חטל — חלך
חטל (√ of foll.; Arabic خَطِلَ = be flabby (of ear), be tall, long, quivering, be light, quick).BDB חטל.2
† חָטַם vb. hold in, restrain (Arabic خَطَمَ strike the nose, attach the خِطَامٌ = camel-halter, خَطْمٌ n. muzzle, nose of beast; NH חֲטָם nose-ring of camel, חוֹטָם; Aramaic חוּטְמָא nose; cf. חטם, Inscr. Zinj.; according to DHMSendsch. 34, of taming wild beasts)—
Qal Impf. אֶחֱטָם־לָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּי הַכְרִיתֶֽךָ׃ Is 48:9 I will restrain for thee (mine anger), not to cut thee off (‖ אַאֲרִיךְ אַפִּי).BDB חָטַם.2
† [חָטַף] vb. catch, seize (Arabic خَطِفَ; cf. Assyrian taḫṭîpu, oppression, DlPr 181; NH חָטַף, Aramaic ܚܛܰܦ seize, חֲטַף do hurriedly)—
Qal Pf. וַחֲטַפְתֶּם consec. Ju 21:21 lit., seize wives; Impf. יַחֲטֹף עָנִי ψ 10:9; Inf. לַחֲטוֹף עָנִי ψ 10:9 both fig. of oppressor catching the distressed; all sq. acc.BDB חָטַף.2
חטר (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَطَرَ lash with the tail, move spear up and down, shake, quiver (said of spear), etc.; Aramaic ܚܽܘܛܪܳܐ, חוּטְרָא, Assyrian ḫutartu, all = staff, SchrCOT Gloss. and on 2 K 9:2; חטר sceptre, Inscr. Zinj. DHMSendsch. 57; on format. v. LagBN 144).BDB חטר.2
† חֹ֫טֶר n.m. branch or twig, rod—metaph. abs. ח׳ branch, twig, Is 11:1 ויצא ח׳ מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י (‖ נֵצֶר); cstr. rod, בְּפִי־אֱוִיל חֹטֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה Pr 14:3.BDB חֹ֫טֶר.2
חטשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).BDB חטשׁ.2
חַטָּת v. חַטָּאת sub חטא.BDB חַטָּת.2
חַי, חִיאֵל v. sub חיה infr.BDB חַי.2
† I. חַי adj. alive, living;—ח׳ Gn 25:6 +; חָ֑י Gn 3:20 +, חֵי Am 8:14 + 15 times (Ew§ 329 explains as cstr., but Ges§ 93, R 7 n. al. as contracted abs.); f. חַיָּה Gn 1:20 +; pl. חַיִּים ψ 116:9 +;—
1. a. of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Jos 3:10 (J), Ho 2:1 ψ 42:3; 84:3; אלהים חי 2 K 19:4, 16 = Is 37:4, 17; אלהים חיים Dt 5:23 1 S 17:26, 36 Je 10:10; 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living ψ 18:47 = 2 S 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Jb 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Ju 8:19 Ru 3:13 1 S 14:39, 45; 19:6; 20:3, 21; 25:34; 26:10, 16; 28:10; 29:6 2 S 4:9; 12:5; 14:11; 15:21 1 K 1:29; 2:24; 17:1, 12; 18:10; 22:14 = 2 Ch 18:13, 2 K 5:16, 20 Ho 4:15 Je 4:2; 5:2; 12:16; 16:14, 15; 23:7, 8; 38:16; חי אל Jb 27:2; חי האלהים 2 S 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Je 44:26; חי י׳ צבאות 1 K 18:15 2 K 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Dt 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Nu 14:21, 28 (P) Is 49:18; Je 22:24; 46:18 Ez 5:11; 14:16, 18, 20; 16:48; 17:16, 19; 18:3; 20:3, 31, 33; 33:11, 27; 34:8; 35:6, 11 Zp 2:9, cf. also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Am 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Dn 12:7, חֵי is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, v. b. b. of man; אָדָם חַי a living man La 3:39, in antith. מֵת: חי חי Is 38:19; הַחַי collective Ec 7:2; Absalom 2 S 19:7; Naboth 1 K 21:15; a son or lad 2 S 12:21 1 K 3:22(×2), 23(×2), 25, 26(×2), 27; 17:23; usually pl. חיים alive, living Nu 16:30, 33 (J), 17:13 (P), Dt 4:4; 5:3 Is 8:19 ψ 55:16; 124:3 Pr 1:12 Ec 4:2(×2), 15; 6:8; 9:4, 5 Ru 2:20; taking prisoners alive Jos 8:23 (J) 1 S 15:8 1 K 20:18(×2) 2 K 7:12; 10:14(×2) 2 Ch 25:12; living (prosperously) 1 S 25:6 (We reads לָחִי = לְאָחִי (v. Klo Dr) to my brother, after 𝔙 fratribus meis); elsewhere in phrase כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם (אַתֶּם) היים על (פני) האדמה all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) the land Dt 4:10; 12:1; 31:13 1 K 8:40 = 2 Ch 6:31. Note phrases: עוֹד חַי (ים) yet alive Gn 25:6; 43:7, 27, 28; 45:28; 46:30 (J), 45:3, 26 Ex 4:18 (E), Dt 31:27 1 Sa 20:14 2 S 12:22; 18:14 1 K 20:32; בהיות חי 2 S 12:18 1 K 12:6 2 Ch 10:6; אֶרֶץ (הַ)חַיִים land of the living Is 38:11; 53:8 Je 11:19 Ez 26:20; 32:23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32 ψ 27:13; 52:7; 142:6 Jb 28:13; ארצות הח׳ ψ 116:9; ספר ח׳ ψ 69:29; צרור הח׳ bundle of the living 1 S 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Jb 33:30 ψ 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth 2 S 15:21; חֵי פרעה Gn 42:15, 16 (E); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 1:26; 17:55 2 S 14:19; חַי י׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth 1 S 20:3; 25:26 2 K 2:2, 4, 6; 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ 2 S 11:11 (but on text v. We Dr). c. of animals, alive, living: ox Ex 21:35; 22:3 (E); goat Lv 16:10, 20, 21 (P); bird Lv 14:4, 6(×2), 7, 51, 53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4 (comp. Arabic prov. Kalb ḥay wa-lâ maiyit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzst Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Ges 1878, 388); reptiles Gn 1:28 (P); animals in general Gn 9:3 (P); בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Lv 13:10, 14, 15(×2), 16 (P) 1 S 2:15. d. animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל חי Gn 3:20; 8:21 (J) Jb 12:10; 28:21; 30:23 ψ 143:2; 145:16; כל החי Gn 6:19 (P); נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 1:20, 24, 30 (P) 2:7, 19 (J); כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 9:12, 15, 16 (P) Ez 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Gn 1:21; 9:10 Lv 11:10, 46 (P). e. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green, ψ 58:10 (Ges Ew Ol Pe, but De Ri Che Bae raw flesh, v. c supr. ad fin.) f. of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Gn 26:19 (J), Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51, 52; 15:13 Nu 19:17 (P), Je 2:13; 17:13 Zc 14:8 Ct 4:15.
2. (dub.) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man 2 S 23:20 (but Qr אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively ψ 38:20 (RV, but Houb Ol Ew Hu. Che al. read חִנָּם, ‖ שׁקר).
3. reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Gn 18:10, 14 (J), 2 K 4:16, 17.BDB חַי².2
† II. [חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk (Arabic حَىٌّ a group of families united by vital ties RSK 36—40 DrSm 119), pl. sf. חַיַּי 1 S 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk, We Ki Dr RS SS RVm VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי We (Klo reads אַחַי וּ).BDB חַי³.2
† חִיאֵל n.pr.m. (prob. (אֲ)חִיאֵל brother of Ēl, 𝔊 Ἀχειηλ; cf. חירם & Ph. חמלך, etc.; v. BaeRel 156) a Bethelite, rebuilder of Jericho 1 K 16:34.BDB חִיאֵל.2
† חִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl lives (or abbrev. for יחיאל); Sab. חיאל, name of coin, after n.pr. of king DHM ZMG 1875, 613, 1883, 15; cp. also foll., and Ph. מריחי, כמשיחי)—name of the rebuilder of Jericho 1 K 16:34; 𝔊 Αχ(ε)ιηλ, om. 𝔊L.BDB חִיאֵל².2
† חִידָה n.f. riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying or question;—abs. ח׳ Ju 14:12 + 6 times; sf. חִידָתִי Ju 14:18 ψ 49:5; חִידָֽתְךָ Ju 14:13; pl. abs. חִידוֹת 1 K 10:1 + 4 times; חִידֹת Nu 12:8; sf. חִידֹתָם Pr 1:6;—
1. riddle = dark, obscure utterance Nu 12:8 (JE; opp. פֶּה־אֶל־פֶּה and מַרְאֶה); of something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳ Ez 17:2 (‖ מְשֹׁל מָשָׁל); allegor. and fig. sayings Pr 1:6 (‖ מְלִיצָה מָשָׁל and דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים); enigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Hb 2:6 (+ מְלִיצָה; ‖ מָשָׁל), perplexing moral problem ψ 49:5 (c. פָּתַח open, propound; ‖ מָשָׁל), a lesson taught indirectly ψ 78:2 (ח׳ מִנִּי קֶדֶם, c. הִבִּיעַ; ‖ מָשָׁל).
2. riddle, enigma, to be guessed, in Ju 14: a. with vb. חוּד Ju 14:12, 13, 16 propound a riddle. b. with vb. הִגִּיד tell (give answer to) a riddle Ju 14:14, 15, 17, 19. c. with vb. מצא find out a riddle Ju 14:18.
3. perplexing questions by which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test (נִסָּה) 1 K 10:1 = 2 Ch 9:1.
4. with הֵבִין skilled in double-dealing Dn 8:23 (Bev).BDB חִידָה.2
חִידָה v. sub חוד.BDB חִידָה².2
† I. חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHMSendsch. 34)—ח׳ Gn 8:17 +; cstr. חַיַּת Is 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Gn 1:24 ψ 50:10; 79:2; 104:11, 20 Is 56:9(×2) Zp 2:14; sf. חַיָּתִי ψ 143:3, etc.; pl. חַיּוֹת Lv 14:4 + 12 times—
1. animal, as a living, active being: a. in general, Gn 8:17 Lv 11:2, 27, 47(×2) Nu 35:3 (P) ψ 104:25 Is 46:1 Dn 8:4. b. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Gn 7:14, 21; 8:1, 19; 9:5 (P) Lv 17:13; 25:7 (H) Jb 37:8 ψ 148:10 Is 40:16 Ez 14:15; 33:27 Zp 2:14, 15; ח׳ קנה ψ 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Lv 5:2 (P) unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Gn 1:25, 30; 9:2, 10(×2) (P) 1 S 17:46 Ez 29:5; 32:4; 34:28 Jb 5:22; חיתו ארץ Gn 1:24 (P) ψ 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Ex 23:11, 29 (covt. code) Lv 26:22 (H) Dt 7:22 2 S 21:10, 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, Ho 2:14, 20; 4:3; 13:8 Is 43:20 Je 27:6; 28:14 Ez 38:20; 39:4 Jb 5:23; 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Gn 2:19, 20; 3:1, 14 (J) Jb 40:20 Je 12:9 Ez 31:6, 13; 34:5, 8; 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Is 56:9 ψ 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Is 56:9 ψ 50:10; 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Is 35:9 destroyer among beasts. c. living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ez 1:5, 13(×2), 14, 15(×2), 19(×2), 20, 21, 22; 3:13; 10:15, 17, 20.
2. life, only in late poetry, ψ 143:3 Jb 33:18, 20, 22, 28; 36:14 Ez 7:13(×2), and (dub.) ψ 74:19; 78:50.
3. appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Jb 38:39.
4. revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Is 57:10; v. חָיָה 2.BDB חַיָּה.2
† [חָיֶה] adj. having the vigour of life, lively (on format. v. LagBN 49)—fpl. חָיוֹת Ex 1:19 (E), of Hebrew women in childbirth, bearing quickly, easily.BDB חָיֶה.2
חָיָה283 vb. live (NH Ph. id.; Arabic حَىَّ, حَيِىَ; Sab. חיו MordtZMG 1876, 28; Ethiopic ሐይወ Aramaic ܚܝܳܐ, חֲיָא; Palm. חיי life, life-time, Vog 32, 74)—
Qal203 Pf. חָיָה Ec 6:6 + 4 times; יְ֯חָיָה Je 21:9; 38:2; חַי Gn 5:5 + 23 times (this and the following form are treated as ע״ע, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either ל״ה or ע״ע, Ges§ 761); וְחֵי Lv 25:36 (Bö§ 1181); 3 fs. חָֽיְתָה Gn 12:13 Je 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Ex 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö§ 1123 (3), Sam. חיתה); 2 ms. חָיִיתָ Dt 30:16, חָיִתָה Je 38:17; 3 m. pl. תָיוּ Nu 14:38, וְחָיוּ consec. Nu 4:19 + Zc 10:9 (where read Pi. וְתִיּוּ StaZAW i, 1881, 22 so 𝔊), וִחְיִיתֶם Ez 37:5 + 2 times; Impf. יִחְיֶה Gn 17:18 + 27 times; יְחִי Dt 33:6 + 10 times; וִיתִי ψ 49:10 + 2 times; וְיֶ֑חִי Is 38:21, וַיְחִי Gn 5:3 + 37 times; וַיֶּ֑חִי Dt 4:33 + 4 times; 3 fs. תִּחְיַה Jos 6:17, תְּחִי Gn 19:20 + 5 times; 2 ms. תִּחְיֶה Gn 27:40 + 7 times; 2 fs. תִּחְיִי 2 K 4:7; 1 s. אֶחְיֶה 2 K 1:2 + 8 times; 3 mpl. יִחְיוּ Jos 9:21 + 8 times; 3 fpl. תִּחְיֶינָה Ez 13:19; 37:3; 2 mpl. תִּחְיוּ Dt 4:1 + 2 times; תִּחְיוּן Dt 5:30; 8:1; 1 pl. נִחְיֶה 2 K 7:4 + 7 times; Imv. וֶחְיֵה Gn 20:7 Pr 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Pr 7:2; fs. חֲיִי Ez 16:6(×2); mpl. וִחְיוּ Gn 42:18 + 7 times; Inf. abs. חָיֹה 2 K 8:10 + 6 times; חָיוֹ Ez 3:21 + 3 times; cstr. לִחְיוֹת Ez 33:12, sf. חֲיוֹתָם Jos 5:8;— 1. live: a. have life, Gn 31:32(E), Ex 33:20(J), Nu 4:19 (P), Dt 30:16 +; also in phrase וַיְחִי and he lived (so many years) with acc. of time, Gn 5:3—30 (16 times) 9:28; 11:11—26 (14 times) 47:28 (all P), 50:22 (E), 2 K 14:17 = 2 Ch 25:25 Jb 42:16. b. continue in life, remain alive Gn 20:7 (E), Lv 25:36 2 S 12:22 +; also †ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self Gn 12:13; 19:20 (J), 1 K 20:32 ψ 119:175 Je 38:2, 17, 20 Is 55:3; וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד and the boy may live 2 S 12:22; †ח׳ לִפְנֵי live in the presence of Gn 17:18 (P) Ho 6:2; †ח׳ ב׳ live among La 4:20. †c. sustain life, live on or upon (על), of the animal life, by the sword Gn 27:40 (J), by bread Dt 8:3; elsewhere in pregnant sense of fulness of life in divine favour, sustained by (על) everything that issueth out of the mouth of י׳ Dt 8:3; his promises (?) Is 38:16; of wicked man, by repentance Ez 33:19; c. בְּ by the statutes and judgments of י׳ if a man do them, Lv 18:5 (H) Ez 20:11, 13, 21, 25 Ne 9:29; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live Hb 2:4. †d. live(prosperously) יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך may the king live 1 S 10:24 2 S 16:16(×2) 1 K 1:25, 31, 34, 39 2 K 11:12 2 Ch 23:11; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם ψ 22:27; 69:33; המלך לעולם יחיה Ne 2:3. †2. be quickened, revive: a. from sickness Nu 21:8, 9 Jos 5:8 (E) 2 K 1:2; 8:8, 9, 10, 14; 2 K 20:1, 7 = Is 38:1, 9, 21. b. from discouragement of the spirit Gn 45:27 (E). c. from faintness Ju 15:19. d. from death 2 K 13:21 Jb 14:14 Is 26:14, 19; by return of נפשׁ 1 K 17:22, of רוּחַ Ez 37:3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 (and so Ju 15:19 c).
†Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִיָּה ψ 22:30; 3 fs. sf. חִיָּ֑תְנִי ψ 119:50; 2 ms. sf. חִיִּיתַנִי ψ 30:4; חִיִּיתָ֑נִי ψ 119:93; 3 pl. חִיּוּ Ju 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Nu 31:15; Impf. יְחַיֶּה 1 S 27:9 +, etc.; Imv. sf. חַיֵּנִי ψ 119:25 + 8 times, חַיֵּיהוּ Hb 3:2; Inf. cstr. חַיּוֹת Gn 7:3 Ez 13:19; sf. חַיֹּתֵנוּ Dt 6:24 +, etc.; Pt. מְחַיֶּה Ne 9:6 1 S 2:6;— 1. preserve alive, let live Ex 1:17, 18, 22; 22:17 Jos 9:15 (JE), Gn 12:12 (J), Nu 31:15 (P), Dt 6:24; 20:16 Ju 21:14 1 S 27:9, 11 1 K 18:5 2 K 7:4 Je 49:11 Ez 3:18 Hb 3:2 Jb 36:6 ψ 30:4; 33:19; 41:3; 138:7; ח׳ נפשׁ preserve oneself alive ψ 22:30 Ez 18:27, or preserve persons alive Ex 13:18, 19, or preserve life 1 K 20:31; ח׳ זרע preserve seed alive Gn 7:3; 19:32, 34 (J); keep in existence heaven and earth Ne 9:6; nourish, young cow Is 7:21, lamb 2 S 12:3. 2. give life, to man when created Jb 33:4. 3. quicken, revive, refresh: a. restore to life, the dead 1 S 2:6 Dt 32:39 Ho 6:2; the dying ψ 71:20. b. cause to grow, grain Ho 14:8. c. restore, a ruined city 1 Ch 11:8, stones destroyed by fire Ne 3:34. d. revive, the people of י׳ by י׳ himself with fulness of life in his favour ψ 80:19; 85:7; 119:25, 37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 149, 154, 156, 159; 143:11 Ec 7:12.
†Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱיָה Jos 6:25 + 5 times; 2 ms. sf. הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Gn 47:25; 1 s. הֶחֱיֵיתִי Nu 22:33, הַחֲיִתֶם Jos 2:13 Ju 8:19; Imv. sf. הַחֲיֵינִי Is 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Nu 31:18; Inf. abs. הַחֲיֵה Jos 9:20; cstr. הַחֲיוֹת Gn 6:20 + 6 times; הַחֲיֹת Gn 6:19; 50:20; sf. הַחֲיֹתוֹ Ez 13:22;— 1. preserve alive, let live Gn 45:7; 50:20 (E) 47:25 Nu 22:33 Jos 2:13; 6:25 (all J), 14:10 (D); Gn 6:19, 20 Nu 31:18 Jos 9:20 (P), Ju 8:19 2 S 8:2 Ez 13:22; with נפשׁ Gn 19:19 (J). 2. quicken, revive: a. restore to health, a leper 2 K 5:7, Hezekiah Is 38:16. b. revive the לֵב and רוּחַ Is 57:15(×2). c. restore to life, the dead 2 K 8:1, 5(×3).BDB חָיָה.2
† II. חַיָּה n.f. (si vera l.) community (= fem. of ii. חַי according to NöZMG, 1886, 176)—וְחַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines (i.e. a group of allied families, making a raid together) was encamping 2 S 23:13 (= מַחֲנֵה 1 Ch 11:15); perhaps also ψ 68:11 (cf. infr.)
Note. —Several other passages are dub.: וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה 2 S 23:11 assembled into a troop, or by bands (RV, but neither rend. justif.: Bö Ew We Klo Dr rightly read לֶ֫חְיָה to Leḥi, cf. Ju 15:9; wd. om. by accident in ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr); חַיָּֽתְךָ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ ψ 68:11 thy troop dwelt in it (Thes SS RVm Hi Ri Che, but 𝔊 𝔖 Jer Pe thy (living) creatures, of the people; Hup id., ref. to quails; improb.); אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נֶפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךָ חַיַּת עֲנִיֶּיךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח לָנֶ֫צַח ψ 74:19 give not the soul of thy turtle-dove to the wild beasts, the life of thine afflicted do not forget for ever: RV Hi Pe Bae Sch render thus, giving חית diff. meanings in the two clauses, the former being archaic fem. abs. Ges§ 80, 2. R. 2; text doubtless corrupt, read poss. למות Schr Ri, for לחית, or לשׁחת Kroch; Gr either of these; Che either, or better לחרב.BDB חַיָּה².2
† חַיּוּת n.f. abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת 2 S 20:3, lit. ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Dr; We reads אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after 𝔊 χῆραι ζῶσαι, so SS.BDB חַיּוּת.2
† חַיִּים n.m. Dt 28:66 pl.abstr.emph. life, ח׳ Gn 2:7 +; חַיִּין Jb 24:22 (Aramaism Ges§ 87 (1) a); חַיֵּי Gn 23:1 +; sf. חַיַּי Gn 47:9 +; חַיָּ֑יְכִי ψ 103:4; (Ges§ 91 (2) R. 2), etc.;—
1. life: physical Gn 27:46 Ex 1:14 (P), Dt 28:66(×2) 2 S 11:11; 15:21 Is 38:12 Je 8:23 La 3:53, 58 Ez 7:13 Jb 3:20; 7:7; 9:21; 10:12; 24:22 ψ 7:6; 17:14; 21:5; 26:9; 31:11; 34:13; 63:4; 64:2; 66:9; 88:4; 103:4 Pr 18:21 Ec 2:17; 6:12; 7:13; 9:9(×2) 10:19 Jon 2:7; 4:3, 8; חַיֵּי שׂרה life of Sarah Gn 23:1 (P); שְׁנֵי ח׳ years of the life of 2 S 19:35 Gn 23:1; 25:7, 17; 47:8, 9(×2), 28 Ex 6:16, 18, 20 (P); שָׁנָה לח׳ Gn 7:11 (P); שְׁנוֹת חַיִּים Pr 3:2; 4:10; 9:11; יְמֵי ח׳ days of the life of Ec 2:3; 5:17, 19; 6:12; 8:15; 9:9; כֹּל יְמֵי ח׳ Gn 3:14, 17 (J) Dt 4:9; 6:2; 16:3; 17:19 Jos 1:5; 4:14 (D) 1 S 1:11; 7:15 1 K 5:1; 11:34; 15:5, 6, 2 K 25:29, 30 = Je 52:33, 34, Is 38:20 (poem of Hez.) ψ 23:6; 27:4; 128:5 Pr 31:12; בּח׳ in or during one’s life Gn 27:46 (P) Lv 18:18 (H) Ju 16:30 2 S 1:23; 18:18 ψ 49:19; 63:5; 104:33; 146:2 Jb 10:1 Ec 3:12; 9:3; רוּחַ ח׳ Gn 6:17; 7:15 (P); ח׳ רוּחִי Is 38:16 (poem of Hez.); ח׳ בשׂרים Pr 14:30; נִשְׁמַת (רוּחַ) ח׳ Gn 2:7; 7:22 (J).
2. life: as welfare and happiness in king’s presence Pr 16:15; as consisting of earthly felicity combined (often) with spiritual blessedness Dt 30:6, 15, 19(×2), 20; 32:47 ψ 30:6; 133:3 Pr 3:22; 4:13, 22; 8:35; 10:16; 11:19; 12:28; 19:23; 21:21; 22:4 Mal 2:5; used only once distinctly of eternal life (late) ח׳ עולם Dn 12:2; אֵל חַיָּ֑י ψ 42:9 God of my life; מעוז ח׳ ψ 27:1; מקור ח׳ ψ 36:10 Pr 10:11; 13:14; 14:27; 16:22; עֵץ (ה)חַיִּים Gn 2:9; 3:22, 24 (J) Pr 3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4; ארח ח׳ ψ 16:11 Pr 5:6; 15:24; ארח לח׳ Pr 10:17; ארחות ח׳ Pr 2:19; דֶּרֶךְ (ה)חַיִּים Pr 6:23 Je 21:8; חקּות ח׳ Ez 33:15; תּוצאות ח׳ Pr 4:23 sources (origin and direction) of life; תוכחת ח׳ Pr 15:31; כָּתוּב לַחַיִּים Is 4:3 written unto life.
3. sustenance, maintenance: חַיִּים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶיךָ Pr 27:27 maintenance for thy maidens, v. מִחְיָה infr.BDB חַיִּים.2
חיל v. I. II. חול supr.BDB חיל.2
† חִיל n.m. Ex 15:14 a writhing, anguish;—ח׳ abs. Ex 15:14 + 5 times—
1. writhing (contortions of fear) Ex 15:14 (‖ vb. רָגַז).
2. anguish, always in sim. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה ψ 48:7 (allied kings against Jerus.); Zion, before Assyrians Mi 4:9; before Scythians or Chaldeans Je 6:24 (‖ צָרָה), = 50:43 (of king of Babylon; ‖ צָרָה); 22:23 (‖ חבלים q.v.)BDB חִיל.2
חַ֫יִל244 n.m. 2 K 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Gn 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חֵיל Is 36:2 2 K 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Ex 14:28 + (on ψ 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Jb 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Je 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Ex 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5 + 19 times; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Is 30:6;—
1. strength, usually physical: a. seld. alone (chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4 ψ 18:33, 40 = 2 S 22:33, 40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Jb 21:7, cf. Ec 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל ψ 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ 2 Ch 26:13; of virility Pr 31:3; of י׳’s power ψ 59:12; 110:3, cf. Hb 3:19; strength of horse ψ 33:17; fig. of product of vine and fig-tree Jo 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי). b. of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Nu 24:18 (JE), 1 S 14:48 ψ 60:14 = 108:14, 118:15, 16. c. often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Jos 1:14 (D), 6:2; 8:3; 10:7 (all JE), Ju 6:12; 11:1; 1 S 9:1 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1; 15:20; 24:14, 16 1 Ch 5:24; 7:2, 9; 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ 2 Ch 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5, 7, 11, 40; 11:26 (v. also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Dt 3:18 Ju 18:2 + (v. בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Ju 3:29; 20:44, 46 1 S 31:12; 2 S 11:16; 23:20; (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל cf. Dr) = 1 Ch 11:22 (Kt חיל), 2 S 24:9 Na 2:4 Je 48:14 1 Ch 10:12 Ne 11:6 ψ 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Is 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Ec 12:3 metaph. of legs.
2. ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Gn 47:6 (J), Ex 18:21, 25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Pr 12:4; 31:10 Ru 3:11; cf. 1 K 1:42, 52 (opp. רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Ex 18:21 (E); עָשָׂה היל Pr 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Ru 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים 1 Ch 9:13, cf. אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה 26:8. So also 1 S 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, v. 𝔊 We Dr, men of worth, opp. בני בליעל v 27).for MT ח׳ force, band.
3. wealth Gn 34:29 Nu 31:9 (both P), Dt 8:17, 18; 33:11 Is 8:4; 10:14; 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v 11; 61:6 Mi 4:13 Je 15:13; 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Zp 1:13 Ez 26:12; 28:4, 5(×2) Zc 14:14 Jb 5:5; 15:29; 20:15, 18; 31:25 ψ 49:7, 11; 62:11; 73:12 Pr 13:22.
4. force, army, very often Ex 14:4, 9, 17, 28 (all P), 15:4 (song), 1 S 17:20; 2 S 8:9 2 K 6:4, 15; 25:1, 5(×2), 10 2 Ch 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), 14:7; 16:7; 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Je 32:2; 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ez 17:17; 27:10 +; Dn 11:7, 13, 25(×2), 26; = a band 1 S 10:26 (MT, but v. 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Is 36:2 = 2 K 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form cf. Sta§ 194 c); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא 1 Ch 20:1 2 Ch 26:13, חֵיל עָם Est 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Dn 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ 2 S 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v 4, 4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23 Je 40:7, 13; 41:11, 13, 16; 42:1, 8; 43:4, 5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Nu 31:14 (P).—חֵילוֹ Ez 32:31 om. B Hi Co; for חֵילֵךְ Ez 27:11 read prob. a n.pr.loc., cf. Da; Co proposes חתלון (cf. 47:15; 48:1), HalMél. Epigr. 1874, 69 חלך = Cilicia, v. LagM i, 211.BDB חַ֫יִל.2
חַיִל, חֵיל, חִיל, חִילָה, חֵילָם, חֵילָן v. sub I. II. חול supr.BDB חַיִל.2
† חִילָה n.f. anguish, Jb 6:10.BDB חִילָה.2
† חֵילָה ψ 48:14, v. חֵל supr.BDB חֵילָה.2
† חֵילָם n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan 2 S 10:16 (Th their army, but 𝔊 𝔖 I EwGesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n.2 We Dr) = חֵלָ֑א֯מָה v 17 (𝔊 Αιλαμ); + חילם Ez 47:16 (𝔊 Ηλιαμ) Co; according to this it lay on the border between Damascus and Hamath.BDB חֵילָם.2
† חִילֵן n.pr.loc. in Judah 1 Ch 6:43 = חֹלֹן 2.BDB חִילֵן.2
חִין v. sub חנן.BDB חִין.2
† חִין n.[m.] חִין עֶרְכּוֹ Jb 41:4 the grace of his proportions (= חֵן Aramaic חִנָּא) so AV RV Thes De Volck Da al.; meaning not very appropr. in context (description of crocodile); but nothing better has been proposed; v. suggestions in Di.BDB חִין².2
† חַ֫יִץ n.[m.] party-wall (NH id., prob. from Ez l.c.)—Ez 13:10, according to Ki מחיצה גרועה i.e. a thin or party-wall.BDB חַ֫יִץ.2
† חִיצוֹן adj. outer, external (opp. פְּנִימִי) f. חִיצוֹנָה (for חוֹצוֹן, by dissim., BaNB xxix PhilBAS ii. 2. 362 Ges§ 27. 3 R 6)—
1. 2 K 16:18 מְבוֹא הַמֶּלֶךְ הַחִיצוֹנָה the outer entry of the king (viz. to the Temple), Ez 44:1 the outer gate of the sanctuary, החצר החיצונה the outer court (of the Temple) Ez 10:5 40:17, 20, 31, 34, 37; 42:1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 14; 44:19, 1; 46:9, 20, 21, cf. Est 6:4 (of Ahasuerus’ palace), 2 Ch 33:14 חוֹמָה ח׳ an outer wall (built by Manasseh for the עִיר דָּוִיד); הַחִיצוֹן absol., in לַחִיצוֹן 1 K 6:29, 30, בַּחִיצוֹן Ez 41:17 (הַבַּיִת being understood) of the outer (part of the Temple), i.e. the Holy Place (cf. פְּנִימִי, פְּנִימָה, of the Holy of holies).
2. fig. outward, external הַמְּלָאבָה הַחִיצוֹנָה Ne 11:16 1 Ch 26:29, of business not distinctively sacred, in which Levites were engaged (cf. the NH use of ח׳ to denote extra-canonical, as Sanh. 10:1 [Jost, 11:1 Surenh.] ספרים החיצונים).BDB חִיצוֹן.2
חִיצוֹן, חַיִץ v. sub I. II. חוץ.BDB חִיצוֹן².2
† חֵיק, חֵק n.[m.] bosom (NH id.)—abs. חֵיק Ez 43:17 Pr 16:33 + Ez 43:13 (Co חיקו, cf. ZKW 1883, pp. 67 ff.; חֵיקֹה DrSm xxxi), חֵק Pr 21:14; cstr. חֵיק 1 K 22:35 + 3 times + Ez 43:14 (Co חיקו) חֵק Pr 5:20 (om. by accident in Baer, cf. Strad loc.) 17:23; sf. חֵיקִי 1 K 3:20 ψ 89:51; חֵקִי Jb 19:27 etc.; elsewhere always plene c. sf.; חוקך Kt ψ 74:11 (Qr חֵיקְךָ);—bosom, specif.
1. of fold of garment, at breast Ex 4:6(×2), 7(×3) (all J), Pr 6:27; 16:33, metaph. of י׳ ψ 74:11; שֹׁחַד בח׳ Pr 21:14 is a hidden reward (concealed in bosom; ‖ מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר); שֹׁחַד מֵחֵק 17:23 is a gift secretly given; fig., requite into bosom Is 65:6, 7; Je 32:18; cf. ψ 35:13; 79:12.
2. carry (נָשָׁא) in bosom, Moses the people Nu 11:12 (JE); Naomi, Ruth’s child Ru 4:16, cf. 1 K 3:20(×2); 17:19; ewe lamb 2 S 12:3 Is 40:11 (metaph.); La 2:12 of infants dying in their mothers’ arms; fig. of carrying insults in one’s bosom ψ 89:51 (read prob. כְּלִמַּת for כֹּל, v. Bi Che).
3. bosom as part of body: a. external, lie in bosom, of wife שׁכבת Mi 7:5, cf. 2 S 12:8; concubine Gn 16:5 (J) cf. 1 K 1:2; אֵשֶׁת חיק(ך) Dt 13:7; 28:54, cf. also Pr 5:20 תְּחַבֵּק חֵק נָכְרִיָּה; אִישׁ חֵיקָהּ Dt 28:56. b. internal, anger resteth בח׳ כסילים Ec 7:9; כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Jb 19:27 my reins are consumed within me; Jb 23:12 (read בְּחֵקִי for מֵחֻקִּי, so 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Me Stu Di) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth (cf. בְּלִבִּי ψ 119:11); fig. of interior of chariot 1 K 22:35 ח׳ הרכב; of hollow bottom of altar Ez 43:13, 14, 17 (Sm Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung).BDB חֵיק.2
חֵיק v. sub חוק.BDB חֵיק².2
חִירָה v. sub I. חור.BDB חִירָה.2
† חִירָם n.pr.m. Hiram (Ph. חרם; abbr. from foregoing)—ח׳ 2 S 5:11 + 18 times 1 K + Kt 1 Ch 14:1 2 Ch 4:11; 9:10 (all Qr חוּרָם); חִירוֹם 1 K 5:24, 32; 7:40; also חוּרָם 1 Ch 8:5 + 9 times Ch.—
1. king of Tyre, contemp. of David & Solomon 2 S 5:11 1 K 5:15(×2), 16, 21, 22, 24, 25(×2), 26, 32; 9:11(×2), 12, 14, 27; 10:11, 22 1 Ch 14:1 2 Ch 2:2, 10, 11; 8:2, 18; 9:10, 21.
2. an artificer of Tyre, sent by Hiram the king 1 K 7:13, 40(×2), 45 2 Ch 2:12; 4:11(×2), 16.
3. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:5.BDB חִירָם.2
חִירָם, חִירוֹם v. sub אח, אחה supr. p. 27b.BDB חִירָם².2
† חִישׁ adv. quickly, כי גז חישׁ ψ 90:10 of passing away of human life.BDB חִישׁ.2
חֵךְ v. sub I. חנך.BDB חֵךְ.2
† חֵךְ n.m. palate, roof of mouth, gums (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܶܢܟܳܐ, חִכָּא; Arabic حَنَكٌ palate, roof of mouth, jaws, lower part of mouth, lower jaw of horse, mouth, etc. Lane659 Dozyi. 332);—abs.ח׳ Jb 12:11; 34:3; sf. חִכִּי Pr 8:7 + 6 times, חִכְּךָ Ho 8:1, חִכֶּ֑ךָ Ez 3:26 Pr 24:13; chiefly poet., especially WisdLt:—חִכֵּךְ Ct 7:10, חִכּוֹ La 4:4 + 2 times, חִכָּהּ Pr 5:3, חִכָּם Jb 29:10;—palate, roof of mouth:
a. אֶל־חִכְּךָ שֹׁפָר Ho 8:1 a trumpet to thy palate! (or gums; as in Eng., to thy lips); often c. לָשׁוֹן, tongue clings (דבק) to חך, expression for speechlessness Ez 3:26 Jb 29:10, as imprecation ψ 137:6; for the parching of extreme thirst La 4:4 (בַּצָּמָא), cf. ψ 22:16 MT יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׂ כֹּחִי, read חִכִּי for כחי v. Checrit. n. (‖ לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י).
b. as organ of speech, Pr 5:3; 8:7 (both ‖ שְׂפָתַיִם), Jb 31:30; 33:2 דִּבְּרָה לְשׁוֹנִי בְחִכִּי (‖ פָּתַחְתִּי פִי).
c. as organ of taste Jb 12:11; 34:3, פִּרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִבִּי Ct 2:3 his fruit was sweet to my palate, Pr 24:13 (implied sim. of wisdom as sweet to the soul); fig. of God’s words as sweet לְח׳ ψ 119:103 (‖ פִּי); of taste as distinguishing misfortunes Jb 6:30 (‖ לָשׁוֹן; > others of speech); of keeping wickedness בְּתוֹךְ ח׳ Jb 20:13 (‖ תַּחַת לָשׁוֹן), i.e. delighting in and prolonging the taste of it.
d. nearly = mouth, as an element in personal sweetness and beauty Ct 5:16; 7:10.BDB חֵךְ².2
חַכָּה v. sub חנך.BDB חַכָּה.2
† [חָכָה] vb. wait, await—
Qal Pt. pl. cstr. חוֹכֵי Is 30:18, with לְ waiting for him (י׳).
Pi. חִכָּה Jb 32:4; חִכְּתָה ψ 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Is 8:17; חִכּוּ ψ 106:13; חִכִּינוּ 2 K 7:9; Impf. יְחַכֶּה Is 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה 2 K 9:3; Imv. חַכֵּה־ Hb 2:3; חַכּוּ Zp 3:8; Inf. cstr. כְּחַכֵּי Ho 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); Pt. מְחַכֶּה Dn 12:12; cstr. מְחַכֵּה Is 64:3; pl. מְחַכִּים Jb 3:21;— 1. wait, tarry, abs. 2 K 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light 2 K 7:9; c. acc. את איוב בדברים Jb 32:4 tarry for Job with words. 2. wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Ho 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man AV RV De, or as marauders lie in wait Hi Ew (taking אישׁ as cstr.) 3. wait for, await, with לְ. for י׳ Is 8:17; 64:3 Zp 3:8 ψ 33:20; for his counsel ψ 106:13; for his vision Hb 2:3; for death Jb 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Is 30:18 (Di regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); abs. waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Dn 12:12.BDB חָכָה.2
† חַכָּה n.f. hook fastened in jaw, fish-hook (NH id., Aramaic חַכְּתָא)—abs. ח׳ Jb 40:25 + 2 times;—כָּל־מַשְׁלִיכֵי בַיְאֹר חַכָּ֑ה Is 19:8 (‖ הַדַּיָּגִים), כֻּלֹּה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה Hb 1:15 (of אדם, who, v 14, is comp. to דְּגֵי הַיָּם, and רֶמֶשׂ), cf. תִּמְשֹׁךְ לִוְיָתָן בְּחַכָּ֑ה Jb 40:25.BDB חַכָּה².2
† חֲכִילָה n.pr.loc. (dark) a hill in southern Judah, on edge of wilderness of Ziph 1 S 23:19; 26:1, 3 (GlaserSkizze ii, 326 reads also for חוילה, q.v., in 1 S 15:7); 𝔊 Εχελα (26:1 B Χελμαθ, A Αχιλα) always c. art.BDB חֲכִילָה.2
חכל (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَكَلَ iv. be confused, vague; حُكْلَةٌ barbarousness, or impediment in speech; Assyrian ekêlu, be gloomy, êklu, dark, eklitu, darkness, Dl in ZimBP 115, W. 385 ff., cf. JägerBAS ii, 282).BDB חכל.2
† חֲכַלְיָה n.pr.m. (meaning dub.; perhaps חַכֵּה לְיָהּ wait for Yahweh, √ חכה, so We?)—father of Nehemiah Ne 1:1, 𝔊 Χελκ(ε)ια, 𝔊L Χελκιασ(ου), א A Αχαλια; 10:2 𝔊 Αχελια, A 𝔊L Αχαλια.BDB חֲכַלְיָה.2
† חַכְלִילוּת n.f. dulness, of eyes in drunkenness, לְמִי חַכ׳עֵינָֽיִם׃ Pr 23:29 (v 30 לַמְאַחֲרִים עַל־הַיָּ֑יִן).BDB חַכְלִילוּת.2
† חַכְלִילִי adj. (dark) dull, from wine, ח׳ עינים מִיָּ֑יִן Gn 49:12.BDB חַכְלִילִי.2
† חָכַם vb. be wise (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܟܰܡ, חֲכַם id.; Zinj. חכמה wisdom, DHMSendsch. 57; Assyrian ḫakâmu, know (with exceptional חֿ v. DlPr 178 f.); Arabic حَكَمَ restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; iv. make firm, sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill)—
Qal Pf. ח׳ Pr 23:15; 3 fs. חָֽכְמָה Zc 9:2; הָכַמְתָּ Pr 9:12(×2), etc. + 3 times Pf.; Impf. יֶחְכַּם Pr 9:9; 21:11; וַיֶּחְכַּם 1 K 5:11; יֶחְכָּ֑ם Pr 20:1 +; וֶ֯חְכָּ֑ם Pr 13:20; תֶּחְכַּם Pr 19:20; אֶחְכָּ֑מָה Ec 7:23; pl. יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ Jb 32:9; Imv. חֲכַם Pr 27:11; חֲכָ֑ם Pr 6:6; 23:19 + 13:20 Kt; חֲכָ֑מוּ Pr 8:33;—be or become wise, act wisely Dt 32:29 (poet.) 1 K 5:11 Jb 32:9 Pr 6:6; 8:33; 9:9, 12(×2); 13:20; 19:20; 20:1; 21:11; 23:19; 27:11 Ec 2:15; 7:23 Zc 9:2; אם חכם לבך if thy mind be wise Pr 23:15; c. acc. שׁחכמתי Ec 2:19 wherein I have acted wisely.
Pi. Impf. יְחַכֵּם ψ 105:22; sf. יְחַכְּמֵנוּ Jb 35:11; תְּחַכְּמֵנִי ψ 119:98; all make wise, teach wisdom, c. acc.
Pu. Pt. made wise, intensive, as it were the embodiment of wisdom חוֹבֵר חֲבָרִים מְחֻכָּם ψ 58:6, pl. הֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים Pr 30:24 (of intelligent animals).
Hiph. Pt. cstr. מַחְכִּימַת פֶּ֑תִי ψ 19:8 making wise the simple.
Hithp. Impf. נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ Ex 1:10 (E) let us deal wisely (shrewdly) toward it (the people); 2 ms. תִּתְחַכַּם Ec 7:16 make or shew thyself wise.BDB חָכַם.2
† חָכָם adj. wise, ח׳ Dt 4:6 + 67 times; cstr. חֲכַם Is 3:3 + 9 times; pl. חֲכָמִים Dt 1:13 + 39 times; cstr. חַכְמֵי Ex 28:3 + 4 times; sf. חֲכָמֶיךָ Is 19:12 etc. + 8 times; f. חֲכָמָה 2 S 14:2; 20:16; cstr. חַכְמַת Ex 35:25; pl. חֲכָמוֹת Je 9:16; cstr. חַכְמוֹת Ju 5:29 Pr 14:1 (but read חָכְמוֹת De);—
1. skilful in technical work; artificers Is 3:3; sailors Ez 27:8, so (prob.) v 9; mourning women Je 9:16; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Ex 28:3; 31:6; 35:10; 36:1, 2, 4, 8 (P), 1 Ch 22:15 2 Ch 2:6, 12, 13(×2); women in spinning Ex 35:25 (P); goldsmiths and other artisans Je 10:9; makers of idol-images Is 40:20.
2. wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Gn 41:33, 39 (E); heads of tribes Dt 1:13, 15, judges 16:19; of David 2 S 14:20, of Solomon 1 K 2:9; 3:12; 5:21 = 2 Ch 2:11; the prince of Tyre, in satire Ez 28:3; of kings in general Pr 20:26; class of political advisers of Judah Is 29:14 Je 18:18, appar. also Is 5:21; of Egypt Is 19:11(×2), 12, Edom Ob 8, the nations Je 10:7; so of God Is 31:2.
3. shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab 2 S 13:3; the princesses Ju 5:29; אשׁה חכמה wise woman 2 S 14:2; 20:16; gen., Je 9:22; intelligent animals Pr 30:24; לכד ח׳ בערמם taking the cunning in their craft Jb 5:13; חכם בעיני wise in one’s own eyes Pr 3:7; 26:5, 12, 16; 28:11; חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Jb 37:24.
4. pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E), Ex 7:11 (P; cf. Is 19:11(×2), 12); Babylon Is 44:25 Je 50:35; 51:57; Persia Est 1:13; 6:13.
5. prudent, towards king Pr 16:14; in controversies Pr 11:29; 29:8, 9, 11; religious affairs Ho 13:13; 14:10 Je 4:22; 8:8, 9 Dt 4:6; 32:6 ψ 107:43; אישׁ ח׳ Je 9:11.
6. wise, ethically and religiously, in WisdLt: a. as adj., חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Pr 10:8; 16:21; לֵב חָכָם Ec 8:5; of the son Pr 10:1 = 15:20, 13:1; 23:24; Ec 2:19; ילד ח׳ Ec 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳ Jb 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳ wise reprover Pr 25:12. b. = subst.: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Pr 14:16; is silent Pr 17:28; hearkens to counsel Pr 12:15; hears and increases in learning Pr 1:5; his ear seeketh knowledge Pr 18:15; he receives it Pr 21:11; and stores it up Pr 10:14; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Pr 15:31; and he becomes wiser through it Pr 9:8, 9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Jb 15:2; he tells the experience of the past Jb 15:18; has knowledge Jb 34:2; teaches it Ec 12:9; disperses it Pr 15:7; his tongue is health Pr 12:18; it utters knowledge aright Pr 15:2; his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Pr 16:23; his words are gracious Ec 10:12; it is good to hear his rebuke Ec 7:5; his instruction is a fountain of life Pr 13:14; one walking with him becomes wiser Pr 13:20. The חכמים recall the Gk. σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Pr 1:6; 22:17 (cf. 24:23), Ec 9:17; 12:11; God himself is חכם לבב Jb 9:4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no advantage over the fool Ec 6:8; but die as the fool Ec 2:16(×2) ψ 49:11; they will not be able to find the works of God Ec 8:17; like others are in the hands of God Ec 9:1; they do not secure bread Ec 9:11; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Pr 21:20; his lips preserve him Pr 14:3; they inherit glory Pr 3:35; wealth is their crown Pr 14:24; the wise man is strong Pr 24:5 Ec 7:19; his eyes are in his head Ec 2:14; his mind is at his right hand Ec 10:2; he interprets things Ec 8:1. (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Pr 11:30; scales the city of the mighty Pr 21:22; though poor he delivers the city Ec 9:15; is a reproof to scorners Pr 15:12; his mind is in the house of mourning Ec 7:4; injustice makes him foolish Ec 7:7; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Jb 17:10.BDB חָכָם.2
† חָכְמָה n.f. wisdom, ח׳ Ex 28:3 + 106 times; cstr. חָכְמַת Ex 35:35 + 15 times; sf. חָכְמָתִי Ec 2:9, etc. + 25 times sf.; pl. abst. חָכְמוֹת ψ 49:4 Pr 1:20; 9:1; 24:7 (GK§ 861); חַכְמוֹת Pr 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adj. cstr. f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);—
1. skill in war Is 10:13; in technical work Ex 28:3; 31:3, 6; 35:26, 31, 35; 36:1, 2 (P), cf. 1 K 7:14, 1 Ch 28:21; of sailors ψ 107:27.
2. wisdom, in administration Dt 34:9 Is 29:14 Je 49:7(×2) 2 S 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ez 28:4, 5, 7, 12, 17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness 1 K 2:6; 3:28; 5:9, 10, 14(×2), 26; 10:4, 6, 7, 8, 23, 24 = 2 Ch 9:3, 5, 6, 7, 22, 23, 1 K 11:41 2 Ch 1:10, 11, 12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Is 11:2.
3. shrewdness, wisdom, 2 S 20:22 1 K 5:10(×2) Je 9:23; withheld by God from the ostrich Jb 39:17; of magicians and prophets Is 47:10 Dn 1:4, 17, 20.
4. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Dt 4:6 ψ 37:30; 51:8; 90:12 Pr 10:31 Is 33:6 Je 8:9.
5. wisdom, ethical and religious: a. of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Jb 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Jb 38:37; founded the earth Pr 3:19; and made all things Je 10:12 = 51:15, ψ 104:24; it is with him Jb 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Jb 28:12, 20; he alone knows it Jb 28:23; gives it Pr 2:6; and shews its secrets Jb 11:6. b. the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Pr 8:22—31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction 9:1 (cf. v2—5); she teaches in public places 1:20; 8:1, 5, 11, 12 (v. context); gives her pupils the divine spirit 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded 8:14 (cf. v1—21). c. of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Pr 4:7(×2); its fundamental principle is to fear God ψ 111:10 Pr 15:33 Jb 28:28 (‖ סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Pr 9:10; 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Jb 28:18 Pr 8:11; 16:16; 17:16; 23:23; 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Pr 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ec 2:26; men are to incline the ear Pr 2:2; attend unto wisdom Pr 5:1; seek Ec 7:25; know Pr 24:14 Ec 1:17; 8:16; behold Ec 2:12; 9:13; get her Pr 4:5, 7; treat her as sister Pr 7:4; happy the man who finds her Pr 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 10:23; נָבוֹן Pr 10:13; 14:33; מֵבִין Pr 17:24; cf. also ψ 49:4 Jb 4:21; 12:2, 12; 13:5; 15:8; 26:3; 32:7, 13; 33:33 Pr 1:2, 7; 2:10; 4:11; 11:2; 13:10; 14:1, 8; 18:4; 21:30; 24:3; 28:26; 29:3, 15; 31:26 Ec 1:13, 16(×2), 18; 2:3, 9, 13, 21; 7:10, 11, 12(×2), 19, 23; 8:1; 9:10, 15, 16(×2), 18; 10:1, 10;—on Solomon’s wisdom v. supr.BDB חָכְמָה.2
† חַכְמוֹנִי n.pr.m. (wise)—
1. father of one of David’s warriors 1 Ch 11:11.
2. father of the tutor of David’s sons 1 Ch 27:32.BDB חַכְמוֹנִי.2
† חֵל, חֵיל n.m. Ob 20 rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm 91 n.2)—abs. חֵיל Na 3:8, חֵל La 2:8 + 3 times (+ ψ 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל 1 K 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ ψ 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ ψ 48:11, Ol§ 40 c. 75 g. 96 e Sta§ 347 c;—
1. rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s.v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1 La 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4 (v. StaZAW i. 1881, 15), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Na 3:8; of Zion ψ 122:7, also 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל 1 K 21:23 read prob. חֵלֶק, q.v.
2. fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ob 20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).BDB חֵל.2
חֹל v. sub III. חלל.BDB חֹל.2
חֵל v. חֵיל sub I. חול.BDB חֵל².2
† חֹל n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל 1 S 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v 6; in concrete sense, opp. קֹדֶשׁ Lv 10:10 (P), Ez 22:26; 42:20; 44:23; 48:15.BDB חֹל².2
II. חלא (√ of foll.; DHM in MV comp. Sab. פחֿטאת ותחלאן she sinned and defiled herself).BDB חלא.2
† I. [חָלָא] vb. be sick, diseased (= חלה, v. Ges§ 75, 22)—
Qal Impf. וַיֶּחֱלֶא אָסָא … בְּרַגְלָיו 2 Ch 16:12 (= חלה 1 K 15:23).BDB חָלָא.2
† I. [חֶלְאָה] n.f. rust (perhaps as filth v. supr.)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Ez 24:6, 12 + v 11, 12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v 6 חֶלְאָתָהֿ (cf. Ges§ 91, 1; R. 2) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.BDB חֶלְאָה.2
† II. חֶלְאָה n.pr.f. (meaning dub.)—wife of Ashḫur (of Judah) ‘father’ of Tekoah 1 Ch 4:5, 7 𝔊 Αωδα, Αοαδα, Αλαα, Ελαα, Ελεα.BDB חֶלְאָה².2
חֲלָאִים v. חֲלִי sub III. חלה.BDB חֲלָאִים.2
חֵלָ֑אמָה v. חֵילָם sub I. חול.BDB חֵלָ֑אמָה.2
I. חלב (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).BDB חלב.2
I. חֵ֫לֶב n.m. Ex 29:13 fat (NH id., fat, so Ph. חלב (prob.); Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (also diaphragm in Lexx., v. PS1274) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Arabic خِلْبٌ, incl. midriff-fat, RSSem i. 360);—ח׳ abs. Lv 3:16 + 40 times; cstr. Gn 45:18 + 21 times; sf. חֶלְבּוֹ Lv 3:9 + 6 times; חֶלְבָּהּ Lv 4:31, 35, חֶלְבָּם Nu 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ ψ 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן Lv 8:16, 25 (read n.pl. חלביהן Sam. Di); pl. הַחֲלָבִים Lv 8:26 + 7 times; cstr. חֶלְבֵי Lv 6:5 + 4 times; sf. חֶלְבֵהֶן Gn 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Di, cf. Lv 8:16, 25 supr.);—
1. fat of human body Ju 3:22 (covering intestines); ח׳גִּבּוֹרִים 2 S 1:22 as smearing warrior’s shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Jb 15:27; fat (of midriff) fig. of unreceptive heart ח׳ סָֽגְרוּ ψ 17:10, v. also 73:7 (read מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Ew Ol De Che Bae al.); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם ψ 119:70 i.e. their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it.
2. fat of beasts: a. as rich food (poet.) Dt 32:14 and in sim. ψ 63:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן); so MT Ez 34:3 (but read הֶחָלָב, v. חָלָב), 39:19 (𝔖 Co בשׂר). b. especially as offered in sacrifice, sg., to י׳ Ex 23:18 (JE), 1 S 2:15, 16 Ex 29:13(×2), 22(×3) Lv 3:3(×2), 4, 9(×3), 10, 14(×2), 15 + 23 times Lv, Nu 18:17 (all P), Lv 17:6 (H), 1 S 15:22 Is 1:11; 43:24 Ez 44:7, 15; v. Is 34:6(×2), 7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳’s sword (under fig. of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Dt 32:38; (poet.), not to be eaten by men Lv 3:17; 7:23, 24(×2), 25 (all P); also pl., fat parts or pieces Gn 4:4 (J) Lv 6:5 + 8 times Lv, 1 K 8:64(×2) 2 Ch 7:7(×2); 29:35; 35:14.
3. choicest, best part of products of land Gn 45:18 (E), specif. of oil Nu 18:12 and wine v 12; of corn and oil v 29, 30, 32; also (poet.) ח׳ כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה Dt 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (i.e. the very choicest, cf. Is 34:6), ח׳ חִטָּה ψ 81:17, ח׳ חִטִּים 147:14.BDB חֵ֫לֶב.2
† חָלָב n.m. milk (NH id. (and vb. denom.); Aramaic חַלְבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ, Ph. חלב; Arabic حَليبٌ n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ vb. milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, v. DlPr 174; Ethiopic ሐሊብ )—ח׳ abs. Gn 18:18 + 35 times + Ez 34:3 (v. infr.); cstr. חֲלֵב Ex 23:19 + 5 times; sf. חֲלָבִי Ct 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Ez 25:4;—milk:
a. as common food Gn 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.v.), חֲלֵב צֹאן Dt 32:14 (poet.; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Ju 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה Pr 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יֹאכַל חֶמְאָה Is 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; cf. also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk, i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Jb 21:24 (v. Ew De Di VB), and kept in skins (נֹאוד ח׳) Ju 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Ez 25:4 (cf. השׁקה Ju 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Ez 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, 𝔊 𝔙 Bö Hi-Sm Co, al.; it was poured out, v. sim. of formation of the embryo הֲלֹא כֶח׳ תַּתִּיכֵנִי Jb 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Pr 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (RSSem i. 204). (2) c. אֵם mother’s milk: of kid לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Ex 23:19 = 34:26 (JE) = Dt 14:21, cf. טְלֵה ח׳ 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Is 28:9 weaned from milk (‖ עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם); fig. in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Is 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (‖ וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים תִּינָ֑קִי). (3) ח׳ with wine, as especially delicacy Ct 5:1 (v. De), fig. of י׳’s choicest blessings Is 55:1. (4) often in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֑שׁ (דְּבַשׁ) flowing with milk and honey Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:3 Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE), Lv 20:24 (H), Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 Jos 5:6 Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15, of Egypt Nu 16:13; the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Jo 4:18 (‖ יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); fig. of charms of loved one דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ Ct 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue.
b. milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Gn 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ מֵח׳ La 4:7 they were whiter than milk (‖ זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also prob. of eyes (iris) רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳ Ct 5:12 bathed in milk, i.e. the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice v. RSSem 204.BDB חָלָב.2
II. חלב (√ of foll.; perhaps cf. Assyrian ḫalâbu, be covered, VR 8:83 LyonManual, Gloss, ḫallibu, cover, clothe, IR18, 68 ḫallubtu, clothing, LyonSargontexte 14, ḫitlupatu, naḫlapu (read b for p) Schr COT Gloss).BDB חלב².2
† II. חֵ֫לֶב n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr.m. חֿלבן = the crafty one Sab.Denkm. 27. 28)—one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:29 (but read חלד(י), v. Dr), 𝔊 Εσθαει, A Αλαφ, 𝔊L Αλλαν (= חֵלֶד 1 Ch 11:30 = חֶלְדַּי 27:15).BDB חֵ֫לֶב².2
† חֶלְבָּה n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Ju 1:31, site unknown, 𝔊 Χεβδα, 𝔊L Ελβα; (comp. Assyrian Maḫalliba Schr Dl, but v. אַחְלָב infr.)BDB חֶלְבָּה.2
† חֶלְבּוֹן n.pr.loc. place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳ Ez 27:18; so also Assyrian n.pr.terr. Ḫibunim or Hilbunu, v. SchrCOT and Dl in Co Mod. Ḫalbûn, NW. from Damascus, Wetzst ZMG xi. 1857, 490 f. BdPal. 341.BDB חֶלְבּוֹן.2
† חֶלְבְּנָה n.f. (Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܢܻܝܬܳܐ, חֶלְבְּנִיתָא 𝔊 χαλβάνη, 𝔙 galbanum)—a kind of gum Ex 30:34, ingredient of the holy incense, v. Di Löw115.BDB חֶלְבְּנָה.2
I. חלד (√ of foll.; Arabic خَلَدَ abide, continue, often in Qor of righteous in Paradise).BDB חלד.2
† חֵ֫לֶד n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חֿלד DHMEpigr. Denkm. 35) one of David’s heroes, son of בַּעֲנָה 1 Ch 11:30 A 𝔊L Αλαδ (= חֶלְדַּי 27:15 = חֵלֶב 2 S 23:29).BDB חֵ֫לֶד.2
† חֶ֫לֶד n.[m.] Jb 11:17 duration, world (= αἰών) (Arabic خُلْدٌ perpetual duration, eternity)—abs. ח׳ ψ 17:14; חָ֑לֶד Jb 11:17 + 2 times + Is 38:11 Che De, sq. Cod. Bab. etc. (Baer חָ֑דֶל); sf. חֶלְדִּי ψ 39:6; = duration of life Jb 11:17 ψ 39:6 (‖ יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָ֑לֶד 89:48 of what duration I am Dr§ 189. 2, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hi Ew Now al.; world (= αἰών, not κόσμος) ψ 17:14; 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ ‖ כל־עמים), cf. Is 38:11 (v. supr.; ‖ אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).BDB חֶ֫לֶד.2
† חֹ֫לֶד n.[m.] weasel (NH חוּלְדָּא; Arabic خُلْدٌ mole or blind-rat, or a species of rat; on format. v. LagBN 144)—weasel Lv 11:29 (Vrss Ki Thes al. v. especially Di; >Saad Bö MV SS Lag l.c. mole).BDB חֹ֫לֶד.2
II. חלד (√ of foll.; cf. NH חלד dig, or hollow out, Aramaic ܚܠܰܕ creep, crawl).BDB חלד².2
† חֻלְדָּה n.pr.f. prophetess, Josiah’s time, 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, 𝔊 Ολδα.BDB חֻלְדָּה.2
† חֶלְדַּי n.pr.m.
1. one of David’s heroes 1 Ch 27:15 (= חֵלֶד 11:30 = חֵלֶב 2 S 23:29) 𝔊 Χολδεια (—δαι), 𝔊L Ολδια.
2. a returned exile Zc 6:10 (om. 𝔊) = חֵלֶם v 14.BDB חֶלְדַּי.2
III. חלה (adorn; cf.Arabic حَلَى adorn, حَلْىٌ (neck-)ornament).BDB חלה.2
† חַלָּה n.f. a kind of cake (prob. as perforated, v. Di Lv 2:4)—ח׳ abs. Nu 15:20 Lv 24:5; cstr. חַלַּת Ex 29:23 + 4 times; pl. חַלּוֹת Lv 2:4 + 2 times; חַלֹּת Ex 29:2 + 3 times—used in offerings:
1. at the sacrif. of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering 2 S 6:19.
2. elsewhere only P (H Lv 24:5(×2)): a. of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy place, made of סלת Lv 24:5(×2). b. made of ראשׁית ערסת as an offering of first-fruits Nu 15:20. c. of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the עוֹלָה Ex 29:23 = Lv 8:26. d. of מַצָּה burnt on the altar with c Lv 8:26, but usually to be eaten by participants in the several forms of peace-offering Nu 6:19, and as such mingled with oil Ex 29:2 Lv 2:4 7:12(×2) Nu 6:15. e. ח׳ לחם חמץ to be used by the offerer in connexion with the unleavened cakes of d Lv 7:13.BDB חַלָּה.2
† I. חָלָה vb. be weak, sick (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלָא suffer (rare); Assyrian ḫalû, sickness, grief, DlPr 181)—
Qal Pf. ח׳ 1 K 14:1 + 8 times; 2 fs. חָלִית Is 57:10; 1 s. חָלִיתִי 1 S 30:13 + 2 times; וְחָלִי֫תִי consec. Ju 16:7, 11, 17, חָלוּ֫ Je 5:3 (so read, v. infr.); Impf. וַיָּ֑חַל 2 K 1:2; Inf. sf. חֲלֹתוֹ Is 38:9; חֲלוֹתִי ψ 77:11 cf. sub Pi.; חֲלוֹתָם ψ 35:13; Pt. חֹלֶה Gn 48:1 + 6 times + 1 S 22:8 (v. infr.); חוֹלֶה Ne 2:2 Mal 1:13; f. חוֹלָה Ec 5:12 + 3 times (for Je 4:31 v. I. חוּל), cstr. חוֹלַת Ct 2:5; 5:8;— 1. be or become weak, Samson Ju 16:7, 11, 17; feel weak Is 57:10 (Che) Ez 34:4, 16. 2. become sick, ill Gn 48:1 (E) 1 S 19:14; 30:13 1 K 14:1, 5; 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא 2 Ch 16:2) 17:17 2 K 1:2; 8:7; 13:14 (c. acc. cogn.) 20:12 = Is 39:1, Is 33:24; 38:9 Pr 23:35 ψ 35:13 Ne 2:2, cf. ψ 77:11 חֲלוֹתִי for חַלּוֹתִי Che after Bi; lame and sick—i.e. imperfect for sacrifice—of animals Mal 1:8, 13; sick from effect of wounds 2 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 22:6, cf. Pr 23:35, מַכָּה with חֳלִי Dt 28:59, 61 Je 6:7; 10:19; hyperbol. sick from love חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אני Ct 2:5; 5:8; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת 2 K 20:1 = Is 38:1, ח׳עד־למות (late) 2 Ch 32:24; Je 5:3 read prob. לֹא חָלוּ֫ (for MT חָ֫לוּ, v. I. חול) of the people, unmoved by י׳’s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not sick (cf. Niph. Am 6:6); of sickness of the mind in MT 1 S 22:8 sq. עַל (but read rather חֹמֵל 𝔊 Gr Klo Dr); pt. as adj. severe, sore רָעָה חוֹלָה Ec 5:12, 15;—on Je 4:31 v. I. חול.
Niph. Pf. 1 s. נֶחֱלֵיתִי Dn 8:27; 3 pl. נֶחְלוּ Am 6:6 Je 12:13; Pt. f. נַחֲלָה Is 17:11 + 4 times; pl. נַחְלוֹת Ez 34:4 (del. Co) v 21;— 1. make oneself sick, fig. for strain oneself Je 12:13 (but Gr נִלְאוּ). 2. be made sick Dn 8:27; לֹא נֶח׳ of indifference, apathy Am 6:6 sq. על (cf. Qal Je 5:3); pt. diseased, as subst. c. art. Ez 34:4 (del. Co) v 21; = severe, sore (pred. of מַכָּה) Na 3:19 Je 10:19; 14:17; 30:12; also (מַכָּה om.) Is 17:11.
Pi. Pf. חִלָּה make sick, c. acc. cogn. + בְּ of land Dt 29:21; Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא ψ 77:11 read prob. חֲלוֹתִי, Inf. Qal, my sickness, so Bi Che (others der. from חלל my wounding, v. De).—For other forms of Pi. v. II. חלה.
Pu. Pf. be made weak, 2 ms. חֻלֵּיתָ Is 14:10.
Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְחָ֑ל 2 S 13:6; Imv. הִתְחָ֑ל 2 S 13:5; Inf. הִתְחַלּוֹת 2 S 13:2;—make oneself sick, of Ammon’s morbid passion for his sister 2 S 13:2, sq. בַּעֲבוּר; of his pretended sickness of body 2 S 13:5, 6.
Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶחֱלִי Is 53:10; 1 s. הֶהֱלֵתִי Mi 6:13; pl. הֶחֱלוּ Ho 7:5 (on text v. infr.); Pt. מַחֲלָה Pr 13:12;— 1. make (sick, i.e.) sore thy smiting הַכּוֹתֶ֑ךָ Mi 6:13 (cf. Na 3:19, Niph.); obj. (implic.) a person, וי׳ חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ הֶחֱלִי Is 53:10 it pleased י׳ to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise him sorely, v. further Di. 2. make sick, obj. לֵב (of hope deferred) Pr 13:12. 3. shew (signs of) sickness, become sick, only הֶח׳ שׂרים חֲמַת מִיָּ֑יִן Ho 7:5 princes are become sick with fever of wine (Now Che VB; > Vrss Hi-St who read הֵחֵלּוּ they begin the day with wine-fever).
Hoph. Pf. be made sick = wounded הָֽחֳלֵיתִי 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, 2 Ch 35:23.BDB חָלָה.2
† II. [חָלָה] vb. only Pi. sq. פְּנֵי, פָּנֶיךָ, פָּנַיִךְ = mollify, appease, entreat the favour of, lit. make the face of any one sweet or pleasant (cf. Arabic حَلَا, حَلِىَ be sweet, pleasant, Aramaic ܚܠܻܝ, חֲלִי, id., adj. חָלֵי sweet);—
Pi. Pf. חִלָּה 2 Ch 33:12, חִלִּיתִי 1 S 13:12 ψ 119:58, וְחִלּוּ consec. Jb 11:19, חִלִּינוּ Dn 9:13; Impf. וַיְחַל Ex 32:11 + 3 times, יְחַלּוּ ψ 45:13 Pr 19:6; Imv. חַל־נָא 1 K 13:6, חַלּוּ־נָא Mal 1:9; Inf. cstr. לְחַלּוֹת Zc 7:2 + 2 times;— 1. ח׳ את־פני־י׳: a. mollify, pacify, appease י׳, i.e. induce him to shew favour in place of wrath and chastisement Ex 32:11 (JE), 1 K 13:6 (+ הִתְפַּלֵּל), v 6 2 K 13:4 Je 26:19 (+ וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם), 2 Ch 33:12 (‖ וַיִּכָּנַע מאד מִלִּפְנֵי), Dn 9:13; also ח׳ פני־אֵל Mal 1:9 (sq. וִיחָנֵּ֑נוּ that he may be gracious to us). b. entreat the favour of י׳, i.e. aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, 1 S 13:12 (in anticipation of war), Zc 8:21, 22 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳; of cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem for worship), Zc 7:2 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳) of worship at Jerusalem; quite gen., as habit of God-fearing man, ψ 119:58 (+ בְּכָל־לֵב). 2. entreat favour of men (in sense of 1 b)—רַבִּים יְח׳ פני־נָדִיב Pr 19:6 many entreat a prince’s favour (‖ וְכָל־הָרֵעַ לְאִישׁ מַתָּן); יח׳ פָּנַיִךְ ψ 45:13 of favour of king’s bride; וְח׳ פָּנֶיךָ רַבִּים Jb 11:19 favour of Job when absolved and restored.BDB חָלָה².2
† חֲלוֹם n.m. Gn 37:10 dream;—ח׳ abs. Gn 37:5 +, cstr. Gn 20:3, חֲלֹם abs. Gn 20:6, cstr. 31:24; sf. חֲלוֹמִי Gn 40:9, 16, חֲלֹמִי Gn 41:17, 22, חֲלֹמוֹ Gn 40:5 + 5 times; pl. חֲלֹמוֹת Je 23:32 + 10 times etc., + 7 times sf.—dream
1. ordinary dream of sleep Jb 7:14; 20:8 ψ 73:20 Ec 5:2, 6 Is 29:7.
2. dreams with prophetic meaning, the lowest grade of prophecy (v. BrMP 6): a. dream of Abimelek Gn 20:3, 6, of Jacob 31:10, 11, Laban 31:24, Joseph 37:5, 6, 8, 9(×2), 10, 19, 20; 42:9, Pharaoh and his servants 40:5(×3), 8, 9(×2), 16; 41:7, 8, 11(×2), 12(×2), 15(×2), 17, 22, 25, 26, 32; of a lower order of prophets than Moses Nu 12:6, (all E, not elsewhere in Hex.), Jb 33:15, of Midianite Ju 7:13(×2), 15, desired by Saul 1 S 28:6, 15; of Sol. 1 K 3:5, 15; of old men in latter days Jo 3:1, of Nebuchad. Dn 2:1, 2, 3(×2) Daniel הֵבִין בְּכָל־חָזוֹן וַחֲלֹמוֹת Dn 1:17 had understanding in all visions and dreams. b. of false prophets Dt 13:2, 4, 6 Je 23:27, 28(×2), 32; 27:9; 29:8 Zc 10:2.BDB חֲלוֹם.2
† חַלּוֹן n.m. Jos 2:18 and f. Ez 40:16 window, abs. הַחַלּוֹן Gn 26:8 + 12 times; cstr. חַלּוֹן Gn 8:6 Pr 7:6; sf. חַלּוֹנָו֯ Ez 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Ez 40:25 + 3 times; cstr. חַלּוֹנֵי 1 K 6:4; sf. חַלּוֹנָי֑ Je 22:14 (defective pl. Ges§ 87 (1)c, dual Ew§ 177 a, but read יו סָפוֹן Mich Hi Gf Or Gie); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Je 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Ez 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹת Ct 2:9 + 3 times; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Gn 8:6 (P) 2 K 13:17; עלה בח׳ Je 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Gn 26:8 Jos 2:15 (J) Ju 5:28 1 S 19:12 2 S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29, 2 K 9:30 Jo 2:9; latticed windows 1 K 6:4 Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; בּח׳ Jos 2:18, 21 (J) Pr 7:6 Zp 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ 2 K 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Ct 2:9; windows of palace, קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי(ו) Je 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 22, 25(×2), 29, 33, 36, of the temple itself Ez 41:16(×2).BDB חַלּוֹן.2
† חֹלוֹן, חֹלֹן n.pr.loc.
1. in Moab חֹלוֹן Je 48:21 (𝔊 Χελων, Χαιλων.
2. in Judah חֹלֹן Jos 15:51 (𝔊 Χαλου, 𝔊L Χειλου); priestly city 21:15 (𝔊 Γελλα, 𝔊L Ιλων) = חִילֵן 1 Ch 6:43 (𝔊L Χελων).BDB חֹלוֹן.2
† חֲלוֹף n.m. a passing away, vanishing (properly Inf. of חלף)—בְּנֵי ח׳ Pr 31:8 i. e. those who are passing away, transitory (cf. Qal 1 b).BDB חֲלוֹף.2
† חֲלוּשָׁה n.f. weakness prostration, אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Ex 32:18 it is not the sound of the answering of weakness (JE; opp. גְּבוּרָה).BDB חֲלוּשָׁה.2
† חֲלַח n.pr.loc. a city or district under Assyrian control, whither Isr. captives were taken 2 K 17:6 = 18:11, 1 Ch 5:26, cf. Ḫalaḫḫu in Mesopotamia, Schr COT on 2 K 17:8; > Hal Mél. Epigr. 1874, 70 Cilicia (= Ph. חלך, LagM. i. 211, Assyrian Ḫilakku, Lyon Sargontexte) LagBN 57.BDB חֲלַח.2
† חַלְחוּל n.pr.loc. town in Judah, Jos 15:58 LagOnom. 119. 7, 2nd ed. 152 Elul in tribu Iuda, cf. Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl, 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles) N. from Hebron, v. Di (and reff.) Bla RobBR iii. 281 f. Guérin Judée iii. 284 ff.BDB חַלְחוּל.2
† חַלְחָלָה n.f. anguish, מָֽלְאוּ מָתְנַי ח׳ Is 21:3, ח׳ בכל מתנים Na 2:11; Ez 30:4, 9 (‖ החריד).BDB חַלְחָלָה.2
חַלְחָלָה n.f. v. i. חול.BDB חַלְחָלָה².2
† [חָלַט] vb. only וַיַּחְלְטוּ הֲמִמֶּנּוּ 1 K 20:33, read prob. וַיַּחְלְטוּהָ מִמֶּנּוּ (cf. 𝔊 ἀνέλεξαν τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ and StaG i. 445f.) and they snatched it from him, caught the word from his lips; Sta§ 529a as
Qal ; Köi. 251 Ges§ 53. 3 R 4 and most as
Hiph. , with—ִ om.BDB חָלַט.2
† I. חֲלִי n.m. ornament, נֶזֶם זָהָב וַחֲלִי־כָּ֑תֶם Pr 25:12 a (nose- or ear-) ring of gold and (neck- or breast-) ornament of fine gold; pl. חֲלָאִים Ct 7:2, in sim. of grace and beauty.BDB חֲלִי.2
† חֳלִי n.m. Dt 28:59 sickness, חֳלִי Dt 28:61 + 8 times; חֹ֑לִי Dt 7:15 + 2 times; sf. חָלְיוֹ Is 38:9 + 7 times + Ec 5:16 (where del. sf., cf. Vrss Now); pl. חֳלָיִם Dt 28:59, חֳלָיִים 2 Ch 21:15, חֳלָיֵנוּ Is 53:4;—sickness, disease Dt 7:15; 28:59, 61 1 K 17:17 2 K 1:2; 8:8, 9; 13:14 Is 38:9 2 Ch 16:12(×2); 21:15(×2), 19 ψ 41:4 Ec 6:2; of the suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:3, 4 (in both ‖ מַכְאֹב); of rich man Ec 5:16 (read וָחֳלִי, v. supr.); incurable disease ח׳ לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2 Ch 21:18; recover from sickness חיה מֵחלי Is 38:9; metaph. of distress of land Ho 5:13 (‖ מָזוֹר), Is 1:5 Je 10:19; = wound, of violence in Jerusalem Je 6:7 (‖ מַכָּה).BDB חֳלִי.2
† II. חֲלִי n.pr.loc. in Asher Jos 19:25, site unknown (v. conject. in Di).BDB חֲלִי².2
† [חֶלְיָה] n.f. jewelry, נִזְמָהּ וְחֶלְיָתָהּ Ho 2:15 (v. Now Che).BDB חֶלְיָה.2
† חָלִיל n.m. flute, pipe, ח׳ 1 S 10:5 Is 5:12; 30:29; pl. חֲלִלִים 1 K 1:40 Je 48:36(×2).BDB חָלִיל.2
† חָלִילָה subst. c. ה loc., used as exclam. lit. ad profanum! i.e. far be it (for me, thee, etc.)! (v. BaNB 136)—ח׳ Gn 44:7 + 17 times, חָלִלָה Gn 18:25 + 2 times—alone, 1 S 14:45; 20:2; elsewhere c. לְ pers.: Gn 18:25b (J), 1 S 2:30; 20:9; 22:15; + מִן and inf. of act deprecated Gn 18:25a; 44:7, 17 (all J), Jos 24:16 (E), 1 S 12:23 2 S 23:17; + מִמֶּנּוּ ל (peculiarly) Jos 22:29 (P; = from it, even to rebel); + אִם (= surely not) 2 S 20:20 (ח׳ ח׳), Jb 27:5; strengthened idiom. by מיהוה, ח׳לִי מִיּ׳ sq. מִן and inf. 1 S 26:11 1 K 21:3 + 2 S 23:17 (read מיהוה, 𝔊L 𝔖 𝔗) = 1 Ch 11:19 (מאלהי) sq. אִם 1 S 24:7; ח׳ לָאֵל מֵרֶשַׁע Jb 34:10.BDB חָלִילָה.2
† [חֲלִיפָה] n.f. a change (from idea of replacing, changing, substituting, cf. Arabic, Aramaic)—sf. חֲלִיפָתִי Jb 14:14; pl. abs. חֲלִיפוֹת Ju 14:19 + 3 times; cstr. id. Ju 14:13 2 K 5:5; חֲלִפוֹת Gn 45:22 + 2 times; חֲלִפֹת Gn 45:22 Ju 14:12;—
1. change of raiment ח׳ שׂמלת Gn 45:22(×2), elsewhere ח׳ בגדים Ju 14:12, 13 2 K 5:5, 22, 23; so without בגדים Ju 14:19.
2. relays 1 K 5:28; cf. ח׳ וצבא Jb 10:17 (Di).
3. revival after death, under fig. of relief from milit. service Jb 14:14
4. changing, varying, of course of life אֲשֶׁר אֵין חֲלִיפוֹת לָ֑מוֹ ψ 55:20 of the wicked, with whom are no changings, i.e. they do evil incessantly, steadily (‖ ולא יָרְֽאוּ אלהים) so Kmp Hu De Sch al.; but the expression is peculiar and obscure; Calv vicissitudes; Hengst discharges; text perhaps corrupt.BDB חֲלִיפָה.2
† [חֲלִיצָה] n.f. what is stripped off a person, as plunder, in war;—only sf. חֲלִצָתוֹ 2 S 2:21; חֲלִיצוֹתָם Ju 14:19.BDB חֲלִיצָה.2
חלך (√ of foll.; poss. (si vera l.) cf. Arabic حَلَكَ be black (passing into fig. sense, unfortunate, in Heb.), v. Bae ψ 10:8; cf. Aramaic חֲשׁוֹךְ).BDB חלך.2