רסס — רִֽצְפָה
II. רסס (√ of foll.; NH רָסַס Pi. break, crush; so Mand. רסס NorbergLexid. 232, J.Aram רְסַס; cf. Arabic رَسٌّ well stopped up with stones HoffmZAW iii (1893), 115).BDB רסס.2
† I. [רָסַס] vb. moisten (so Aramaic רְסַס, ܪܰܣ; Arabic رَشَّ (ش!) sprinkle);—
Qal Inf. cstr. שֶׁמֶן לָרֹס אֶת־הַסֹּלֶת Ez 46:14.BDB רָסַס.2
† I. רֵעַ n.verb. shouting, roar, but dub.;—קוֹל הָעָם בְּרֵעֹה֯ Ex 32:17 (E) sound of the people as they shouted (read Inf. cstr. בָּרִעֹה for בְּהָרִיעוֹ cf. √ 5); יַגִּיד עָלָיו רֵע֑וֹ Jb 36:33 the roar thereof telleth of him (< רַעְמוֹ his thunder, so Bu); לָמָּה תָרִיעִי רֵעַ Mi 4:9 why criest thou out with a crying? (butv. √ 6). ii, iii. רֵעַ v. ii, iii. רעה; רַע, רֹעַ v. דעע.BDB רֵעַ.2
רַע, רֹעַ v. I. רעע. i. רֵעַ v. רוע.BDB רַע.2
† רֹעַ n.[m.] badness, evil;—ר׳ abs. Gn 41:19 + 4 times Je; cstr. Ho 9:15 + 13 times;—
1. badness, bad quality, of cattle Gn 41:19 (E), figs Je 24:2, 3, 8; 29:17.
2. wilfulness, רֹעַ לבב 1 S 17:28 (Gerber161 makes 2 and 4 [inf. of] vb.).
3. ethical, evil, badness, only in phr.: רֹעַ מעללים evil of doings Dt 28:20; Is 1:16; Je 4:4; 21:12; 23:2, 22; 25:5; 26:3; 44:22; Ho 9:15 ψ 28:4 (cf. רַע מעללים 1 S 25:3).
4. sadness, ר׳ פָּנִים Ec 7:3, ר׳ לֵב Ne 2:2 (cf. [רַעַע] 2).BDB רֹעַ.2
II, III. רֵעַ v. II, III. רעה.BDB רֵעַ².2
I. רַע226 I. רַע226 adj. bad, evil (distinction from n., and vb. Pf. 3 ms., is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ);—ms. רַע Gn 6:5 +; רָ֑ע 31:24 +; pl. רָעִים 13:13 +; cstr. רָעֵי Ez 7:24 (del. Co); fs. רָעָה Gn 37:2 + 37 times (this form usually noun), pl. רָעוֹת 28:8 + 14 times; רָעֹת 41:27 (18 times noun);—
†1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Ex 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, vb. 3 fs. רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, pl. Gn 28:8 (P); of poisionous herb 2 K 4:41, malignant boils Dt 28:35; Jb 2:7, diseases Dt 7:15; 28:59; 2 Ch 21:19 Ec 6:2, deadly sword ψ 144:10, arrows Ez 5:16, severe judgments 14:21, wonders Dt 6:22; מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים ψ 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew§ 287 a Ges§ 130 e), wild beasts Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; unclean thing Dt 23:10.
†2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gn 47:9 (P) Pr 15:15; עִנְיָן רע Ec 1:13; 5:13; עִנְיַן 4:8, cf. 2:17; 9:3; הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע 4:3; הדבר הרע evil report Ex 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gn 37:2 (JE) Nu 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Dt 22:14, 19; Ne 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Je 49:23 ψ 112:7; of things: painful discipline Pr 15:10, evil occurrence 1 K 5:18, evil(-bringing) net Ec 9:12, instruments Is 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Jos 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Is 3:11; Je 2:19; of speech, דבּר, רע או טוב Gn 24:50 (J) in prov., speak bad or good = anything at all, טטוב עד רע 31:24, 29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2 S 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1 S 16:14, 15, 16, 23; 18:10; 19:9 (see רוּחַ 9).
†3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים 1 S 29:7.
†4. bad of its kind, land Nu 13:19 (J), place 20:5 (JE), waters 2 K 2:19, figs Je 24:2, 3(×2), 8, kine Gn 41:3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 27 (E), מוּם רע Dt 15:21, cf. 17:1.
†5. bad, i. e. of low value Lv 27:10(×2), 12, 14, 33 (H), cf. Mal 1:8(×2); רַע רַע יֹאמַר הַקּוֹנֶה Pr 20:14(×2).
†6. + מִן comp., worse than, 2 S 19:8; as superl., רָעֵי גוֹיִם Ez 7:24 worst of nations (del. Co).
†7. sad, unhappy: לֶב־רָ֑ע sad heart (cf. opp. טוב, יטב) Pr 25:20; of face Gn 40:7 (E) Ne 2:2; רע לְפָנָין v 1.
†8. הָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ez 38:10; Est 9:25.
†9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵב־רָ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Pr 26:23; רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Pr 23:6; 28:22; רוּחַ רָעָה Ju 9:23 bad temper.
10. ethically bad, evil, wicked: †a. in gen., אם טוב ואם רע Ec 12:14 whether good or bad. †b. of persons, אישׁ רע 1 S 30:22; אדם רע ψ 140:2; המן הרע הזה Est 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man ψ 10:15, Jb 21:30; Pr 11:21; 12:13; 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gn 13:13 (J) Je 6:29; 15:21; Ez 30:12 Jb 35:12; Pr 4:14; 12:12; 14:19; 15:3; רָעוֹת evil women Je 2:33; שׁכנים רעים 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֹר Dt 1:35, הָעָם Je 13:10; הָעֵדָה Nu 14:27, 35 (P), המשׁפחה Je 8:3; רַע כְּעֵינֵי י׳ wicked in the eyes of י׳ Gn 38:7 (JE) = 1 Ch 2:3; עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Nu 32:13 (R) Dt 4:25; 9:18; 17:2; 31:29; Ju 2:11 + 48 times, + (c. sf. of God) 2 K 21:15 Is 65:12; 66:4; Je 7:30; 32:30 ψ 51:6; 2 S 12:9, prob. also Je 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה). c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gn 6:5; 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Je 3:17; 7:24; 11:8; 16:12; 18:12; words, רעות Pr 15:28. d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Dt 13:12; 17:5; 19:20; Ne 13:17; עשׂה הרעות Je 3:5; דבר רע ψ 64:6; 141:4 Ec 8:3, 5; דברים 1 S 2:23; 2 K 17:11; דֶּרֶךְ 1 K 13:33; Je 18:11; 23:22 + 11 times; דרכים 2 K 17:13; 2 Ch 7:14; Ez 20:44; 33:11; 36:31; Zc 1:4; מעשׂינוּ Ezr 9:13; מעללים Zc 1:4 Ne 9:35 (cf. רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hb 2:9; מרוצתם Je 23:10; (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ez 6:11; 8:9 (del. Co); כִּי רָעוֹת בִּמְגוּרָם ψ 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.BDB רַע².2
II. רֵעַ [רֵיעַ]187 n.m. Pr 17:17 friend, companion, fellow; ר׳ abs. 2 S 13:3 +, cstr. 1 Ch 27:33; sf. רֵעִי Jb 31:9 +, רֵעֲךָ Dt 5:17 +, רֵעֶ֑ךָ Ex 2:13 +, also רֵעֶיךָ 2 S 12:11 (sg.; Ges§ 93 ss), רֵעֵ֫הוּ (Ges§ 84 a i) Gn 11:3 + 114 times, רֵעוֹ Je 6:21, רֵעָהּ 3:20; pl. רֵעִים Je 3:1 +, cstr. רֵעֵי Jb 2:11; sf. רֵעָיו 32:3, רֵעֵ֫הוּ (Ges§ 91 k) 42:10; 1 S 30:26, רֵי֣עֲכֶם Jb 6:27, etc.;
1. friend Gn 38:12, 20 (J), 1 S 30:26; 2 S 13:3; 1 K 16:11 (𝔊 om.); רִעֲךָ אֲשֶׁר כְּנַפְשְׁךָ Dt 13:7, מֶתֶק רֵעֵהוּ Pr 27:9 (text dub., v. Toy); Mi 7:5 (‖ אַלּוּף), Je 9:3 (‖ אָח), 19:9 La 1:2 (+ אֹהֲבֶיהָ), ψ 35:14 (‖ אָח) + 3 times ψψ; especially Jb 2:11; 6:14 + 8 times Jb, Pr 17:17; 18:24 + 8 times Pr (12:26 v. מֵרֵעַ infr.), Ct 5:1 (‖ דּוֹדִים); associates Zc 3:8; term. techn. ר׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 27:33 (v. רֵעֶה), cf. 2 S 16:17(×2); of lover Ct 5:16 (‖ דּוֹדִי), husband Je 3:20, paramours Ho 3:1; Je 3:1; metaph. רֵעֲ לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Jb 30:29 (‖ אָת לְתַנִּים).
2. in weaker sense, fellow, fellow-citizen even another person, with whom one stands in recipr. relations, Ex 2:13; 20:16, 17(×3); (Gi v 13:14(×3)); = Dt 5:17, 18(×3); Ex 21:14; 22:7, 8, 10, 25 (all E), Lv 19:13, 16, 18; 20:10 (all H), Dt 4:42; 15:2(×2) + 11 times Dt, Jos 20:5 (D), Ju 7:14; Je 9:7; 22:13; 29:23; Ez 18:6, 11, 15; 22:11, 12; Hb 2:15; Jb 16:21; Ru 4:7 ψ 15:3; 28:3; 101:5 Pr 3:28, 29; 6:1 (‖ זָר!) + 18 times Pr; שָׁכֵן וְרֵעוֹ Je 6:21; 1 S 15:28 hath given (the kingdom) to thy fellow, = another than thou, so 28:17; 2 S 12:11; so also אִישׁ … רֵעֵהוּ a (given, certain) man over against his fellow (diff. from 3) Ex 21:18, 35; 22:6, 9, 13; 33:11 (all E), Dt 19:11; 22:26; Ju 7:13; 1 K 8:31; 20:35 Je 7:5; 1 Ch 6:22; Ru 3:14; Ec 4:4; similarly שָׂעִיר אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ Is 34:14.
3. in recipr., phr. אִישׁ … רֵעֵחוּ Gn 11:3 they said one to another (אִישׁ distrib.), each the speech of the other v 7, absent one from the other 31:49, cf. 43:33 (all J), Ex 11:2; 18:7, 16; 32:27 (all E), Ju 6:29; 7:22; 10:18; 2 S 2:16(×2) + 4 times 1 S, 2 K 3:23; 7:3, 9; 2 Ch 20:23; Is 3:5 (‖ אִישׁ בְּאִישׁ), 13:8; 19:2 (‖ אִישׁ בְּאָחִיו), 41:6; Je 5:8 + 11 times Je, Ez 33:26; Zc 3:10 + 6 times Zc (11:6 read רֹעֵהוּ StaZAW i (1881), 26), Mal 3:16; John 1:7; so of things Gn 15:10 (J).—i. רֵעַ v. רוע; iii. רֵעַ v. iii. רעה.BDB רֵעַ³.2
II. רַע126 n.m. Jb 30:26 evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity;—abs. רַע Nu 11:1 +, בְּרָע Ex 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gn 48:16 +;—
†1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil ψ 23:4 Zp 3:15; בּוֹרֵא רָ֑ע Is 45:7 (of God), הביא רע 31:2; מתאננים רַע Nu 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Je 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֹם רע Am 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע ψ 49:6; 94:13; כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Jb 30:26; בְּרָע in adversity Ex 5:19 (E) ψ 10:6; יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Pr 13:17; אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gn 44:34 (J); בכל־רע Pr 5:14, מכל רע Gn 48:16 (E) ψ 121:7; v. also Mi 1:12 ψ 140:12 Jb 5:19; 31:29; Pr 12:21; 19:23.
†2. evil, injury, wrong: Hb 2:9; Jb 2:10; Pr 21:10; עשׂה רע, + עִם pers. Gn 31:29 (E); ל pers. Je 39:12; as obj. of חשּׁב Ho 7:15, חרשׁ Pr 6:14; 12:20; 14:22, השׁיב ψ 54:7, גמל 7:5 Pr 31:12, בקּשׁ 17:11, שׁלּם 20:22, אמר ψ 41:6, דבּר 109:20; דבּר בְּרָע 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַכֵּא טוֹב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1 K 22:8, 18 = 2 Ch (18:7 לְרָעָה), 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Is 59:7; Je 7:6; 25:7 ψ 56:6 Pr 1:16; 21:12; Ec 8:9; רַע יֵרוֹעַ Pr 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, v. Toy).
3. ethical evil, Dt 30:15; 2 S 14:17; Is 5:20; Am 5:14; Mi 7:3 + 10 times; עשׂה רע 2 K 21:9; 2 Ch 12:14; 33:9; Ne 9:28 + 8 times; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mi 2:1; אהב רע 3:2 (Qr), ψ 52:5; שׂנא רע Am 5:15 ψ 97:10 Pr 8:13; מאס רע ψ 36:5; מאס ברע Is 7:15, 16; בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Dt 13:6 + 8 times Dt; לֹא יְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע ψ 5:5 (adj. = evil man Hup De al.); ידע טוב ורע Gn 2:9, 17; 3:5, 22 (all J), Dt 1:39; סר מֵרָע Is 59:15 ψ 34:15; 37:27; Pr 3:7 + 8 times; כי ברע הוא Ex 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים ψ 7:10; רע מעללים 1 S 25:3, cf. Mi 3:4 (v. רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Je 5:28; תַּהְפֻּכוֹת רָ֑ע Pr 2:14; אֹרַח רע ψ 119:101; עֲצַת רע Ez 11:2; מֵחְשְׁבוֹת רע Pr 15:26; אִישׁ רע 29:6; אַנְשֵׁי רע 28:5; אֵשֶׁת רע 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).BDB רַע³.2
† III. [רֵעַ] n. [m.] purpose, aim;—sf. רֵעִי ψ 139:2 (of man), pl. sf. רֵעֶיךָ v 17 (of E†l).BDB רֵעַ⁴.2
† רָעֵב vb. be hungry (NH id. Hiph. and deriv.; Assyrian rûbatu, hunger; Arabic رَغُبَ be roomy, voracious, رَغِبَ desire vehemently; Ethiopic ርኅበ be hungry);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. ר׳ Is 9:19; 44:12; 3 pl. רָעֵ֑בוּ ψ 34:11; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַב Is 8:21, 1 pl. נִרְעֵב Je 42:14, etc.;—be hungry Is 8:21 Gn 41:55 (E; of land, = have famine), Je 42:14 (לַלֶּחֶם), Is 49:10 (‖ צמא), 65:13 (‖ id.; opp. אכל), ψ 50:12 if I should be hungry (of י׳), Pr 6:30; 19:15.
Hiph. : allow one to hunger, subj. י׳: Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּרְעִבֶ֑ךָ Dt 8:3 (opp. וַיַּאֲכִֽלְךָ), יַרְעִיב נֶפֶשׁ Pr 10:3.BDB רָעֵב.2
רָעָב101 n.m. Gn 26:1 famine, hunger;—abs. ר׳ Gn 12:10 +; sf. רְעָבָם Ne 9:15;
1. famine (in land, nation or city), Gn 12:10; 26:1; 41:30, 31 Ex 16:3 2 S 21:1; 24:13 = 2 K 4:38; 6:25 +; שְׁנֵי(הָ)ר׳ Gn 41:27, 30, 36, שְׁנַת ר׳ v 50, but also שָׁנִים ר׳ [שָׁלוֹשׁ] שֶׁבַע 2 S 24:13 (on gender v. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 103) = 1 Ch 21:12; c. חזק (be) severe Gn 41:56, 57 1 K 18:2; 2 K 25:3 = Je 52:6, חזק עַל Gn 47:20; c. כָבֵד 12:10; 47:4, 13; גָּדוֹל 2 K 6:25; זַעלעֲפוֹת ר׳ La 5:10; מְזֵי ר׳ Dt 32:24 + Is 5:13 (v. [מָזֶה]), תַּחֲלוּאֵי ר׳ Je 14:18, חַלֲלֵי ר׳ La 5:9, אֲסֻפֵי ר׳ Ez 34:29; חִצֵּי הָר׳ 5:16; as scourge of י׳ (+ חֶרֶב, דֶּבֶ, etc.; especially Je Ez), Je 5:12; 11:22; 14:12; 21:7, 9 Ez 5:2; 6:11, 12 +, etc.; fig. of lack of י׳’s word Am 8:11.
2. hunger, of individual Je 38:9 Dt 28:48 (+ צָסָא, etc.), 2 Ch 32:11 (+ id.).BDB רָעָב.2
† רָעֵב adj. hungry;—abs. ר׳ 2 S 17:29 +; fs. רְעֵבָה ψ 107:9 Pr 27:7; mpl. רְעֵבִים 1 S 2:5 +;—hungry (sometimes + עָמֵא, עָיֵף), 2 S 17:29 2 K 7:12 Is 8:21 Pr 25:21 ψ 107:5; נֶפֶשׁ רְעֵבָה v 9 Pr 27:7; as subst. sg. a hungry man Is 29:8; 32:6; 58:7, 10 Ez 18:7, 16 Jb 5:5 (BevJPhil. xxvi. 304 proposes רָעָב, cf. Ez 7:15) 22:7, pl. 1 S 2:5 (opp. שְׂבֵעִים בַּלֶּהֶם), Jb 24:10 (‖ עָרוֹם), ψ 107:36; 146:7; יְהִי־רָעֵב אֹנוֹ Jb 18:12 (fig.) his strength grows hungry, i.e. fails (𝔙 Ew Di al.); 𝔖 De Bu Du (reading אָוֶן) al. his trouble grows hungry (i.e. ravenous for him), but ר׳ never elsewhere in this sense.BDB רָעֵב².2
† רְעָבוֹן n.[m.] hunger, lack of food, famine;—cstr. רַעֲבוֹן בָּֽתֵּיכֶם Gn 42:19, 33 (E); abs. בִּימֵי רְעָבוֹן ψ 37:19.BDB רְעָבוֹן.2
† רַ֫עַד n.m. trembling;—יִרְאָה וָר׳ יָבֹא בִי ψ 55:6; יֹאחֲזֵמוֹ רָ֑עַד Ex 15:15.BDB רַ֫עַד.2
† [רָעַד] vb. tremble, quake (NH id., Hiph. shake (rare), רְעָדָה a trembling, shaking; Arabic رَعَدَ thunder (said of sky), viii. tremble, quiver; Ethiopic ርዕደ tremble; J.Aram רְעַב tremble, shake);—
Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּרְעָ֑ד ψ 104:32 and it (the earth) trembleth at the gaze of י׳, in theoph
Hiph. Pt. עָמַדְתִּי מַרְעִיד Dn 10:11 I stood trembling; Pl. מַרְעִידִים Ezr 10:9, c. יָשַׁב.BDB רָעַד.2
† רְעָדָה n.f. id.; subj. of אָֽחֲזָה Is 33:14 ψ 48:7; ‖ יִרְאָה 2:11; ‖ פַּחַד Jb 4:14.BDB רְעָדָה.2
III. רעה (Aramaic רְעָא ܪܥܶܐ, take pleasure (in), desire, = Arabic رضى [Heb. רָצָה], whence Aramaic רְעוּתָא desire, רַעֲיָנָא, רַעֲיוֹנָא, ܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܐ opinion, thought, disposition, and following late and Aramaic words in Heb., cf. NöZMG liv (1900), 155; > De Siegf Qoh. 18 al. from I. רעה 2 b, cf. Ho 12:2, and Arabic رَعَى watch, regard, respect (Lane) [BaWU 46 f. Kau Aramaismen 82 f. deriv foll. from I. רעה = observe, attend to, specif. tend sheep, also aim at, purpose]).BDB רעה.2
† רֵעֶה n.m. friend (cf. Sta§ 184 LagBN 156 Ba§ 12 a);—cstr. in term. techn. רֵעֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ (Ges§ 93 ll Köii. l, 78 f.) 1 K 4:5 (= רֵעַ 1 Ch 27:33), cf. רֵעֶה דָּיִד 2 S 15:37; 16:16; ins. also 15:32 (cf. v 37) 𝔊 We Dr al.; in simple sense Pr 27:10 Kt (Qr רֵעַ; cf. Köl.c.).BDB רֵעֶה.2
† [רֵעָה] n.f. companion, attendant;—of maidens, pl. sf. רֵעוֹתָ֑י Ju 11:37 Qr (> Kt רעיתי), רֵעוֹתֶיהָ v 38 ψ 45:15.BDB רֵעָה.2
I. רָעָה167 vb. pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian rêʾû vb. pasture, n. ruler, TelAm. ruh̬i (as Canaanism) WklNo. 181, 11; Arabic رَدَى, Ethiopic ርዕየ Aramaic רְעָא, ܪܥܳܐ, all = BH);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָעָה Mi 5:3 +, 1 s. sf. consec. וּרְעִיתִים Ez 34:13, 3 pl. sf. consec. וְרָעוּם Je 23:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעֶה Is 27:10 +, juss. יֵרַע Jb 20:26, sf. יִעֶנָּה ψ 80:14, וַיִּרְעֵם ψ 78:72 (וַיִּר׳ Hiph. van d. H.), etc.; Imv. ms. רְעֵה Mi 7:14 +, sf. רְעֵם ψ 28:9; fs. רְעִי Ct 1:8; mpl. רְעוּ Gn 29:7; Inf. cstr. לִרְעוֹת 37:12 +, etc.; Pt. רֹעֶה 30:36 +, sf. רֹעִי ψ 23:1 +; fs. רֹעָה Gn 29:9 Pr 25:19, etc.;— 1. trans. a. pasture, tend (pascere), lit., c. acc. צֹאן Gn 30:31, 36; 37:12 (all J), Ex 3:1 (E), 1 S 17:15; 25:16 Is 61:5, acc. of asses Gn 36:24 (P), kids Ct 1:8; acc. (צפּאן) om. Gn 29:7; 37:13 (ב loc.) v 16 (all J), Ct 1:7 (‖ חִרְבִּיץ), Jb 24:2 (𝔊 Me Siegf Bu וְרֹעוֹ);—metaph. גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Ho 9:2, but read יֵדָעֵם 𝔊 We Now GASm; מָוֶת יִרְעֵם ψ 49:15. b. fig. of י׳, acc. pers., Gn 48:15 (E) God, who shepherded me; c. acc. of people, as flock Ho 4:16 Is 40:11 Mi 7:14 (בְּשִׁבְטֶ֑ן), Ez 34:13 (pregn., c. אֶל loc.), v 14, 15 (+ הִרְבִּיץ), v 16 ψ 28:9. c. fig. of ruler, and teacher, acc. of people, as flock, 2 S 5:2 = 1 Ch 11:2; 2 S 7:7 = 1 Ch 17:6, ψ 78:72 Je 3:15; 23:2, 4; Ez 34:2, 3, 8, 10, 23(×2); Zc 11:4, 7(×2), 9; of guiding, שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק יִרְעוּ רַבִּים Pr 10:21; c. ב of people ψ 78:71; abs. Mi 5:3; c. acc. pers. reflex. pastured (fed, enriched) themselves Ez 34:2, 8, 10 d. especially pt. רֹעֶח, etc., as subst. = shepherd, herdsman: (1) lit., רֹעֵה צֹאן Gn 4:2; 46:32, 34; 47:3 (all J), רֹעֶח בַּצּ׳ 37:2 (E), 1 S 16:11; 17:34; רֹעֵי מִקְנֶה Gn 13:7(×2) (J); (ה)ר׳ alone, sg. Am 3:12 + 7 times (all in sim.); רֹעָה shepherdess, Gn 29:9 (J); כִּלִי רֹעֶה אֱוִילִי Zc 11:15 (v. כְּלִי 2 c), as symbol; pl. (הָ)רֹעִים Am 1:2; Ex 2:17, 19 (J), 1 S 21:8 (אַבִּיר הָר׳; Gr Dr Bu Kit Löhr א׳ הָרָצִים; 𝔊 LagBN 45 HPS אֹבִּיל הָעֲיָרִים, but cf. We) + 8 times + Is 31:4 (sim.), 38:12 (read רֹעִים for רֹעִי Perles29 Du CheHpt cf. Di), cf. (sf.) Gn 13:8(×2) (J); כְּלִי הָרֹעִים 1 S 17:40 (v. כְּלִי 3);—בֵּית־עֵקֶד הָרֹעִים, v. p. 112. (2) fig. of ruler (as often Assyrian; cf. Gk. (Homer) ποιμένα λαῶν), abs. sg. Je 17:16 fig. of prophet (but Aq Symm 𝔖 Gie Du Co מֵרָעָה). Zc 10:2; 11:16; 13:7b + 8 times Je Ez; sf. of י׳, דֹעִי Is 44:28 (of Cyrus), Zc 13:7a (read רֹעִי הָאֱוִילִי We Now GASm); abs. pl. Is 56:11; Je 2:8; 3:15; Mi 5:4 Zc 10:3; 11:5, 8 + 18 times Je Ez 34, + (of Assyrian leaders) Na 3:18; רֹעֵי יִשׂ׳ Ez 34:2; רֹעֵי צֹאנוֹ Is 63:11 (but read רֹעֵה [of Moses] 𝔊 𝔗 Di Du al.). (3) epith. of י׳: י׳ רֹעִי ψ 23:1, רֹעֵה יִשׂ׳ 80:2, רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשׂ׳, Gn 49:24 (poem in J; read cstr. רֹעֵה, cf. Comm.); מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד Ec 12:11 DeWild, < president of assembly of sages Siegf SS 2. intrans. feed, graze: a. lit. of cows, sheep, etc.: c. ב loc. Gn 41:2, 18 (E), 1 Ch 27:29; c. acc. of pasture Is 30:23; c. עַל loc. Zp 2:7 (עֲלֵי הַיָּם for MT עֲלֵיהֶם, v. Now); אֶל־מוּל loc. Ex 34:3 (J); abs. Is 5:17; 11:7 (‖ רבץ; but v. II. רעה infr.) 27:10 (‖ id.), 65:25 Jon 3:7; Jb 1:14. b. fig. of idolater, Is 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (acc.); cf. Ho 12:2 Ephr. feedeth on wind (acc.); פִּי כְסִילִים יִר׳ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt פני for פי) the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II. רעה, Gerber 162 sub III. רעה); in Ct, c. ב loc., fig. of lover Ct 2:16; 6:2, 3; of breasts (like gazelles) 4:5. c. fig., of Isr. as flock Is 14:30 (‖ רבץ), read (י—ַ)בְּכָרִי in my pasture(s), for MT בְּכוֹרֵי, Koppe Ew Di Du (otherwise CheHpt., cf. Marti); Zp 3:13 (‖ id.); c. עַל־דְּרָכִים Is 49:9; c. acc. of pasture-land Je 50:19; Mi 7:14; Ez 34:14b (+ אֶל loc.), v 18, 19; hence crop, strip, i.e. devastate, of conqueror, c. acc. of land Mi 5:5, cf. אֶת־יָדוֹ Je 6:3; so יִרְעוּךְ קָדְקֹד 2:16; acc. of Isr. under fig. of vine (subj. foes, as beasts) ψ 80:14. d. subj. wind, c. acc. pers. Je 22:22, i.e. drive them away; subj. fire, c. acc. rei, יֵרַע Jb 20:26, but read perhaps יֵרָע, Niph. (Ol Di Hoffm Siegf Bu; otherwise Du).—רֹעֶה עֲקָרָה 24:21 is difficult; Bu הֵרַע for ר׳; more radical conj. in Du.
Niph. poss. Jb 20:26, v. 2 d supr.
Hiph. ψ 78:72 van d. H., v. 1 c supr.BDB רָעָה.2
רֹעֶה shepherd, רֹעָה shepherdess, v. √ 1 d.BDB רֹעֶה.2
רֹעָה v. II. רעע.BDB רֹעָה.2
† II. [רָעָה] vb. prob. associate with (cf. Schulthess69 ff. but also NöZMG liv (1900), 154 f.; Assyrian ruʾa, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (m. et f.; cf. JägerBAS i.483, 486); so Bed. أُرْعُوَّةٌ master, owner, WallinZMG v (1851), 9 JayakarJA xxi. 851; Ethiopic መርዓ: marriage; Arabic رَاعِى, راعيها, Ethiopic አርዑት: yoke; NH רֵעוּת friendship is from BH רֵעַ);—
Qal Imv. ms. וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה ψ 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); > feed securely (Bae; i. רעה; feed on (his) faithfulness Am RV); Pt. רֹעֶה כְסִילִים Pr 13:20 one associating with fools, so ר׳ זֹלְלִים 28:7, ר׳ זוֹנוֹת 29:3 (Thes al. think these fig. from I. רעה, v. 2 b).
Hithp. 2 ms. אַל־תִּתְרַע אֶת־בַּעַל אָ֑ף Pr 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also 3 fpl. תִּתְרָעֶינָה Is 11:7 (LagOr i. 21; Deceased Wife’s Sister 399 Brd Du CheHpt) cow and bear shall be each other’s companions; + Inf. cstr. הִתְרָעֹת Pr 18:24 (Toy, for MT הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [יֵשׁ for אִישׁ] friends (merely) to be companions (v. II. רעע ad fin.).BDB רָעָה².2
† [רָעָה] vb. denom.
Pi. be a special friend;—Pf. 3 ms. מֵרֵעֵהוּ אֲשֶׁר רֵעָה לוֹ Ju 14:20 his comrade who had been ‘best man’ (GFM) to him.BDB רָעָה³.2
רָעָה310 n.f. evil, misery, distress, injury;—abs. ר׳ Gn 26:29 +; cstr. רָעַת 6:5 +; sf. רָֽעָתִי ψ 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1 K 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Je 11:15 (text dub.); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1 S 12:17, etc.; pl. רָעוֹת Dt 31:17 +; רָעֹת Je 44:9 Ex 23:2; sf. רָעוֹתֵיכֶם 1 S 10:19 +, etc.;—
1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Pr 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ez 7:5(×2); c. עַל Is 47:11 (read באה for בא), Je 5:12 + 5 times; c. אֶל Je 2:3; 51:60; †הביא רעה Je 4:6 1 K 21:29; + אֶל 2 S 17:14 + 8 times K Je; + עַל 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22, Je 19:3 + 6 times Je + 8 times; + אֶל et על Je 19:15; 36:31; יוֹם רעה 17:17, 18 + 5 times; יְמֵי הרעה †Ec 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De Koh. 447); רָעוֹת evils Dt 31:17(×2), 21 (JE), 32:23 (poem), ψ 34:20; 40:13; 88:4; עֵת רָעָה Am 5:13; Je 2:27, 28 + 5 times; †ראה ברעה Nu 11:15 (JE) Ob 13; Est 8:6; †ראה רעה Je 44:17 ψ 90:15; Pr 22:3 = 27:12; †יפול ברעה 17:20; 28:14; †בְּרָעָה Je 44:29 (J) Pr 14:32; 24:16; Ne 1:3; 1 Ch 7:23 ψ 107:26; ברעותיכם 141:5; נִחַם עַל רָעָה Ex 32:12, 14 (J) Je 8:6 + 6 times; c. אֶל 2 S 24:16; Je 26:3, 13, 19; 42:10.
2. evil, injury, wrong: †עשׂה רעה 2 S 12:18; Je 26:19; 41:11; c. עִם Gn 26:29 (J) Ju 15:3; 2 S 13:16; c. את Ju 11:27; c. ל 1 S 6:9; 1 K 2:44 + 4 times; c. אֶל Je 44:7; obj. of vbs. חשׁב Gn 50:20 (E) Je 36:3; 48:2 + 7 times; †חרשׁ 1 S 23:9; Pr 3:29; הֵשִׁיב Gn 50:15 (E) Ju 9:56, 57 + 4 times; †גמל Gn 50:17 (E) 1 S 24:18 (17); Is 3:9; Pr 3:30; בקשׁ Nu 35:23 (P); 1 S 24:10 (9); 25:26 + 4 times; †שׁלּם Gn 44:4 (J); Je 18:20; 51:24 ψ 35:12; 38:21; לְרָעָה for harm Gn 31:52; Ex 23:2 (E); Dt 29:20; Ju 2:15; 2 S 18:32; Je 21:10 + 8 times Je, Am 9:4; Zc 1:15; Pr 6:18; Ec 5:12; בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Ex 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Ec 2:21; רָעָה חוֹלָה Ec 5:12, 15.
3. ethical evil, 1 S 12:17, 19; 24:12; 26:18; Is 47:10; Je 2:19 + 13 times Je, + 18 times, + foll.: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gn 39:9; Dt 31:18 (J) + 5 times + Je 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Ec 8:11; אהב רעה Mi 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Je 18:8; 23:14; 44:5; בִּעֵר רעה מ׳ Ju 20:13 (v ii. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Je 7:12; 44:3; מפני רָעַת רעתכם Ho 10:15; בגלל ר׳ Je 11:17; על כל ר׳ 1:16; 32:32; 33:5; מֵר׳ ψ 107:34 Je 12:4; אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Pr 24:1.BDB רָעָה⁴.2
† רְעוּ n.pr.m. (proposes name of a god, Duval ZA vi. 126 MezḤarrân 23, cf. Hom A. u. A ii. 208);—son of Peleg: Gn 11:18, 19, 20, 21 (P), 1 Ch 1:25; Ραγαυ.BDB רְעוּ.2
† רְעוּאֵל n.pr.m. Ραγουηλ:
1. Moses’ father-in-law Ex 2:18 (J; 𝔊L Ιοθορ), Nu 10:29 (JE); elsewhere יִתְרוֹ q.v.
2. Edomite Gn 36:4, 10, 13, 17(×2) (P), ‖ 1 Ch 1:35, 37.
3. Gadite Nu 2:14, v. דְּעוּאל p. 396.
4. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:8.BDB רְעוּאֵל.2
† I. רְעוּת n.f. fellow (-woman);—sf. in recipr. phr. אִשָּׁה מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ Ex 11:2 (E) each from her fellow (‖ אִישׁ מֵאֵת רֵעֵהוּ, cf. ii. רֵעַ 3); cf. Je 9:19; of birds of prey (דַּוּוֹת) Is 34:15 cf. v 16; people under fig. of sheep Zc 11:9; רְעוּתָהּ Est 1:19 = another than she (cf. 1 S 15:28 ii. רֵעַ 2).BDB רְעוּת.2
† II. רְעוּת n.f. longing, striving;—cstr., הֶבֶל וּר׳ רוּחַ Ec 1:14; 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4; 6:9; עָמָל וּר׳ רוּחַ 4:6.BDB רְעוּת².2
† רְעִי n.[m.] pasture;—עֶשְׂרִים בָּקָר ר׳ 1 K 5:3 twenty cattle (from) pasture (v. Ges§ 131 c; Kit בְּקַר).BDB רְעִי.2
† רֵעִי n.pr.m. (cf. Palm. n.pr. רעי friendly(?) Cook109);—courtier of David (si vera l.) 1 K 1:8; Ρησει, 𝔊L οἱ ἑραῖροι αὐροῦ.BDB רֵעִי.2
רֹעִי Is 38:12 Zc 11:17, v. √ 1 d (1), (2).BDB רֹעִי.2
† [רַעְיָה] n.f. companion;—of beloved bride, sf. רַעְיָתִי Ct 1:9, 15; 2:2, 10, 13; 4:1, 7; 5:2; 6:4; so of attendant maidens Ju 11:37 Kt, but v. foregoing.BDB רַעְיָה.2
† רַעְיוֹן n. [m.] id.;—cstr., רַעְיוֹן רוּחַ Ec 1:17, הֶבֶל וְר׳ רוּחַ 4:16 (cf. foreg.), בְּכָל־עֲמָלוֹ וּבְר׳ לִבּוֹ 2:22.BDB רַעְיוֹן.2
† רַ֫עַל n.[m.] reeling;—only סַף־ר׳ Zc 12:2 goblet of reeling (fig. of Jerusalem).BDB רַ֫עַל.2
† [רָעַל] vb. quiver, shake, reel (Aramaic רְעַל, ܪܥܶܠ, quiver, shake, tremble; Arabic رَعْلٌ the hanging part of a sheep’s split ear, also (Frey) a kind of veil of which a part hangs down in front; أَرْعَلُ dangling; Lihy. has n.pr. רעל DHMEpigr. Denkm.Arabic 38);—
Hoph. Pf. 3 pl. הַבְּרשִׁים הָרְעָ֑לוּ Na 2:4 are made in quiver. Vid. also [עָרַל].BDB רָעַל.2
† [רְעָלָה] n.[f.] prob. veil (cf. Arabic supr.);—pl. הָֽרְעָלוֹת Is 3:19, in list of finery.BDB רְעָלָה.2
† רְעֵלָיָה n.pr.m. companion of Zerub., Ezr 2:2 (Ρεελεια, 𝔊L Δεμίου), = רַעַמְיָה Ne 7:7 (Νααμια, א Δαεμια, 𝔊L Δαιμίας, A Ρεελμα).BDB רְעֵלָיָה.2
רעם (√ of foll., prob. onomatop.; Gerber47 proposes move violently as orig. meaning, but ref. to thunderous sound everywhere, except Ez 27:35 where text dub., v. infr.; cf. Aramaic רַעַם רְעִים n. thunder, רְעֵם vb. thunder; especially Aph. Ithpa. utter (loud) complaints; ܪܥܶܡ, ܪܰܥܡܳܐ n. thunder, ܪܥܶܡ vb. thunder, lament, cf. NH רָעַם Hiph. thunder, Hithp. complain; Ethiopic ረዓም n. thunder, Assyrian rîmu, id.; Arabic رَغِمَ vex, dislike, etc.).BDB רעם.2
† רַ֫עַם n.[m.] thunder;—ascribed to י׳: ר׳ abs. Is 29:6, בְּסֵתֶר רַ֑עַם ψ 81:8 (Baer Gi; i. e. thunder-cloud); sf. קוֹל רַעַמְךָ 77:19; 104:7; cstr. רַעַם גבורתו Jb 26:14 (fig. of י׳’s display of might; opp. שֵׁמֶץ); fig. of captins, ר׳ שָׂרִים 39:25, i.e. thunderous shouting (+ תְּרוּעָה).BDB רַ֫עַם.2
† [רָעַם] vb.denom. thunder;—
Qal make the sound of thunder, thunder: Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַם let the sea thunder (in praise, ‖ שׂמח, גיל, עלז, הריע, מחא כף, רנן) ψ 96:11 = 1 Ch 16:32, ψ 98:7.—Pf. 3 pl. רָֽעֲמוּ פָּנִים Ez 27:35 is dub.: faces tremble (Toy are convulsed), or they tremble (cf. Hi-Sm Krae; AV RV are troubled) in face, lacks etym. support (otherwise Gerber47, but v. √ supr.); 𝔊 𝔖 Co דָּֽמְעוּ פְּנֵיהֶם.
Hiph. (Gerber47) thunder, cause thunder;—Pf. 3 ms. הִרְעִים ψ 29:3; Impf. 3 ms. יַרְעֵם (on—ֵ v. Köi, 210) ψ 18:14 +; וַיַּרְעֵם 1 S 7:10; 2 ms. תַּרְעֵם Jb 40:9; 1 S 1:6 v. infr.;—thunder, of י׳ (God) 2:10; 7:10 (both c. עַל pers. against whom), ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, ψ 29:3 Jb 37:4, 5, cf. 40:9.—הְרְּעִמָהּ 1 S 1:6 is appar. Inf. cstr. sf. (Ges§ 20 h; 22 s), but not understood by 𝔊 and dub.: AV RV to make her fret, cf. Aramaic utter (loud) complaints (Weir in DrSm 291); perhaps corrupt HPS.BDB רָעַם.2
רַעְמָא v. ii. רַעְמָה.BDB רַעְמָא.2
† I. רַעְמָה (GiIntr. 127 f.) n.f. vibration? quivering mane? of horse’s neck: Jb 39:19 hast thou clothed his neck (with) ר׳? so most, but very uncertain.BDB רַעְמָה.2
† II. רַעְמָה, רַעְמָא (GiIntr. 124 ff.) n.pr.m. ‘son’ of Cush, ה—ָ Gn 10:7(×2) = א—ָ 1 Ch 1:9(×2) (Baer, v. his note; van d. H. Gi ה—ָ v b); Ρεγχμα, Ρεγμα; ה—ָ as trading people Ez 27:22, Ραμα, Ραγμα. Identified by many with city Ῥεγ(α)μα (Ptol vi. 7, 14), ῾Ρηγμα (Steph. Byz.), in SE. Arabia, on Pers. Gulf (so even DHMZMG xxx (1876), 122 GlasSkizze ii. 251, 325), but this is رجمة in inscr. (Glasib. 252); < Sab. רעֿמה near Meʿîn in SW. Arabia (HomSüdar. Chrest. 131 Hal 535, 11, cf. DHMl.c.); perhaps = Ῥαμμανῖται of Strabo xvi. 4. 24, v. Di Gn 10:7.BDB רַעְמָה².2
רַעַמְיָה (? thunder of י׳) Ne 7:7 v. רְעֵלָיָה.BDB רַעַמְיָה.2
† רַֽעַמְסֵס n.pr.loc. Ex 1:11 (J), = רַעְמְסֵס Gn 47:11; Ex 12:37; Nu 33:3, 5 (all P), Ramses, city in Egypt; Ραμεσ(σ)η; built by King Rameses II (hence its name; the king used Israelitish corvée according to Ex 1:11), near Tel el-Maskhuta (Pithom), but not certainly identified, v. פִּתֹם and reff.; אֶרֶץ ר׳ Gn 47:11 of district round.BDB רַֽעַמְסֵס.2
† [רָעַן] vb. only Paʿlel. be or grow luxuriant, fresh, green;—Pf. 3 fs. רַעֲנָ֑נָה (De Hiob) Jb 15:32 (of branch, in fig.).BDB רָעַן.2
† רַעֲנָן adj. luxuriant, fresh;—m. ר׳ Dt 12:2 +; f. רַעֲנָנָה Ct 1:16; mpl. רַעֲנַנִּים ψ 92:15;—luxuriant, of trees: בְּרוֹשׁ Ho 14:9, זַיִת ψ 52:10 (both sim.), Je 11:16 (fig.); sim. also, כְּאֶזְרָה ר׳ ψ 37:35 (but read כְּאֶרֶז הַלְּבָנוֹן 𝔊 and most); especially in phrase תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ ר׳ place of idolatrous rites, Dt 12:2; 1 K 14:23; 2 K 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4; 2 K 17:10; Je 2:20; 3:6, 13; Is 57:5; Ez 6:13; עַל־עֵץ ר׳ Je 17:2 (si vera l.); leaf v 8 (fig.); leafy couch Ct 1:16; fresh, oil ψ 92:11; fresh, flourishing, pers. (fig., as trees) v 15 (+ דְּשֵׁנִים).BDB רַעֲנָן.2
I. רעע (√ of foll.; orig. meaning dub.).BDB רעע.2
[רָעַע98] vb. denom. be evil, bad;—
†Qal Pf. 3 ms. רַע Nu 22:34 + 3 times, רָ֑ע 11:10; 3 fs. רָעָה Dt 15:9 (Ex 21:8 v. i. רַע); Impf. 3 ms. יֵרַע (Ges§ 67 p) Gn 21:12 +; 3 fs. תֵּרַע Dt 28:54, 56; 3 mpl. יֵרְעוּ Ne 2:3;— 1. be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Nu 11:10; 22:34 (J), Jos 24:15 (E), Je 40:4; Pr 24:18 (c. וְ consec.) impf. יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Gn 21:11, 12 (E), 48:17 (J), 1 S 8:6; 18:8; 2 S 11:25; later, וַיֵּרַע אֶל Jon 4:1 or וירע לְ Ne 2:10 (intensified by רָעָה גְדוֹלָה), וַיֵּרַע לִי מְאֹד 13:8. 2. be sad: ירע לבב Dt 15:10; 1 S 1:8; יֵֽרְעוּ פָנַי Ne 2:3. 3. be injurious, evil: וַיֵּרַע לְ ψ 106:32 it went ill with Moses, pers. subj. 2 S 20:6; רַעָה עַיִן be grudging, c. ב pers., Dt 15:9; 28:54, 56. 4. be evil, wicked, ethically: וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Gn 38:10 (J); 2 S 11:27; Is 59:15; בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים 1 Ch 21:7.
†Niph. suffer hurt: Impf. 3 ms. יֵרוֹעַ (רַע) Pr 11:15; 13:20.
Hiph. 70 Pf. 3 ms. הֵרַע Ex 5:23 +; 2 ms. הֲרֵעוֹתָ 1 K 17:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֵעַ Zp 1:12, וַיָּ֫רַע 1 K 16:25; 2 ms. תָּרַע ψ 44:3 +, etc. inf. abs. הָרֵעַ 1 S 12:25 1 Ch 21:17; cstr.הָרַע Gn 31:7 + 8 times, הָרֵ֑עַ Is 1:16 + 4 times; Pt. מֵרַע Is 9:16; Pr 17:4; pl. מְרֵעִים Is 1:4 +;— 1. do an injury, hurt: abs. Gn 44:5 (J), Is 11:9 = 65:25; Je 31:28; Pr 4:16; 24:8; opp. היטיב Is 41:23; Je 10:5; Zp 1:12 (all in prov. phr. = do anything at all, cf. רָע 2); הרע ל Gn 19:9; 43:6; Ex 5:22, 23; Nu 11:11 (J) 20:15; Jos 24:20 (E) + 5 times; c. acc. pers. Nu 16:15 (J) + 4 times; c. בְּ, 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15 (c. ל), Je 25:29 ψ 74:3; c. עִמָּדִי Gn 31:7 (E); c. על 1 K 17:20; c. ל + inf. Je 16:12; swear לְהָרַע, = to one’s hurt, ψ 15:4; Lv 5:4 (P); Pt. = subst. לְבָבָם לְמֵרָע Dn 11:27 (shall be) for mischief. 2. do evil, wickedly: abs. Gn 19:7 (J) 1 S 12:25(×2) + 6 times; opp. היטיב Je 4:22; 13:23; c. מִן comp., 1 K 14:9; 16:25; 2 K 21:11; Je 7:26; 16:12; c. acc. הֵרֵעוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Mi 3:4, cf. 1 S 25:3; Pt. מֵרַע evil doer, Is 9:16; Pr 17:4; pl. Je 20:13; 23:14 ψ 27:2 + 7 times; זֶרַע מ׳ Is 1:4; 14:20; בית מ׳ 31:2; עֲדַת מ׳ ψ 22:17; קְהַל מ׳ 26:5; סוֹד מ׳ 64:3.BDB רָעַע.2
† II. [רָעַע] vb. break (Aramaic loan-word = Heb. רָצַץ q.v.);—
Qal Pf. 3 pl. רָעוּ Je 11:16; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֹעַ Je 15:12; Jb 34:24, 2 ms. sf. תְּרֹעֵם ψ 2:9 (but v. infr.); inf. abs. רֹ֫עָה Is 24:19 (del. ה as dittogr. and read רֹעַ, v. Hithpōʿ.); Pt. f. רֹעָה (? for רֹעֲעָה) Pr 25:19:— 1. trans. הֲיָרֹעַ כַּרְזֶל בַּרְזֶל וגו׳ Je 15:12 can one break iron, iron out of the north? cf. יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים Jb 34:24; תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל ψ 2:9 (but read תִּרְעֵם, v. I. רעה, 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hup-Now al.). 2. intrans. break = be broken, of branches Je 11:16 (in fig.; Gf Or al.; > Hi Gie are in a sad state, √ I. רעע); שֵׁן רֹעָה Pr 25:19 a broken tooth (ר׳ = רֹעֲעָה?; Frankenb Niph. Pt. נְרָעָה, cf. Toy, but Niph. not elsewhere; Vrss רָעָה bad).—רֹ֫עוּ Is 8:9 read דְּעוּ (𝔊 Lo Che al., ‖ הַאֲזִינוּ).
Hithpōʿ. Pf. 3 fs. + Qal inf. abs. (v. supr.) רֹעַ הִתְרֹעֲעָה הָארץ Is 24:19 the earth is broken asunder (‖ פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה, מוֹט הִתְמוֹטְטָה); also inf. cstr. לְהִתְרוֹעֵעַ Pr 18:24 will be broken in pieces (Ges§ 114 i), ruined, De al., but < read לְהִתְרָעוֹת Vrss Toy al., v. II. רעה Hithp. (see, however, DrExpos. Times xi (1899—1900), 230 f.).BDB רָעַע².2
† [רָעַף] vb. trickle, drip, synon. of נזל, II. ערף (cf. Arabic رَعَفَ flow (of blood), bleed (of the nose));—
Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְעֲפוּ, of clouds Jb 36:28 (c. עֲלֵי pers.; ‖ יִזְּלוּ), c. acc. mat. טַל Pr 3:20; fig. מַעְגָּלֶיךָ יִרְעֲפוּן דָּ֑שֶׁן ψ 65:12 (i.e. fertilizing rain); subj. of moistened ground, נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר, v 13.
Hiph. Imv. mpl. הַרְעִיפוּ Is 45:8 trickle, O heavens, from above (fig.: ‖ יִזְּלוּ צֶדֶק).BDB רָעַף.2
† [רָעַץ] vb. shatter (Aramaic רְעַץ smite, shatter; cf. perhaps TelAm. raḫâṣu, WklTelAm. 128, 31; 137, 32);
Qal Impf. 3 fs. יְמִינְךָ י׳ תִּרְעַץ אוֹיֵב Ex 15:6; 3 m. pl. וַיִּרְעֲצוּ Ju 10:8, acc. pers. (of men; ‖ וַיְרֹצְצוּ).BDB רָעַץ.2
† רַ֫עַשׁ n.m. Je 10:22 quaking, shaking;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 19:11 +, cstr. Na 3:2; Jb 41:21;—
1. specif. earthquake, Am 1:1; Zc 14:5; 1 K 19:11(×2), 12; fig. of י׳’s judgment Is 29:6; Ez 38:19; cf. (in vision) קוֹל ר׳ גָּדוֹל 3:12, 13; prob. also 37:7 (𝔊 Thes Co Krae; > rustling, rattling, Hi-Sm Toy); hence hyperbol. of shaking of earth by tramping of warriors Is 9:4, by war-chariots Je 47:3, cf. 10:22, or wheels Na 3:2, by war-horse(ʾs hoofs) Jb 39:24. *(רֹנֶז+)
2. quaking, trembling, of pers. Ez 12:18.
3. shaking, quivering, of dart Jb 41:21 (al. rushing sound).BDB רַ֫עַשׁ.2
† [רָעַשׁ] vb. quake, shake, intr. (NH = BH, so Aramaic ܪܥܰܫ (rare), and (once) רְעַשׁ toss, rage (of sea); Arabic رَعَسَ, usually رَعِشَ, رَعَشَ (loan-word?), tremble, quiver, quake; cf. perhaps Assyrian rêšu exult);—
Qal Pf. 3 fs. רָֽעֲשָׁה Je 8:16; 49:21, רָעָ֑שָׁה Ju 5:4 ψ 68:9; 3 pl. רָעֲשׁוּ Jo 2:10 +, etc. Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַשׁ ψ 72:16, 3 fpl. תִּרְעַשְׁנָה Ez 26:10, etc.; Pt. pl. רֹעֲשִׁים Je 4:24;—quake, shake, of earth Ju 5:4 = ψ 68:9, 2 S 22:8 (‖ רגז = ψ 18:8 (‖ id.), ψ 77:19 (+ רגז), also Is 13:13 (c. עַל־כֵּן, + מִמְּקוֹמוֹ, pregn.; ‖ רָגַז), Je 51:29; c. מִן caus. Je 8:16; 10:10; 49:21; of מוֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ Is 24:18; of heavens Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי caus.; ‖ רָגַז); heavens and earth 4:16; mts. Je 4:24 Na 1:5 (מִן pers. caus.), ψ 46:4 (ב caus.); walls Ez 26:10 (מִן caus.); אִיִּים v 15 (id.); מִגְרשׁוֹת 27:28 (ל caus.); הַסִּפִּים Am 9:1; all living things Ez 38:20 (מִפָּנַי caus.); of waving grain ψ 72:16.
Niph. נִרְעֲשָׁה הָאָרֶץ Je 50:46 is made to quake (מִקּוֹל).
Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִרְעַשְׁתָּה ψ 60:4; 1 s. הִרְעַשְׁתִּי 31:16; וְהִר׳ consec. Hg 2:7; Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. (הֲ)תַרְעִישֶׁנּוּ Jb 39:20; Pt. מַרְעִישׁ Is 14:16 + 2 times;— 1. cause to quake, subj. י׳, c. acc. of heavens, earth, nations, etc., Hg 2:6, 7, 21, cf. ψ 60:4; nations + מִקּוֹל Ez 31:16; subj. man, c. acc. of kingdoms Is 14:16 (‖ מַרְגִּיז). 2. cause (horse) to spring, leap (like locust), man subj., Jb 39:20.BDB רָעַשׁ.2
† רָפָא vb. heal (NH in deriv.; Ph. רפא, Syriac ܪܦܳܐ heal; on Aramaic n.pr. cpd. with רפא v. NöZMG xl (1886), 723 Lzb 369; Sab. n.pr. אלרפא Langer 1, 1 DHMZMG xxxvii (1883), 326; Arabic رَفَأَ (and رَفَا) darn, mend, repair, pacify; Ethiopic ረፍአ stitch together, mend; cf. Küchenmeister ZWiss. Th. xxx (1887), 257 ff.);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְר׳ Is 6:10, sf. וּרְפָאָם 19:22, 1 s. sf. consec. וּרְפָאתִיו 57:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְפָּא 2 K 20:8 +, sf. יִרְפָּאֵנוּ Ho 6:1, 1 s. אֶרְפָּא Ho 14:5 +, אֶרְפָּה (Ges§ 75 pp) Je 3:22; 3 fpl. תִּרְפֶּינָה (id.ib. qq) Jb 5:18, etc.; Imv. ms. רְפָא Nu 12:13, רְפָה (id.ib. pp) ψ 60:4, רְפָאָ֫ה 41:5, etc.; inf. abs. רָפוֹא Is 19:22; cstr. לִרְפֹּא Ho 5:13, etc.; Pt. רֹפֵא (פֶ K 3) 2 K 20:5 +;—heal: 1. lit., a. of God, c. acc. pers. Gn 20:17 (E), ψ 107:20 (sf.), c. ל pers. Nu 12:13 (JE) 2 K 20:5, 8. b. of men, abs. Ec 3:3 (opp. הרג); pt. as subst. healer, physician, Gn 50:2(×2), (J) 2 Ch 16:12. 2. fig., heal hurts of nation, involving י׳’s (restored) favour (and, often, forgiveness): a. subj. י׳, c. sf. pers., Ho 6:1; 11:3 (yet cf. We Now), Ex 15:26 (J), Is 19:22b; 57:18, 19 Je 33:6 ψ 30:3, cf. 6:3; c. acc. עַם 2 Ch 30:20, c. acc. אֶרֶץ 2 Ch 7:14; c. ל of nation Ho 7:1, and (indef. subj.) Is 6:10 (lest) one heal them (= pass., they be healed); c. acc. of hurt, מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ 30:26, שְׁבָרִים (of land) ψ 60:4, so מְשׁוּבָה Ho 14:5; Je 3:22 (incl. the consequences of backsliding); c. ל of hurt ψ 103:3; acc. nation (personif.) + מִן of hurt Je 30:17 I will heal thee of thy wounds (‖ אֶרְפָּאֵךְ); abs. Is 19:22a (opp. נגף), Dt 32:39 (opp. מחץ); pt. as subst. healer, physician Je 8:22. b. human subj., c. ל of nation, Ho 5:13, cf. La 2:13. 3. a. fig., heal individ. distresses, c. sf. pers. Je 17:14, c. acc. נַפְשִׁי = me ψ 41:5, c. ל pers., לִשְׁבוּרֵי לֵב ψ 147:3 (i.e. longing exiles, cf. Is 61:3); abs. Jb 5:18 (opp. מחץ); b. pt. as subst Jb 13:4.
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִרְפָּא Lv 13:37 +, 3 fs. נִרְפָּ֑תָה (Ges§ 75 qq) Je 51:9; 3 pl. וְנִרְפּאוּ consec. Ez 47:8; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּרָפֵא Je 51:8; 3 mpl. יֵרָֽפְאוּ Ez 47:9, 11, וַיֵּרָפוּ (Gesl.c.) 2 K 2:22, etc.; inf. cstr. הֵרָפֵא Je 15:18 +, הֵרָפֵה (id.ib.) Je 19:11;—be healed: 1. lit., of pers. 1 S 6:3; + acc. of disease Dt 28:27, 35; subj. disease Lv 13:18, 37; 14:3, 48; of (bad) water 2 K 2:22, salt waters (prediction), i.e. be made fresh, Ez 47:8, 9, 11; of (broken) pottery, i.e. be made whole, Je 19:11 (in sim.). 2. fig., be healed: a. of national hurts, subj. city Je 51:8, 9; involving forgiveness and י׳’s blessing, impers. c. ל of people, נִרְפָּא־לָנוּ Is 53:5 i.e. healing has come to us. b. of personal distress, subj. pers. Je 17:14, subj. the distress 15:18.
Pi. Pf. 1 s. רִפִּאתִי 2 K 2:21; 2 mpl. רִפֵּאתֶם Ez 34:4; 1 pl. רִפִּאנוּ Je 51:9; Impf. 3 ms. יְרַפֵּא Ex 21:19; Zc 11:16, וַיְרַפֵּא 1 K 18:30; 3 mpl. וַיְרַפְּאוּ Je 6:14, וַיְרַפּוּ (Ges§ 75 qq) 8:11; inf. abs. רַפֹּא Ex 21:19;—have healed, heal, usually human subj.: 1. lit., רַפֹּא יְרַפֵּא Ex 21:19 he shall have (him) well healed; c. acc. of altar, = repair, 1 K 18:30; c. ל of water (subj. י׳) 2 K 2:21. 2. fig. of healing national defects and hurts, acc. pers., Ez 34:14; Zc 11:16; work at healing, treat (acc. of hurt) Je 6:14; 8:11 (both עַל־נְקַלָּה, v. [קָלַל] Niph. 2), 51:9.
Hiph. inf. cstr. of purpose, לְהִתְרַפֵּא, lit., in order to get healed, + מִן of wounds 2 K 8:29 = 9:15, so ‖ 2 Ch 22:6 (read with 𝔊 מִן for כִּי, cf. Be Kau Benz).—v. רָפָה relax.BDB רָפָא.2
† I. רָפָא n.pr.m. in Benj., 1 Ch 8:2, Ραφη[α].—II. רָפָא v. רפה.—Vid. also בֵּית ר׳ p. 112.BDB רָפָא².2
† [רְפֻאָה] n.f. remedy, medicine;—pl. abs. רְפֻאֹת Ez 30:21 Je 30:13, -וֹת 46:11 (all fig.).BDB רְפֻאָה.2
† רִפְאוּת n.f. healing;—ר׳ abs. Pr 3:8 (fig.).BDB רִפְאוּת.2
I, II. רְפָאִים v. sub רפה.BDB רְפָאִים.2
† I. רְפָאִים n.m. Jb 26:5 pl. shades, ghosts (by most connected with above √, as sunken, powerless, ones, StaG. i. 420; Ph. רפאם);—Wisd. lit. and late, name of dead in Sheʾôl, c. art. הָר׳ Jb 26:5, elsewhere nearly = n.pr.: ר׳ Is 14:9 (in Sheʾôl), 26:14 (‖ מֵתִים), ψ 88:11 (‖ id.), Pr 2:18 (‖ מָוֶת), 9:18 (in עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל), קְחַל רְפָאִים 21:16; of righteous Isr. Is 26:19 earth shall cast forth ר׳ (‖ מֵתֶיךָ).BDB רְפָאִים².2
† II. רְפָאִים n.pr.gent. old race of giants (perhaps = I. ר׳, as extinct and powerless; v. especially WRS in Dr Dt 2:11; or as shadowy, vaguely known, SchwallyZAW xviii (1896), 127 ff. v. also Stal.c.);—ancient inhab. of Canaan [W. of Jordan?], Gn 15:20; Jos 17:15 (JE), cf. 1 Ch 20:4 (v. II. רָפָה supr.); hence עֵמֶק ר׳, plain S. of Jerus. 2 S 5:18, 22; 23:13; 1 Ch 11:15; 14:9; Is 17:5; Jos 15:8; 18:16 (P); ר׳ E. of Jordan Dt 2:11 (‖ עֲנָקִים; tall, cf. v 10), v 20 (‖ id.; tall; = Zamzummim); in Bashan, Gn 14:5, Og the last of them Dt 3:11 (of huge size), Jos 12:4; 13:12 (D); אֶרֶץ ר׳ Dt 2:20; 3:13. 𝔊 Ραφαειν[μ]; οἱ γίγαντες Gn 14:5 + 4 times; τῶν Τιτάνων 2 S 5:18, 22 + (𝔊L) 23:13.BDB רְפָאִים³.2
† רְפָאֵל n.pr.m. Levite, 1 Ch 26:7, Ραφαηλ.BDB רְפָאֵל.2
† [רָפַד] vb. spread (Assyrian rapâdu, stretch oneself; Arabic رَفَدَ prop up, support, aid, give, cf. Pi. infr.; Sab. רפדת pl. protection, guard, CIS iv, no. 40, 3, cf. ארפד terraces DHMHofmus.);—
Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִרְפַּד Jb 41:22 he (the crocodile) spread a threshing-sledge upon the mud (leaves marks upon it from his scales).
Pi. Pf. 1 s. of couch (fig.) רִפַּדְתִּי יְצוּעָ֑י Jb 17:13; then (spread out any support, hence) Imv. mpl. sf. רַפְּדוּנִי Ct 2:5 support me with apples (‖ סַמְּכוּ).BDB רָפַד.2
† רָפֶה adj. slack;—abs. ר׳, of people, Nu 13:18 (J); cstr. רְפֵה יָדַיִם 2 S 17:2, i.e. weak (‖ יָגֵעַ); fpl. יָדַיִם רָפוֹת fig. of discouragement and fear Is 35:3; Jb 4:3. cf. √ Qal. 2.BDB רָפֶה.2
† I. רָפָה n.pr.m. in Saul’s line 1 Ch 8:37, Ραφαι(α), 𝔊L Αραχα; v. רְפָיָה.—II. ר׳ v. רפה.BDB רָפָה.2
† רָפָה vb. sink, relax (NH id., so Aramaic רפא (der. spec.), Zinj. רפה Aph., ܪܦܳܐ; Arabic رَفَاهَة an easy life is perhaps akin);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. Ju 19:9 (yet v. infr.); 3 fs. רָֽפְתָה Ju 8:3 Je 49:24, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְפֶּה Is 5:24, וַיִּ֫רֶף Ex 4:26 (v. infr.), etc.;— 1. sink down, of hay in flame Is 5:24; sink, decline, of day Ju 19:9 (si vera l.; 𝔊L κέκλικεν, GFM נָטָה [but how expl. the difficult רפה?]). Usually 2. sink, drop (of wings, v. Pi.), of hands, c. מִן Ne 6:9 their hands will drop from the work (in fear); elsewhere abs. fig. = lose heart, energy, 2 S 4:1; Is 13:7; Je 6:24; 50:43; Ez 7:17; 21:12; Zp 3:16; 2 Ch 15:7; יָדַיִם om. Je 49:24. 3. relax, abate, of temper Ju 8:3 (+ מֵעַל pers.). 4. relax, withdraw, subj. י׳, מִן pers. Ex 4:26 (J), i.e. let one alone (but read perhaps וַיֶּרֶף, v Hiph.).
Niph. Pt. pl. נִרְפִּים idle Ex 5:18, 17 (J).
Pi. Pf. 3 ms. רִפָּה Jb 12:21; Impf. 3 fpl.; תְּרַפֶּינָה Ez 1:24, 25; Pt. מְרַפֵּא (Ges§ 75 rr) Je 38:4; pl. מְרַפִּים Ezr 4:4;—causat.: let wings drop Ez 1:24, 25 (read Qal, כנפיהם subj., 𝔊 Co Toy Krae al., who del. in v 25); loosen and let drop, girdle of mighty, fig. for weaken them Jb 12:21; c. acc. hands, fig. for enfeeble, dishearten Je 38:4; Ezr 4:4.
Hiph. Impf., 3 ms. sf. יַרְפְּךָ Dt 4:31 +; juss. 2 ms. תֶּ֫רֶף Jos 10:6 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַרְפֵּה Ju 11:37; 2 K 4:27; הֶ֫רֶף Dt 9:14 +; mpl. הַרְפּוּ ψ 46:11;—causat., 1. let drop, the hand 2 S 24:16 = 1 Ch 21:15; fig., + מִן pers., = abandon, Jos 10:6 (JE); perhaps also (יָד om.) = relax, refrain Ex 4:26 (reading וַיֶּרֶף, v Qal.); acc. rei, = abandon, forsake, Ne 6:3, so (subj. י׳) ψ 138:8; subj. י׳, c. acc. pers., Dt 4:31; 31:6, 8; Jos 1:5 (D), 1 Ch 28:20. 2. let go, sf. pers., Ct 3:4 (opp. אחז); fig., acc. (om.) מוּסָר, Pr 4:13 (opp. החזיק), צְדָקָה Jb 27:6 (opp. id.). 3. refrain, c. מִן pers., = let one alone Ju 11:37; Dt 9:14, מִן of anger ψ 37:8; c. ל pers. 1 S 11:3; 2 K 4:27; acc. pers. Jb 7:19; abs. let alone, i.e. do nothing, be quiet, 1 S 15:16 ψ 46:11 (cf. Weir in Dr 18 15, 16).—Je 3:22; Jb 5:18 ψ 60:4 v. רָפָא.
Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְרַפִּית Pr 24:10 hast shewn thyself slack; Pt. מִתְרַפֶּה 18:9 one shewing himself slack, pl. מִתְרַפִּים Jos 18:3.—Vid. also רָפָא heal.BDB רָפָה².2
† II. רָפָה II. רָפָא as n.pr.m., always c. art. Hā-Rāphā (perhaps der. from n.pr.gent. II. רְפָאִים, q.v.);—הָֽרָפָה 2 S 21:16, 18, c. prep. לְהָ׳ v 20:22 = לְהָרָפָא 1 Ch 20:6, 8;—only as parent, בִּילִידֵי הָר׳ 2 S 21:16, 18 (= מִילִידֵי הָֽרְפָאִים 1 Ch 20:4); יֻלַּד לְהָר׳ v 20, 22 ‖ I Ch 20:6, 8.—1. רָפָה v. sub רָפָא.BDB רָפָה³.2
† רָפוּא n.pr.m. in Benj., Nu 13:9, Ραφου[αυ].BDB רָפוּא.2
רִפוֹת v. רִיפָה sub ריף.BDB רִפוֹת.2
† רֶ֫פַח n.pr.m. in Ephr., 1 Ch 7:25, Ραφη[α].BDB רֶ֫פַח.2
† [רְפִידָה] n.f. perhaps support (cf. Arabic supr.), i.e. back, or arm, of palanquin; sf. רְפִידָתוֹ Ct 3:10; 𝔊 ἀνάκλιτον, 𝔙 reclinatorium.BDB רְפִידָה.2
† רְפִידִים n.pr.loc. station of Isr. at Exodus (in P), Ex 17:1; 19:2; רְפִידִם 17:8 Nu 33:14, 15; Ραφιδειν.—אַרְפַּד v. p. 75.BDB רְפִידִים.2
† רְפָיָה n.pr.m.
1. in David’s family 1 Ch 3:21, Ραφαλ, A 𝔊L Ραφαια.
2. in Simeon, 4:42, Ραφαια(ς).
3. in Issachar, 7:2, Ραφαρα, A 𝔊L Ραφαια.
4. descendant of Saul 9:43, Ραφαια, 𝔊L Αραχα (= רָפָה 8:37).
5. post-ex. name Ne 3:9, Ραφαια(ς).BDB רְפָיָה.2
רְפָיָה n.pr.m. v. sub רפא. רִפְיוֹן v. רפה.BDB רְפָיָה².2
† [רִפָּיוֹן] Ges§ 85 u, or רִפְיוֹן Sta§ 296 d cf. Köii. 154] n.[m.] sinking;—cstr. רִפְיוֹן יָדַיִם Je 47:3 sinking of hands, fig. of helpless terror.BDB רִפָּיוֹן.2
† רָפַס, רָפַשׂ vb. stamp, tread, foul by stamping, treading (NH רָפַס tread, Syriac ܪܦܰܣ; cf. Arabic رَفَسَ kick);—
Qal Impf. 2 ms. וַתִּרְפֹּס Ez 32:2, c. acc. rivers; 2 mpl. תִּרְפּשׁ֑וּן 34:18.
Niph. Pt. מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ Pr 25:26 a fountain befouled.
Hithp. (stamp oneself down, then fig.), Imv. ms. הִתְרַפֵּס Pr 6:3 humble thyself, become a suppliant (RVm Toy bestir thyself, as conject.); Pt. מִתְרַפֵּס בְּרַצֵּי כָ֑סֶף ψ 68:31 stamping, trampling, down pieces of silver (?), obscure and prob. crpt., see conjj. in Bae al. and פַּתְרֹס supr., ad fin.BDB רָפַס.2
† [רַפְסֹדָה] n.[f.] raft (etym. dub.; NH once רַפְסוּדוֹת bench or stool on which feet rest);—pl. רַפְסֹדוֹת 2 Ch 2:16 (late ‖ for דֹּבְרוֹת 1 K 5:23).BDB רַפְסֹדָה.2
† [רָפַף] vb. Pōʿ. shake, rock (Aramaic רְפַף, ܪܰܦ move gently: Arabic رَفَّ quiver, flash, throb; also NH רִפְרֵף flutter, Arabic رَفْرَفَ flutter, flap wings);—Impf. 3 mpl. עַמּוּדֵי שָׁמַיִם יְרוֹפָ֑פוּ Jb 26:11.BDB רָפַף.2
† [רָפַק] vb.
Hithp. support oneself, lean (Ethiopic ረፈቀ reclinare, accumbere ad mensam; cf. Arabic رَفَقَ be gentle, bind camel’s arm to prevent going quickly; مَرْفِقٌ NH מַרְפַּק, J.Aram מַרְפְּקָא, elbow);—Pt. f. מִתְרַפֶּקֶת Ct 8:5 (c. עַל pers.).BDB רָפַק.2
רפשׂ v. רפס.BDB רפשׂ.2
רפשׁ (√ of foll.; NH רֶפֶשׁ = BH; Schulthess 71 f. cp. Arabic رَفَثَ talk or act obscenely, and a Syriac ܪܶܦܬܶܐ slay, refuse (not in PS Brock al.)).BDB רפשׁ.2
† ר֫פֶשׁ n.[m.] mire;—Is 57:20 (+ טִיט).BDB ר֫פֶשׁ.2
† [רֶ֫פֶת] n.[m.] appar. stable, stall (NH id.; √ dub.; Thes from רפף, cf. Arabic رَفٌّ enclosure for sheep and goats, but no satisfactory meaning of רפף known);—pl. רְפָתִים Hb 3:17 (for cattle).BDB רֶ֫פֶת.2
[רַץ] v. רצץ.BDB רַץ.2
רָץ v. רוץ.BDB רָץ.2
† [רַץ] n.[m.] usually piece, bar (?), in phr. מִתְרַפֵּס בְּרַצֵּי כָ֑סֶף ψ 68:31, but very obscure and dub.; Aq. 𝔙 wheels; 𝔊 Symm צְרֻפֵי; Che בְּבִצְרֵי כסף, or בְּבֶצַע כ׳, or (JBL xi (1892), 125) בְּרֹצֵי כ׳ (i.e. mercenaries); Pott We בְּרֹצֵי כָזָב; Du בְּרֹצֵי סִפְּךָ.BDB רַץ².2
† [רָצָא] vb. si vera l., ‖ form of רוּץ run, inf. abs. רָצוֹא Ez 1:14, but read יָצוֹא (יֵֽצְאוּ) Hi-Sm Co Toy, cf. Krae Berthol al.; 𝔊 om. verse and most mod. think interpol.—Vid. also רצה.BDB רָצָא.2
† [רָצַד] vb.
Pi. watch stealthily, or with envious hostility (Arabic رَصَدَ watch or wait (often lie in wait for; ירצד Ecclus 14:22 observe stealthily, so once Aramaic רְצַד LevyNHWB iv. 464);—only Impf. 2 mpl. תְּרַצְּדוּן ψ 68:17 (fig. of mts., c. acc.).BDB רָצַד.2
† רָצָה vb. be pleased with, accept favourably (NH id., will, be willing; Arabic رَضِىَ (orig. و) be well pleased with, NöZMG liv (1900), 155; Sab. רצֿו favour CIS iv. no. 77, 9 al., cf. HomSüdar. Chrest. 123, רצֿים good, acceptable, CIS iv, no. 73, 9. al., of a coin, good, id.ib. no. 21, 5; Aramaic ܪܥܳܐ רְעָא, ܪܥܳܐ have pleasure in, cf. II. רָעָה supr.);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. ר׳ Ec 9:7; sf. רָצָם Je 14:10; 1 s. וְרָצִאתִי Ez 43:27 consec. (metapl. Ges§ 75 rr; Aramaism, Krae; but Co וְרָצִיתִי), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְצֶה ψ 147:10 +, sf. יִרְצְךָ Mal 1:8; 3 fs. juss. תִּ֫רֶץ Lv 26:43; 3 fpl. תִּרְצֶנָה Pr 23:26 Kt (< Qr תִּצֹּרְנָה, √ נצר, cf. Toy), etc.; Imv. רְצֵה ψ 40:14; 119:108; inf. cstr. רְצוֹת Pr 16:7 ψ 77:8, etc.; Pt. רוֹצֶה 147:11; 149:4, sf. רֹצָם Je 14:12; pass. רָצוּי Est 10:3, cstr. רְצוּי Dt 33:24;— 1. be pleased with, favourable to: a. of God, c. acc. pers. Is 42:1 ψ 44:4; 147:11; Jb 33:26; c. acc. rei ψ 85:2 1 Ch 29:17; Pr 16:7; Ec 9:7; c. ב pers. ψ 149:4; ב rei 147:10; Hg 1:8; abs. ψ 77:8. b. of men: c. acc. pers., subj. father Mal 1:8, ‖ אהב Pr 3:12; of brother Gn 33:10 (JE), monarch 2 Ch 10:7; c. acc. rei ψ 62:5; 102:15; Jb 14:6; Pr 23:26 (but v. supr.); c. בְּ rei 1 Ch 29:3 ψ 49:14; עִם pers. Jb 34:9 ψ 50:18; pt. pass. רָצוּי favoured, acceptable to Dt 33:24 (poem), Est 10:3. 2. accept: of God, c. acc. pers., sacrificing, 2 S 24:23; Ho 8:13; Je 14:10, 12; Ez 20:40, 41; 43:27; c. acc. of sacrifice Dt 33:11; Mal 1:10, 13 ψ 51:18; 119:108; c. בְ of sacrifice Mi 6:7; abs. Am 5:22. 3. be pleased: a. determined, c. inf. ψ 40:14. b. c. בּ pers. 1 Ch 28:4. 4. make acceptable, satisfy (by paying off debt), subj. land, paying off its sabbaths (Di Dr al. accept, be satisfied with [in payment]) Lv 26:34, 43; 2 Ch 36:21, c. acc. of guilt incurred (עָוֹן) Lv 26:41, 43 (< point all these as Hiph., so SS Gerber).
Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִרְצָה Lv 1:4 Is 40:2; Impf. 3 ms. יֵרָצֶה Lv 7:18 +, etc.;— 1. pass. of Qal 2, be accepted, of sacrifices, c. ל pers., Lv 1:4; 22:25; c. ל of sacrifice 22:23, 27; abs. 7:18; 19:7. 2. pass. of Qal 4: נִרְצָה עֲוֹנָהּ Is 40:2 her punishment is accepted (as satisfactory).
Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. יְרַצּוּ Jb 20:10, c. acc. דַּלִּים seek the favour of the poor (but Bu SS Gerber from רצץ).
Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. וְהִרְצָת (Ges§ 75 m) consec. Lv 26:34 the land shall pay off her sabbaths (acc.), cf. Qal 4.
Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. יִתְרַצֶּה 1 S 29:4 with what shall he make himself acceptable unto (אֶל) his lord? + 3 mpl. יִתְרַצּוּ Ho 4:10 𝔊 We Now (for MT יפרצו) they shall not have delight.BDB רָצָה.2
† רָצוֹן n.[m.] goodwill, favour, acceptance, will;—abs. ר׳ Dt 33:23 +; cstr. רְצוֹן ψ 145:19 +; sf. רְצוֹנִי Is 60:10, רְצֹנוֹ Dn 8:4 +, etc.;—
1. goodwill, favour: a. of God, Dt 33:16; Is 60:10 ψ 5:13; 30:6, 8; 51:20; 89:18; 106:4; Pr 8:35; 12:2; 18:22; עֵת ר׳ Is 49:8 ψ 69:14; יוֹם ר׳ Is 58:5; שְׁנַת־ר׳ Is 61:2; ‖ בְּרָכָה Dt 33:23; opp. תּוֹעֵכָה Pr 11:1, 20; 12:22; 15:8. b. of men: in gen. Pr 10:32; 11:27; 14:9; of kings v 35 16:13, 15; 19:12.
2. acceptance, of persons, offering sacrifice, לרצון לפני יהוה Ex 28:38 (P); c. ל pers. for acceptance for him before י׳; c. sf. pers. לרצנוֹ Lv 1:3; abbrev. לְרָצוֹן לָכֶם 22:20, לרצנכם 19:5; 22:19, 29; 23:11, לרצון 22:21 Is 56:7; Je 6:20 ψ 19:15 (of words; cf. Ho 14:3); על רצון Is 60:7 (read לְ, so Codd., v. Gi, also Du), רצון Mal 2:13.
3. will, desire, pleasure: a. of God, עשׂה ר׳ do his will Ezr 10:11 ψ 40:9; 103:21; 143:10. b. of man, עשׂה כרצונוֹ do according to his will, exactly as he pleased, Dn 8:4; 11:3, 16, 36; Ne 9:24; Est 1:8; 9:5, cf. Ne 9:37; desire ψ 145:16, 19 2 Ch 15:15; = self-will Gn 49:6 (poem).BDB רָצוֹן.2
† רֶ֫צַח n.[m.] shattering;—בְּר׳ בְּעַצְמוֹתַי ψ 42:11 with a shattering in my bones, fig. of effect of sneering words (Codd. כְּר׳; Ol Gr Che We כְּרָקָב); appar. slaughter Ez 21:27, but 𝔊 βοῇ (so ‖ תְּרוּעָה), Co רִנָּה, Houb (in Rosenm) צֶרַח, so Berthol Toy Krae.BDB רֶ֫צַח.2
† רָצַח vb. murder, slay (NH (rare, also in deriv.) = BH; cf. Arabic رَضَحَ, رَضَخَ break, bruise, crush);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. זְר׳ Nu 35:27, וּרְצָחוֹ Dt 22:26; 2 ms. (הֲ)רָצַחְתָּ 1 K 21:19; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְצַח Nu 35:30; Dt 4:42; 2 ms. (-צַח) תִּרְצָ֑ח Ex 20:13 = Dt 5:17; inf. abs. רָצֹחַ Ho 4:2; Je 7:9; Pt. act. רֹצֵחַ Dt 19:3 +, רוֹ׳ 4:42 +;—murder, slay, with premeditation, Ex 20:13 (E) = Dt 5:17; Ho 4:2; Je 7:9; 1 K 21:19 (all abs.); c. acc. pers. Dt 22:26, unawares Dt 4:42; slay as avenger Nu 35:27, 30 (P; ‖ הֵמִית v 19, 21); especially pt. as subst. = slayer, manslayer, without intent, Dt 4:42; 19:3, 4, 6; also in P: Nu 35:6, 11, 12, 25, 26, 27, 28; Jos 20:3, 5, 6; 21:13, 21, 27, 32, 26 (van d. H., Baer, v 33 Gi; all P); murderer, with intent, Nu 35:16(×2), 17(×2), 18(×2), 19, 21(×2), 30, 31; also Jb 24:14.
Niph. Impf. 1 s. אֵרָצֵחַ Pr 22:13 I shall be slain; Pt. fs. as adj. אִשָּׁה הַנִּרְצָחָה Ju 20:4 the murdered woman.
Pi. (intens.) murder, assassinate: 3 mpl. יְרַצְּחוּ Ho 6:9 (abs.), יְרַצֵּ֑חוּ ψ 94:6 (acc. pers., ‖ הָרַג); ψ 62:4 v. infr.; Pt. מְרַצֵּחַ, as subst. 2 K 6:32 murderer, assassin; pl. מְרַצְּחִים Is 1:21 assassins.
Pu. Impf., 2 mpl. תְּרָצְּחוּ ψ 62:4, so Baer Gi, van d. H. תְּרָצְהוּ, but Ben Napht. Pi. תְּרַצְּחוּ (Baer 143), so Vrss Hup-Now De Che Bae al. ye murder (or batter, shatter).BDB רָצַח.2
† רִצְיָא n.pr.m. in Asher 1 Ch 7:39, Ρασ(ε)ια.BDB רִצְיָא.2
† רְצִין n.pr.m.
1. king of Aram, Ahaz’s time: 2 K 15:37; 16:5, 6, 9; Is 7:1, 4, 8; 8:6; 9:10; Ρα(α)σ(σ)ων, Ρασειν.*
2. Ezr 2:48 = Ne 7:50, Ρα(α)σων.BDB רְצִין.2
† רָצַע vb. bore, pierce (NH = BH; Arabic رَصَعَ stab violently);—
Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְר׳ Ex 21:6 (E) he shall pierce his ear (acc., ב instr.).BDB רָצַע.2
II. רצף (√ of foll.; prob. glow, cf. Arabic رَضْفٌ heated stone, رَضَفَ cauterize, roast; Syriac ܪܰܥܦܳܐ bread baked in ashes (coals), cf. RobBR i. 485, ii. 117, 262).BDB רצף.2
† רֶ֫צֶף n.pr.loc. conquered by Assyrian (Assyrian Raṣappa, COT 2 K 19:12 SchrKGF 167 DlPa 297; prob. = Ῥησάφα Ptol v. 18);—2 K 19:12 = Is 37:12, Ραφε(ι)ς, Ραφεθ; mod. Ruṣâfa, between Palmyra and the Euphrates Dll.c. Peters Nippur i. 105.BDB רֶ֫צֶף.2
† I. [רָצַף] vb. fit together, fit out, si vera l. (Ecclus 43:8 d id. Pi. pave (fig.; si vera l.); Assyrian raṣâpu join together, build; Arabic رَصَفَ join together, cf. DHMVOJ i. 30, Sab. רצף, רצפם Id.ib. Hal JAS, 1872, Juin, 534; Aramaic רְצַף, ܪܨܰܦ arrange in a line; cf. Aramaic רִצְפְּתָא, ܪܨܳܦܳܐ, NH רִצְפָה, all = pavement);—
Qal Pt. pass. תּוֹכוֹ רָצוּף אַהֲבָה Ct 3:10 its interior fitted out(?) with love (Gr al. הָבְנִי ebony).BDB רָצַף.2
† רִֽצְפָה n.f. pavement;—abs. ר׳ Ez 40:17(×2) +, cstr. רִֽצְפַת Est 1:6 (van d. H. רִצְפָּה, -פַּת);—pavement, in Ezek.’s temple, Ez 40:17(×2), 18(×2); 42:3; Sol.’s temple 2 Ch 7:3; in a palace Est 1:6.BDB רִֽצְפָה.2