiswa okukhulu ngokufa okukhawulezileyo komlilo, wayalelwa ukuba akhokelele abathunywa bobupopi kwikhaya lakhe wonke umProtestanti esixekweni. Wothuka enoloyiko ngobo bubi becebiso eliphantsi, ekugqibeleni, ukoyika amalangatye kwaphumelela, wakuvuma ukuba ngumngcatshi wabazalwana bakhe. Ekhokelwa ngumkhosi, erhangqwe luthotho lwababingeleli, abathwali besiqhumiso, iimonks, namasoldati, uMorin, umcuphi wasebukhosini, kunye nomngcatshi, bathi chu bezolile betyhutyha izitrato zesixeko. Umboniso wawubonakala unika imbeko “umthendeleko ongcwele,” isenzo socamagusho ngokuthukwa komthendeleko [weRoma] ngabachasi.Phantsi kwalo mkhosi kwaye kufihlwe injongo eyingozi. Kwakusithi kwakufikwa malunga nendlu yomLutere, umngcatshi enze umqondiso, kungathethwa zwi. Umqokozoubusima, kungenwe endlwini, usapho lurhuqelwe phandle luqanyangelwe ngamatyathanga, lize iqela libheke phambili ukuya kuzingela amanye amaxhoba amatsha. “Abazange basindise ndlu, enkulu okanye encinane, kwaneekholeji zeyunivesithi yaseParis. . . . UMorin wasigungqisa sonke isixeko. . . . Kwaba lulawulo lonkwantyiso.”-- D'Aubigne, b. 4, ch. 10.IE18 203.3

Amaxhoba abulawa ngokuthuthunjiswa ngenkohlakalo, kuba kwayalelwa ukuba umlilo uthothiswe ukuze ithabathe ixesha elide intlungu yawo. Wona, kodwa, afa engaBoyisi. Ukuzingisa kwawo akuzange kugungqe, uxolo lwawo alwasibekela. Abatshutshisi bawo, bengenawo amandla okushukumisa ukuqina kwawo okungagobiyo, baziva bona boyisiwe. “Amanqwanqwa asasazwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zaseParis, kwaza ukutshisa kwenziwa ngeentsuku ezilandelelanayo, icebo ikukusasaza uloyiko okulahlekisa ngokuthi saa ukubulala. Okuhle, phofu, ekupheleni, kwasala neendaba ezilungileyo. Yonke iParis yakwazi ukulubona uhlobo lwabantu oluvezwa ziimbono ezintsha. Yayingekho ipulpiti efana nebathwana lomzimba otshileyo wofelukholo. Uvuyo oluzolileyo olwakhanyisa ubuso bala madoda xa ayedlula . . . esiya kwindawo yokubulawa, ubugorha bawo xa ayemi esazulwini samalangatye alephuzayo, ubulali bokuxolela kwawo ukulimala, kwaguqula, kwimeko ezingekho mbalwa, umsindo wayimfesane, nentiyo yaluthando, bacenga ngobuciko obungathintelekiyo ngenxa yeendaba ezilungileyo.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 20.IE18 204.1

Ababingeleli bezimisele ukuyigcina ingqumbo abayithandayo iphezulu, basasaza ezona zityholo zibi ngakumaProtestanti. Atyholwa ngokuceba ukubulala amaKatolika, ukuwisa urhulumente, nokugebenga ukumkani. Kwakungekho nesicwili sobungqina obunokwenziwa ukuxhasa ezo zityholo. Kanti ke, ezi ziprofeto zobubi zaziza kuba nokuzaliseka; phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, phofu, nakwimisebenzi yohlobo olulolunye. Iinkohlakalo ekwangcungcuthekiswa ngazo amaProtestanti ngamaKatolika zafumba ngobunzima bempindezelo, kwathi ngeenkulungwane ezalandelayo zazisa yona le ntshabalaloayethe iyeza kwangaphambili, phezu kokumkani, kulawulo lwakhe nabantu abaphantsi kwakhe, kodwa yaziswa ngabantu abangakholelwayo kuThixo nangabobupopi ngokwabo. Yayingekuko ukumiselwa, kodwa ingcinezelo, yobuProtestanti, eyayiza kuthi, kumakhulu amathathu eminyaka kamva, izise phezu kweFrance ezi ntlekele zimbi kakhulu.IE18 204.2

Ukukrokra, ukungathembani, noloyiko ngoku lwangena kuzo zonke iindidi zabantu ekuhlaleni. Phakathi komothuko okumntu wonke, kwabonakala ubunzulu bokubamba imfundiso yobuLutere okwaba nayo ezingqondweni zabantu ababephezulu emfundweni, kwimpembelelo, nasekubalaseleni kwesimilo. Abanobugcisa, abashiceleli, izifundiswa, iiprofesa eziyunivesithi, ababhali, nabasebenza ezinkundleni, bonke bathi shwaka. Amakhulu ayibaleka iParis, azenza iimbacu ezishiye ilizwe lazo lokuzalwa, kwiimeko ezininzi enika ingqondo yokuba ayekhetha inkolo yohlaziyo. Bathi bakubhekabheka abobupopi ecaleni kwabo, bamangaliswa kukubona ubuninzi babalahlekisi abanyamezelwayo phakathi kwabo. Ingqumbo yabo yaphalala kwizihlwele ezazingamaxhoba awayethobeke kakhulu awafikelelwa lula ngamandla abo. Iintolongo zaziphuphuma, nomoya ubonakala umnyama ngumsi wokutshiswa kweenkuni ezazibaselwa abayamkelayo igospile.IE18 205.1

UFrancis I waba novuyo olukhulu kuba eyinkokeli kwintshukumo enkulu yokuvuselelwa kokufunda okwaphawula ukuqala kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu. Wayechulumancile kukuhlanganisa kwibhotwe lakhe amadoda afundileyo awayevela kumazwe wonke. Ekuthandeni kwakhe ukufunda nokujongela phantsi ukungazi nenkolelo yeemonks, ubuncinane, kwabangela umgangatho wokunyamezela okwenzelwa uhlaziyo. Sekunjalo, ekhuthazwa yinzondelelo yokunyhasha kuphele ukulahlekisa, lo mxhasi wemfundo wakhupha umthetho wokuba kupheliswe ukushicilela kuyo yonke iFrance! UFrancis I ungomnye phakathi kwemizekelo emininzi ekubhalwe ngayo ebonisa ukuba inkcubeko yengqondo ayikhuseli ekungamelanini nenkolo nentshutshiso.IE18 205.2

IFrance, ngenkonzo enendili neyasesidlangalaleni yayiza kuzinikela ngokupheleleyo ekutshabalaliseni ubuProtestanti. Ababingeleli banyanzelisa ukuba, ukuhlaselwa okwenziwa kuThixo Phezulu ngokugxekwa komthendeleko [waseRoma] kumele ukuba kucanyagushelwe egazini, nokuba ukumkani, ngenxa yabantu bakhe, ayinike esidlangalaleni imvume yakhe kumsebenzi owoyikekayo.IE18 205.3

Umhla wama-21 Januwari, 1535 wamiswa ukuze kuqhutywe inkonzo eyoyikeka kakhulu. Uloyiko olunenkolelo nentiyo eneenkani yaso sonke isizwe yayimiswe ngeenyawo. IParis yangenelwa zizihlwele ezaziphuma kwilizwe lonke zazalisa izitrato zayo. Imini yayiza kwamkelwa ngomkhulu nomhle umngcelele. “Izindlu ezisendleleni yohambo zazijinga imidiyadiya yokuzila, kumi izibingelelo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo.” Ngaphambi komnyango ngamnye kwakukho isibane sokuhlonipha “umthendeleko ongcwele.” Phambi kokuba kuthi qheke ukusa, kwenziwa umngcelele owawusuka kwibhotwe likakumkani. “Kuqala yayiziibhanile neminqamlezo yeziphaluka eziliqela; kulandela abahlali, behamba ngababini, bephethe izibane.” Kwalandela amahlelo amane abafundisi, ilelo linesambatho salo esisodwa. Kwalandela ingqokelela eninzi yeentsalela zemifanekiso ebalulekileyo eyaphukileyo. Emva kwale, kwakukho abafundisi ababunkosi bevathe iingubo ezinde ezimfusa nezibomvu, nezazihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo, isinxibo esasisihle kakhulu esimenyezelayo nesidanyazayo.IE18 205.4

“Isonka somthendeleko [wombingeleli] sasithwelwe yibhishophu yaseParis phantsi kophahla oluhle, . . . luxhaswe ziinkosana zegazi ezine. . . . Emva kwesonka kwakuhamba ukumkani. . . . uFrancis I ngaloo mini engasithwelanga isithsaba, engayambathanga nengubo ende yesizwe.” “Intloko ingagqunywanga, amehlo akhe ekhangele phantsi emhlabeni, esandleni ephethe ikhandlela elinokukhanya okuncinane,” ukumkani waseFrance wabonakala “ekwimeko yokuzohlwaya.”-- Wylie, b. 13, ch. 21. Kuso sonke isibingelelo wayeguqa phantsi ngokuzohlwaya, kungengakuba enobubi obungcolise umphefumlo wakhe, kungekuko nangexa yegazi elimsulwa elangcolisa izandla zakhe, kodwa ngenxa yesono esibulalayo sabantu bakhe ababa nesibindi sokugxeka umthendeleko [waseRoma]. Emva kwakhe kwakulandela ukumkanikazi nezikhulu zesizwe, nazo zihamba ngazibini, iseso siphethe isibane esikhanyisiweyo. IE18 206.1

Njengenxalenye yeenkonzo zemini, ukumkani ngokwakhe wathetha namagosa aphezulu obukumkani kwiholo enkulu yebhotwe likabhishophu. Enenkangeleko ezele lusizi, wavela phambi kwabo wathi, ngamazwi obuciko obuchukumisayo, wakhalela “ukwaphulwa komthetho, unyeliso, imini yentlungu nehlazo,” eyafikela isizwe. Wabiza wonke umntu othembekileyo ophantsi kolawulo lwakhe ukuba ancede ekuncothulweni kobhubhane wolahlekiso ozisele iFrance intshabalalo. “Ngokwenene, bahlekazi, njengoko ndingukumkani wenu,” watsho, “ukuba ndandisazi ukuba elinye lamalungu am linamabala okanye lingenwe koku kubola kuthiyekileyo, ngendaninika ukuba nilisuse. . . . Ukudlula apho, . . . ukuba ndandibone omnye wabantwana bam engcolisiwe lilo, ndandingayi kumsindisa. . . . Ndandiya kumnikela ngokwam, ndibingelele ngaye kuThixo.” Watsarhwa ziinyembezi esathetha, yakhala yonke intlangano, yakhwaza ngamxhelo mnye, yathi: “Siya kuphila, sife, ngenxa yenkolo yeKatolika!”--D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 4, ch. 12.IE18 206.2

Babusuke boyikeka ubumnyama besizwe esalandula ukukhanya kwenyaniso. Ubabalo “oluzisa usindiso” lwalufikile; kodwa iFrance, emva kokuwabona amandla nobungcwele balo, emva kokuba amawaka ayetsalwe bubuhle bobungcwele balo, emva kokuba izixeko needolophana zikhanyiselwe kukubengezela kwalo, yajika inyula ubumnyama kunokukhanya. Basisusa kubo isipho sasezulwini xa babesiphiwa. Bathi okubi kulungile, nokulungileyo kubi, bada bangamaxhoba eenkani zokuzikhohlisa kwabo. Ngoku, nangona benokuthi bakholwe ukuba bebesebenzela uThixo ngokutshutshisa abantu baKhe, kunjalo, ukunyaniseka kwabo akubenzi bangabi nabutyala. Ukukhanya engekubahlangule enkohlisweni, ekudyobheni imiphefumlo yabo ngetyala legazi, bakwala ngabom. IE18 207.1

Isifungo esinendili sokuncothula ulahlekiso senziwa kwikhathedrale enkulu apho, phantse kwiinkulungwane ezintathu emva koko, isithixo sengqondo sasiza kumiselwa isizwe esamlibalayo uThixo ophilileyo. Waphinda wenziwa umngcelele, baza abameli beFrance baphuma ukuba baqale umsebenzi ababefungele ukuwenza. “Kufutshane nje kwelinye, amaqonga ayemisiwe, ekwakuza kuthi phezu kwawo, amaKristu amaProtestanti atshiswe ephilile, kwaza kwalungiselelwa ukuba iinkuni kufuneka zibaswe ngomzuzu wokuvela kukakumkani, nokuba kufuneka umngcelele ume ukuze ukubone ukubulala.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 21. Imininingwana yokuthuthunjiswa okwanyamezelwa ngala mangqina ngoKristu ibuhlungu kakhulu ukuba ingabaliswa; kodwa akuzange kubekho kugungqa kumaxhoba. Athi akukhuthazwa ukuba arhoxe, elinye laphendula: “Ndikholelwa kuphelakoko abaprofetinabapostile babekushumayela ngaphambili, nako konke oko iqela labangcwele lalikukholelwa. Ukholo lwam luthembele kuThixo oya kumelana nawo onke amandla esihogo.”--D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 4, ch. 12.IE18 207.2

Wahamba usima umngcelele kwiindawo zongcungcuthekiso. Wathi wakufika apho ubuqale khona, kwibhotwe likakumkani, isihlwele sachithakala, waza ukumkani noobhishophu abakhulu bagoduka, benelisekile kakuhle ngumsebenzi wemini, bezincoma kuba umsebenzi oqaliweyo uya kuqhubeka kude kube sekupheleni kwentshutshiso yolahlekiso.IE18 207.3

Isigidimi soxolo esaliwayo yiFrance kwakuza kufuneka ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ngokwenene sincothulwe, kungenjalo zaye ziya kuba zibi kakhulu iziphumo. Ngomhla wama-21 kaJanuwari, 1793, kuyiminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu anesibhozo ukususela kwimini iFrance eyathi yazinikela ukutshutshisa abaHlaziyi, omnye umngcelele, onenjongo eyahluke kakhulu, wadlula kwizitrato zaseParis. “Kwakhona ukumkani wayeyintloko; kwakhona kwakukho isiphithiphithi nokukhwaza; kwakhona kwavakala isikhalo samaxhoba amaninzi; kwakhona ayekhona amaqonga amnyama; kwakhona imiboniso yemini yavalwa ngokubulawa okoyikekayo; uLouis XVI, esilwa ngezandla nababemvalele nababulali bakhe, erhuqwa esiwa esiqobeni, apho wacinezelwa phantsi ngamandla amakhulu ukuba lide liwe izembe, yaza intloko eqhawulweyo yaqengqwa phezu kweqonga.”--Wylie, b. 13, ch. 21. Kanti ke ukumkani wayengekuphela kwexhoba; kufuphi kuloo ndawo, abantu abangamawaka amabini anamkhulu asibhozo [2800] batshabalala ngokunqunyulwa ngexesha lemihla yegazi yoLawulo ngeGqudu.IE18 207.4

UHlaziyo lwalinika ihlabathi iBhayibhile evuliweyo, luvula amatywina emiyalelo yomthetho kaThixo, lukhuthaza amabango awo kwizazela zabantu. Uthando olungenamda lwabatyhilela abantu imimiselo nemithetho-siseko yezulu. UThixo wayethe: “Yigcineni ke niyenze; ngokuba oku bubulumko benu, nengqondo yenu, emehlweni abantu abaya kuyiva yonke le mimiselo; bathi, Olu hlanga lukhulu ngabantu abalumkileyo, abanengqondo bodwa.” Duteronomi 4:6. Xa iFrance yayisala isipho sezulu, yayihlwayela imbewu yoqhushululu nentshabalalo; kwaza kwathi ukusebenza okuqinisekileyo komsebenzi nesiphumo kwanesiqhamo soVukelo noLawulo ngeGqudu.IE18 208.1

Kude phambi kwentshutshiso eyavuswa ngamaxwebhu, owayenesibindi nozimiseleyo uFarel, wanyanzeleka ukuba alishiye ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Waya kuhlala eSwitzerland, wathi ngokusebenza kwakhe, waxhasa umsebenzi kaZwingli, wanceda ukubuyisela kokuxhaswa koHlaziyo. Iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela yachithelwa apha, kanti ke wayeqhubeka ukuba nempembelelo evakalayo kuhlaziyo eFrance. Ngeminyaka yakhe yokuqala elubhacweni, amalinge akhe ayebhekiselele ekusasazweni kwegospile kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa. Wachitha ixesha eshumayela phakathi kwabantu bakubo kufuphi nomda, apho, ngokungatyhafiyo wayiqaphela ngononophelo imbambano waza wanceda ngamazwi enkuthazo necebiso. Ngoncedo lwezinye iimbacu, iincwadi zabaHlaziyi bamaJamani zaguqulelwa kulwimi lwesiFrentshi, kunye neBhayibhile yesiFrentshi, zashicilelwa zaba ninzi kakhulu. Ezi ncwadi zathengiswa kakhulu eFrans. Abathengisi bazo bazinikwa ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuze bakwazi ukuzuza ingeniso eyayiza kubenza bakwazi ukuqhubeka naloo msebenzi.IE18 208.2

UFarel wawuqala umsebenzi wakhe eSwitzerland ngokuzithobileyo esithi uyititshala. Wahlala kwindlu esecaleni, wazinikela ekufundiseni abantwana. Ngaphandle kwamasebe aqhelekileyo okufundwa, ngononophelo wangenisa iinyaniso zeBhayibhile, ethemba kuba uya kuthi ngabantwana afikelele kubazali. Babakho abakholwayo, kodwa ababingeleli baphuma beza ukuba bamnqande awuyeke loo msebenzi. “ayikwazi leyo ukuba yigospile kaKristu,” batsho ababingeleli, “bekubona ukushunyayelwa kwayo njengokungazisi luxolo, kodwa kuzisa imfazwe.”--Wylie, b. 14, ch. 3. Njengabafundi bokuqala, wathi akutshutshiswa kwisixeko esithile, wabalekela kwesinye. Kwiilali ngeelali, kwizixeko ngezixeko, ehamba ngeenyawo, enyamezele indlala, ingqele, nokudinwa, kuyo onke indawo ubomi bakhe busengozini. Washumayela kwiindawo eziphangaleleyo, ezinkonzweni, maxa wambi kwiipulpiti zeekhathedrale. Ngamanye amaxesha wayefika kungekho bantu bakumphulaphula enkonzweni; ngamanye ukushumayela kwakhe kuphazanyiswe yimikhwazo nokumnyevulela; waphindwa wasuswa dlakadlaka epulpitini. Waphindaphindwa ukulalelwa yinkitha yabantu abethwe aphantse ukufa. Noko kunjalo wabheka phambili. Nangona wayekholisa ukugxothwa, wayezingisa angadinwa, abuyele apho wayehlaselwe khona; wada wazibona iidolophu, enye emva kwenye, nezixeko, esinye emva kwesinye, ezazifudula zizinqaba ekuqine kuzo ubupopi, ziyivulela amasango igospile. Isiphaluka esincinane apha wayeqale khona ukusebenza, sakhawuleza ukuyamkela inkolo yohlaziyo. Izixeko iMorat neNeuchatel nazo zazishiya iinkonzo zobuRoma zayisusa imifanekiso yonqulo lwezithixo kwiinkonzo zazo.IE18 209.1

UFarel kwakukade enqwenela ukumisa isibonda sobuProtestanti eGeneva. Ukuba esi sixeko besingazuzwa, besingaba ngumbindi woHlaziyo eFrance, eSwitzerland, naseItaly. Enalo mgomo phambi kwakhe, wayeqhubeke nokusebenza kwakhe zada iidolophu needolophana ezijikelezileyo zazuzwa. Emva koko, eneqabane elinye, wangena eGeneva. Wavunyelwa ukuba ashumayele nje iintshumayelo ezimbini. Ababingeleli, bezame ngelize ukuzuza ukugwetywa kwakhe ngamagunya karhulumente, bambizela phambi kwequmrhu lenkonzo, abaya kulo bona begushe izixhobo phantsi kweengubo zabo ezinde, bezimisele ukumbulala. Ngaphandle kweholo, isixuku esinomsindo, esasiphethe amagqudu namakrele, sasiqokelelene ukuze sikuqinisekise ukufa kwakhe ukuba uyaphuncuka kwiqumrhu. Ubukho babachophela amatyala nomkhosi oxhobileyo, kwaya kwamsindisa. Kwangonyezi ngemini elandelayo, wakhokelwa, eneqabane lakhe, bacanda ichibi baya kwindawo yokusinda. Laba liyaphela ilinge lokuqala lokushumayela eGeneva.IE18 209.2

Kwilinge elilandelayo, kwanyulwa isixhobo esilula—indodana, eyayithobeke ngenkangeleko kangangokuba yaphathwa ngezandla ezibandayo nangabahlobo abathi bangabohlaziyo. Yintoni eyayinokwenziwa ngomnye umntu apho kwaliwa khona uFarel? Wayengenza njani onesibindi esincinane namava akwanjalo ukuvelana noqhwithela ekuthi phambi kwalo kunyanzeleke ukuba, abona banamandla nabona banesibindi, babaleke? “Akungabukroti, akungamandla; kungoMoya wam; utsho uYehova.” Zekariya 4:6. “UThixo usuke wanyula izinto ezibubudenge zehlabathi, ukuze azidanise izilumko.” “Ngokuba into kaThixo ebubudenge ilumkile kunabantu, nento kaThixo engenamandla yomelele kunabantu.” 1 Korinte 1:27, 25.IE18 210.1

UFroment wawuqala umsebenziwakhe eyititshala.Iinyaniso ezo wayezifundisa abantwana zazibaliswa emakhaya. Kungekudala abazali beza kuphulaphula ukuchazwa kweBhayibhile, lada lazala igumbi lokufundela ngabaphulaphuli abanomdla. Banikwa simahla iTestamente eNtsha namaphetshana, ezo zinto zafikelela kwabaninzi ababengazange babe naso isibindi sokuza ekuhleni ukuba bave iimfundiso ezintsha. Emva kwexesha, lo msebenzi naye wanyanzeleka ukuba asabe; kodwa iinyaniso awazifundisayo zamila ezingqondweni zabantu. UHlaziyo lwatyaleka, lwaqhubeka lusomelela lusanda. Abashumayeli babuya, kwathi ngemisebenzi yabo, unqulo lobuProtestanti lwamiselwa eGeneva. IE18 210.2

Isixeko sasesaziwe ngokuba sesoHlaziyo xa uCalvin, emva kokubhadula namahla-ndinyuka, wangena kumasango aso. Ebuya kutyelelo lwakhe lokugqibela kwindawo yakhe yokuzalwa, wayesendleleni esinga eBasel, wathi ngokufumana indlela engqalileyo imiwe yimikhosi kaCharlse V, wanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe ngendlela ejikelezayo edlula eGeneva.IE18 210.3

Kolu tyelelo, uFarel wasibona isandla sikaThixo. Nangona iGeneva yayiyamkele inkolo yohlaziyo, wawusemkhulu umsebenzi owawusasele ukuba ufezwe apha. Abantu abaguquki ngobuninzi kodwa baguquka ngabanye ngabanye kuThixo; umsebenzi wokuzalwa ngokutsha kufuneka wenzeke entliziyweni nasesazeleni ngamandla kaMoya Oyingcwele, kungabi yimithetho yamaqumrhu. Nangona abantu baseGeneva belilahla igunya laseRoma, babengakulungelanga kwangoko ukubushiya ububi obabuqhama phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Ukumisela apha imithetho-siseko enyulu yegospile nokulungisa aba bantu ukuba bazalise ngokufanelekileyo isikhundla ukubonelela kukaThixo okubonakala kubabizele kuso, kwakungeyiyo imisebenzi elula.IE18 210.4

UFarel wayeqinisekile ukuba wayefumene kuCalvin umntu owayenako ukuhlangana naye kulo msebenzi. Egameni likaThixo, wamcenga ngembeko umvangeli oselula ukuba ahlale asebenze apha. UCalvin wahlehla ngokothuka. Iphakuphaku elithanda uxolo, woyika ukudibana nabantu baseGeneva abanesibindi, abazimele geqe, nabanomoya ondlongondlongo. Ubuthakathaka bempilo yakhe, kunye nokuthanda kwakhe ukufunda, kwamenza ukuba afune ukuphumla. Ekholelwa ukuba, ngosiba lwakhe wayenokwenza okuhle kakhulu umsebenzi wohlaziyo, wayenqwenela ukuzuza ukuphumla kwindawo, ezolileyo ukuze afunde, aze apho, ngoshicilelo, afundise, akhe amabandla. Noko kunjalo, iziyalo zikaFarel zafika kuye njengobizo oluvela eZulwini, waza akakwazi ukwala. Kwaba ngathi kuye, ngokutsho kwakhe, “isandla sikaThixo saya solulelwa ezantsi sisuka ezulwini, saza sabekwa phezu kwakhe, samlungiselela, ngokungenako ukujikwa, indawo awayengxame kakhulu ukuba ayishiye.”--D'Aubigne, History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, b. 9, ch. 17.IE18 211.1

Ngeli xesha, iingozi ezinkulu zaziwurhangqile umsebenzi wobuProtestanti. Iziqalekiso zikaPopi zagityiselwa kwiGeneva, izizwe ezinamandla ziyithembisa ngokuyitshabalalisa. Sasiza kwenza njani esi sixeko sincinane ukumelana nobulawuli obunamandla nobabuthe rhoqo bunyanzelisa ookumkani nabaphathi ukuba bazinikele kubo? Singakwazi njani ukuma siqubisane nemikhosi yaboyisi abakhulu bomhlaba? IE18 211.2

Kubo bonke ubukumkani bobuKristru, ubuprotestanti babulandelwa ziintshaba ekunzima ukuzoyisa. Uloyiso lokuqala loHlaziyo lwaludlule, iRoma yabiza imikhosi emitsha, inethemba lokulutshabalalisa [uHlaziyo]. Ngeli ixesha, kwaqalwa ihlelo lamaJesuits, amatsha-ntliziyo akhohlakele kakhulu, angenanceba, nawona anamandla kwiintshatsheli zobupopi. Bengabantu abasusiweyo kumaqhina omhlaba nokuthandwa ngabantu, abafayo kumabango othando lwemveli, okwathula kwaphela kubo ukucinga nesazela, abangazi mthetho, abangenamaqhina, ngaphandle kwawohlelo lwabo, abangenawo umthwalo ngaphandle kokukhulisa amandla abo. (Bona ISIHLOMELO). Igospile kaKristu yabenza abakuyo ukuba bakwazi ukumelana nengozi nokunyamezela intlungu, bangoyikiswa yingqele, indlala, ukusebenza nzima, nobuhlwempu, bayiphakamise ibhanile yenyaniso sebejongene nokuxhonywa, nomhadi womgxobhozo, nesibonda sokutshiswa. Ukulwa le mikhosi, ubuJesuit bukhuthaza abalandeli babo ngokuba nokutshiseka okubenza ukuba banyamezele ngokweengozi, nokuchasa ngamandla enyaniso zonke izixhobo zenkohliso. Kwakungekho kwaphulwa komthetho kukhulu kakhulu kubo ukuba bangakwenzi, kungekho nkohliso ephantsi kakhulu kubo ukuba bangayenzi, kungekho kukhohlisa kunzima kakhulu kubo ukuba bangakuqali. Befungele ubuhlwempu nokuzithoba kwaphakade, yayiyinjongo yabo abayifundileyo ukuzuza ubutyebi negunya, ukuzinikela ekoyiseni ubuProtestanti, nokumisela ngokutsha ukongama kukaPopi.IE18 211.3

Xa bevela bengamalungu ohlelo lwabo, babenxiba ingubo yobungcwele, bahambele iintolongo nezibhedlela, balungiselele abagulayo nabangamahlwempu, besithi balishiyile ihlabathi, bathwele igama elingcwele likaYesu, owayehamba esenza okulungileyo. Bekuye kufihlwe phantsi kwalo mphandle ungenasiphako, iinjongo ezizezona zikukwaphulwa komthetho neziyingozi ebulalayo. Yayingumthetho-siseko osisiseko wehlelo ukuba, isiphelo sigwebela indlela esetyenzisiweyo. Ngalo mthetho, ukuxoka, ubusela, ubuqhophololo, ukubulala, zizinto ezazinganele nje ukuxoleleka, kodwa ezinconywayo, xa zifeze iinjongo zebandla. Phantsi kokuzifihla okwahlukeneyo, amaJesuits ayeyisebenza indlela yawo ifikelele kwizikhundla zesizwe, anyuke abe ngabacebisi bakakumkani, babumbe imigaqo yesizwe. Babesiba zizicaka zokusebenza ngokweentlola kwinkosi zabo. Bamisa iikholeji zoonyana beenkosana namadoda amakhulu, nesikolo sabantu nje; baze abantwana babazali abangamaProtestanti benziwe ukuba bagcine iinkonzo zobupopi. Bonke ubuyokoyoko nobuhle bonqulo lobuRoma babusenziwa ukuze buphazamise ingqondo budide buthimbe ingcinga, ukuze ngolo hlobo inkululeko abayisebenzela nzima oobawo baphalala igazi ngenxa yayo ingcatshwe ngoonyana. AmaJesuits azisasaza ngokulula kwiYurophu, kwaye, naphi na apho aya khona, kwakulandela imvuselelo yobupopi.IE18 212.1

Ukuwanika igunya elikhulu, kwakhutshwa ibull [iphepha eliphuma kuPopi], eyayimisela ngokutsha inkundla yokuncinwa kwenkolo. (Bona ISIHLOMELO.) Nangona yayithiyekile jikelele nakumaKatolika ngokwawo, le nkundla yoyikekayo yaphinda yamiswa ngabaphathi bobupopi, yathi inkohlakalo eyayimbi kakhulu ukuba ingamelana nokukhanya kwemini, yaphindwa kwimihadi eyimigxobhozo esemfihlakalweni. Kumazwe amaninzi, amawaka ngamawaka esihombo sesizwe, esona sinyulu nesibekekileyo, abona bantu banobuchopho nabafunde kakhulu, abafundisi aboyika uThixo nabazinikeleyo, bekhuthele bengabemi abangabathandi bezwe, izifundiswa ezikrelekrele, abazobi abanesakhono, amachule aneetalente, babulawa okanye banyanzeleka ukuba babhacele kwamanye amazwe.IE18 212.2

Yayinjalo iindlela eyasetyenziswa yiRoma ukucima ukukhanya koHlaziyo, ukurhoxisa iBhayibhile ebantwini, nokubuyiselwa kokungazi nenkolelo yamaXesha obuMnyama. Noko kunjalo, phantsi kwentsikelelo kaThixo nemisebenzi yaloo madoda aphakamileyo, athe uThixo wawavusa ukuba alandele uLutere, ubuProtestanti abuzange boyiswe. Kwakungafunekanga ukuba buxhomekeke ekuthandweni okanye kwizixhobo zeenkosana ukuba namandla kwabo [ubuProtestanti]. Awona mazwe mancinane, ezona zizwe zithobekileyo nezinawona mandla mancinane, zaba ziinqaba zabo. YayiyiGeneva encinane, phakathi kweentshaba ezinamandla ezaziceba ukuyitshabalalisa; yayiyiHolland kwiindonga zayo zentlabathi kulwandle lwangasentla, eyabambana nembandezelo yeSpain, ngelo xesha eyayibobona bukumkani obukhulu nobutyebileyo; yayiyiSweden eyayingacacanga nengenanto, eyazuzela uHlaziyo uloyiso.IE18 213.1

Phantse kwayiminyaka engamashumi amathathu uCalvin esebenza nzima eGeneva, okokuqala esakha ibandla apho, ebambelele ekuziphatheni okuhle kweBhayibhile, kwathi emva koko yakukuhambisela phambili uHlaziyo kuyo yonke iYurophu. Ikhondo lakhe njengenkokeli yasesidlangalaleni lalingenasiphako, ngokunjalo neemfundiso zakhe, zazimsulwa kwimposiso. Wayesisixhobo ekutyaleni iinyaniso ezazibaluleke ngendlela eyodwa ngexesha lakhe, ekugcineni imithetho-siseko yobuProtestanti ukuba imelane nokubuya okukhawulezileyo komsinga wobupopi, nokukhuthaza kumabandla ahlaziyiweyo ubulula nobungcwele bobomi, endaweni yekratshi nenkohlakalo eyayikhuthazwa phantsi kwemfundiso yobuRoma. IE18 213.2

Ukusuka eGeneva, iincwadi neetitshala zaphuma ukuya kusasaza iimfundiso ezihlaziyiweyo. Ukuza kufika kule ndawo, abatshutshiswayo bawo wonke amazwe, babelindele imfundiso, icebiso, nenkuthazo. Isixeko sikaCalvin saba yindawo yokuphephela kubaHlaziyi ababezingelwa, kuyo yonke iYurophu eseNtshona. Bebaleka iinkqwithela ezazisoyikeka ezaqhuba iinkulungwane, iimbacu zafika kumasango aseGeneva. Zilambile, zingxwelerhekile, zilahlekwe ngamakhaya nezizalwana, zamkelwa ngezishushu, zakhathalelwa ngobubele; zathi zakufumana ikhaya apha, zasisikelela isixeko ngokuzamkela ngobuchule bazo, ngemfundo yazo, nangokoyika uThixo kwazo. Abaninzi abafuna indawo yokusithela apha, babuyela kumazwe abo ukuya kumelana nembandezelo yeRoma. UJohn Knox, igorha lomHlaziyi waseScotland, iqela laseNgilane lamaPuritan, amaProtestanti aseHolland naseSpain, amaHuguinots aseFrance, bonke basithwala isibane senyaniso ukusuka eGeneva ukuze bakhanyise kubumnyama bamazwe abo okuzalwa.IE18 213.3